海南长臂猿研究现状
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摘要
海南长臂猿Nomascus hainanus是世界上最为濒危的灵长类动物,历史上曾广泛分布于海南岛。自20世纪50年代以来,由于栖息地的破坏及人为干扰,分布面积急剧缩小,数量急剧减少,现仅存3群20多只分布在海南岛霸王岭国家级自然保护区16 km2的原始热带季雨林内。食物种类丰富,榕属植物较少,而家域面积较大,反映了海南长臂猿的栖息地质量较低。低质量的栖息地,独特的一夫二妻制的社会结构,较长的生殖间隔及较低的遗传多样性是制约海南长臂猿种群生存和发展的主要原因。加强海南长臂猿生态学、行为学及社区居民参与共管的研究将有助于海南长臂猿的保护。
Hainan gibbon( Nomascus hainanus) is the most endangered primates worldwide,and this species was used to wildly distribute in Hainan Island. Since the 1950 s,due to habitat destruction and human disturbance,the distribution area and the population size of N. hainanus were dramatically decreased. There were only three groups distributed in 16 km2 in the pristine tropical monsoon forest of Bawangling National Nature Reserve in Hainan Island. The abundant of food,fewer Ficus plants and larger home range of Hainan Island indicates the low quality of N. hainanuss habitat. Low quality of habitat,unique social structure,longer reproductive interval and low genetic diversity restrict the population existence and development of N. hainanus. Strengthen the oriented research of N. hainanus ecology,behaviors and the condominium of community residents involved will help to conserve N. hainanus.
Hainan gibbon( Nomascus hainanus) is the most endangered primates worldwide,and this species was used to wildly distribute in Hainan Island. Since the 1950 s,due to habitat destruction and human disturbance,the distribution area and the population size of N. hainanus were dramatically decreased. There were only three groups distributed in 16 km2 in the pristine tropical monsoon forest of Bawangling National Nature Reserve in Hainan Island. The abundant of food,fewer Ficus plants and larger home range of Hainan Island indicates the low quality of N. hainanuss habitat. Low quality of habitat,unique social structure,longer reproductive interval and low genetic diversity restrict the population existence and development of N. hainanus. Strengthen the oriented research of N. hainanus ecology,behaviors and the condominium of community residents involved will help to conserve N. hainanus.
引文
陈升华,杨世彬.2006.霸王岭长臂猿栖息地植被恢复的初步研究[J].热带林业,34(4):10-19.
范朋飞.2012.中国长臂猿科动物的分类和保护现状[J].兽类学报,32(3):248-258.
高耀亭,文焕然,何业恒.1981.历史时期我国长臂猿分布的变迁[J].动物学研究,2(1):1-8.
胡玉佳,丁小球.2000.海南岛坝王岭热带天然林植物物种多样性研究[J].生物多样性,8(4):370-377.
李志刚,魏辅文,周江.2010.海南长臂猿线粒体D-loop区序列分析及种群复壮[J].生物多样性,18(5):523-527.
林家怡,莫罗坚,庄雪影,等.2006.海南黑冠长臂猿主要摄食植物的区系分布多样性研究[J].热带林业,34(3):20-24,
刘晓明,刘振河,陈静,等.1995.海南长臂猿(H.concolor hainanus)家域利用及季节变化的研究[J].中山大学学报论丛,3:168-[10]171.
刘振河,覃朝锋.1990.海南长臂猿栖息地结构分析[J].兽类学报,[12]10(3):163-169.
刘振河,余斯绵,袁喜才.1984.海南长臂猿的资源现状[J].野生动物,6(6):1-4.
刘振河.1987.我国的类人猿———黑长臂猿[J].动物学杂志,21(4):43-44.
马世来,王应祥.1986.中国南部长臂猿的分类与分布)附三个新亚种的描记[J].动物学研究,7(4):393-421.
马世来.1997.现生长臂猿的新系统[J].兽类学报,17(2):81-91.
宋晓军,江海声,张剑锋,等.1999.海南黑长臂猿数量调查[C]//中国动物科学研究-中国动物学会第十四届会员代表大会及中国动物学会65周年年会论文集:696-701.
王昌和.1995.海南黑长臂猿保护的最新情况[M]//夏武平,张荣祖.灵长类研究与保护.北京:中国林业出版社:176-177.
王应祥,蒋学龙,冯庆.2000.黑长臂猿的分布、现状与保护[J].人类学学报,19(2):138-147.
王应祥.1995.中国灵长类研究的现状与未来灵长类研究与保护[C].北京:中国林业出版社:67-75.
肖宁,周江.2006.雨林精灵-海南黑冠长臂[J].大自然,(5):[23]32-34.
谢屹,杨世彬,温亚利,等.2009.海南霸王岭国家级自然保护区管理现状及对策建议[J].林业资源管理,38(3):22-26.
宿兵,Kressirer P,Monda K,等.1996.中国黑冠长臂猿的分子系统学研究[J].中国科学(C辑),26(5):414-419.
徐龙辉,刘振河,余斯绵.1983.海南岛的鸟兽(哺乳纲)[M].北京:科学出版社.
晏学春,李玉春.2007.海南黑冠长臂猿的生存与研究现状[J].生物学通报,42(12):18-20.
张亚平.1997.长臂猿的DNA序列进化及其系统发育研究[J].遗传学报,24(3):231-237.
周江,陈辈乐,魏辅文.2008.海南长臂猿的家族群相遇行为观察[J].动物学研究,29(6):667-673.
周江,李小成,周照骊,等.2009.GIS技术在海南长臂猿保护中的运用[J].贵州师范大学学报,27(4):22-29.
周江.2008.海南黑冠长臂猿的生态学及行为特征[D].吉林:东北师范大学.
周亚东,张剑锋.2003.海南长臂猿保护发展对策[J].热带林业,31(2):16-17.
Ahsan MF.1994.Behavioural ecology of the hoolock gibbon(Hylobateshoolock)in Bangladesh[D].Cambridge:University of Cambridge.
Allen GM.1940.The mammals of China and Mongolia[M].NY:Bul lAm Mus Of Nat His.
Brandon-Jones D,Eudey AA,Geissmann T,et al.2004.Asian primateclassification[J].International Joumal of Primatology,25(1):97-164.
Chivers DJ.1974.The Siamang in Malaya:a field study of a primate intropical rainforest[J].Contrib Primatol,4:1-335.
Chivers DJ.1977.The lesser apes[M]//Primate conservation(eds.Prince Rainier III of Monaco&GH Bourne).London and New York:Academic Press:539-598.
Chivers DJ.2001.The swinging singing simians:fighting for food andfamily in Far East Forests[M]//“The apes:challenges for the 21stcentury”(Sodaro V,Sodaro C,eds).Chicago:Brookfield Zoo:1-27.
Colin PG,Wang YX.1990.The gibbons of the subgenus Nomascus(Primates,Mammalia)[J].Zoological Research,11(2):147-154.
Dao VT.1983.On the North Indochinese gibbons(Hylobates concolor)(Primates,Hylobatidae)in north Vietuam[J].J Hum Evol,12:367-372.
Delacour J.1951.La systematique des gibbons Indochinois[J].Mammalia,15:118-123.
Deng HQ,Zhou J,Yang YW.2014.Sound spectrum characteristics ofHainan gibbon(Nomascus hainanus)songs[J].International Journalof Primatology,35(2):547-556.
Dewsbury DA,Pierce JD.1989.Copulatory patterns of primates asviewed in broad mammalian perspective[J].American Journal of Primatology,17:51-72.
Edwards AR,Todd JD.1991.Homosexual behaviour in wild white-handed gibbons(Hylobates lar)[J].Primates,32:231-236.
Fellowes JR,Chan BPL,Zhou J,et al.2008.Current status of theHainan gibbon(Nomascus hainanus):progress of population monitoring and other priority actions[J].Asian Primates Journal,1(1):4-11.
Frankham R,Ballou JD,Briscoe DA.2002.Introduction to conservationgenetics[M].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.
Fuentes A.2000.Hylobatid communities:changing views on pair bonding and social organization in hominoids[J].Yearbook of Physical Anthropology,43:33-60.
Geissmann T,La QT,Trinh DH,et al.2003.Rarest ape species rediscovered in Vietnam[J].Asian Primates,8(3-4):8-10.
Geissmann T.1993.Evolution of communication in gibbons(Hylobatidae)[D].Switzerland:Zürich University.
Geissmann T.1995.Gibbon systematics and species identification[J].International Zoo News,42:467-501.
Geissmann T.1997.New sounds from the crested gibbons(Hylobates concolor group):first results of a systematic revision[C]//Zissler,D(ed.).Verhandlungen der Deutschen Zoologischen Gesellschaft:Kurzpublikationen-short communications,90.Jahresversammlung 1997in Mainz Gustav Fischer,Stuttgart:1.
Geissmann T.2002a.Taxonomy and evolution of gibbons[M]//SoligoC,Anzenberger G,Martin RD(eds.).Anthropology and primatoloyinto the third millennium:the centenary congress of the Zurch Anthropological Institute(evolutionary anthropology).New York:WileyLiss:11(S1):28-31.
Geissmann T.2002b.Duet-splitting and the evolution of gibbon songs[J].Biological Reviews,77:57-76.
Groves CP.1972.Systematics and phylogeny of gibbons[M]//Rumbaugh DM(eds.).Gibbon and Siamang,Vol.1.Evolution,ecologybehavior and captive maintenance.Switzerland:S Karger Basel:l-89.
Groves CP.2001.Primate taxonomy[M].Washington&London:Smithsonian Institution Press.
Haimoff EH.1984.The organization of song in the Hainan black gibbon(Hylobates concolor hainanus)[J].Primates,25:225-235.
Jack F,Quan GQ,Luo YN.1987.Gibbon distribution in China[J].Acta Theriologica Sinica,7(3):161-167.
Jiang HS,Song X,Zhang J,et al.1999.The population dynamic of Hylobates concolor hainanus in Bawangling National Nature Reserve inHainan Island(Unpublished report).
La QT,Trinh DH.2004.Status review of the CaoV it black crested gibbon(Nomascus nasutus nasutus)in Vietuam[M]//Conservation ofprimates in Vietnam.Nadler T,Streieher U,and Ha Thang Long(eds.).Hanoi:Frankfurt Zoological Society:90-94.
Leighton D.1987.Gibbons:territoriality and monogamy[M]//Primatesocieties.Smuts BB,Cheney DL,Seyfarth RM,et al.Chicago:TheUniversity of Chicago Press:135-145.
Liu ZH,Jiang HS,Zhang YZ,et al.1987.Field report on the Hainangibbon[J].Primate Conserv,8:49-50.
Liu ZH,Zhang YZ,Jiang HS,et al.1989.Population structure of Hytobates concolor in Bawangling Nature Reserve,Hainan,China[J].American Journal of Primatology,19:247-254.
Liu ZJ,Ren BP,Wei FW,et al.2007.Phylogeography and populationstructure of the Yunnan snub-nosed monkey(Rhinopithecus bieti)inferred from mitochondrial control region DNA sequence analysis[J].Molecular Ecology,16:3334-3349.
Marshall JT,Sugardjito J.1986.Gibbon systematics[M]//Comparativeprimate biology,Vol.1:systematics,evolution and anatomy(Swindler DR,Erwin J).New York:Alan R Liss:137-185.
Mootnick AR.2006.Gibbon(Hylobatidae)species identification recommended for rescue and breeding centers[J].Primate Conservation,(21):103-138.
Pocock RI.1905.Observations upon a female specimen of the Hainangibbon(Hylobates hainanus),now living in the society’s gardens[J].Proceedings of the Zoological Society,(2):169-180.
Roos C,Thanh VN,Walter L,et al.2007.Molecular systematizes of Indochinese primates[J].Vietnamese Journal of Primatology,1(1):41-53.
Sommer V,Reichard U.2000.Rethinking monogamy:the gibbon case[M]//PM Kappeler(Ed.).Primate males:causes and consequences of variation in group composition.Cambridge UK:CambridgeUniversity Press:159-168.
Thomas O.1892.Note on the gibbon of the island of Hainan(Hylobatehainanus sp.n.)[J].Ann Mag Hist,9(6):145-146.
Wu W,Wang XM,Claro F,et al.2004.The current status of the Hainan black-crested gibbon Nomascus sp.cf.nasutus hainanus in Bawangling National Nature Reserve,Hainan,China[J].Oryx,38(4):452-456.
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Zhou J,Wei FW,Li M,et al.2008.Reproductive characters and matingbehaviour of wild Nomascus hainanus[J].Int J Primatol,29:1037-1046.
Zhou J,Wei FW,Li M,et al.2005.Hainan black-crested gibbon isheaded for extinction[J].International Journal of Primatology,26(2):453-465.
范朋飞.2012.中国长臂猿科动物的分类和保护现状[J].兽类学报,32(3):248-258.
高耀亭,文焕然,何业恒.1981.历史时期我国长臂猿分布的变迁[J].动物学研究,2(1):1-8.
胡玉佳,丁小球.2000.海南岛坝王岭热带天然林植物物种多样性研究[J].生物多样性,8(4):370-377.
李志刚,魏辅文,周江.2010.海南长臂猿线粒体D-loop区序列分析及种群复壮[J].生物多样性,18(5):523-527.
林家怡,莫罗坚,庄雪影,等.2006.海南黑冠长臂猿主要摄食植物的区系分布多样性研究[J].热带林业,34(3):20-24,
刘晓明,刘振河,陈静,等.1995.海南长臂猿(H.concolor hainanus)家域利用及季节变化的研究[J].中山大学学报论丛,3:168-[10]171.
刘振河,覃朝锋.1990.海南长臂猿栖息地结构分析[J].兽类学报,[12]10(3):163-169.
刘振河,余斯绵,袁喜才.1984.海南长臂猿的资源现状[J].野生动物,6(6):1-4.
刘振河.1987.我国的类人猿———黑长臂猿[J].动物学杂志,21(4):43-44.
马世来,王应祥.1986.中国南部长臂猿的分类与分布)附三个新亚种的描记[J].动物学研究,7(4):393-421.
马世来.1997.现生长臂猿的新系统[J].兽类学报,17(2):81-91.
宋晓军,江海声,张剑锋,等.1999.海南黑长臂猿数量调查[C]//中国动物科学研究-中国动物学会第十四届会员代表大会及中国动物学会65周年年会论文集:696-701.
王昌和.1995.海南黑长臂猿保护的最新情况[M]//夏武平,张荣祖.灵长类研究与保护.北京:中国林业出版社:176-177.
王应祥,蒋学龙,冯庆.2000.黑长臂猿的分布、现状与保护[J].人类学学报,19(2):138-147.
王应祥.1995.中国灵长类研究的现状与未来灵长类研究与保护[C].北京:中国林业出版社:67-75.
肖宁,周江.2006.雨林精灵-海南黑冠长臂[J].大自然,(5):[23]32-34.
谢屹,杨世彬,温亚利,等.2009.海南霸王岭国家级自然保护区管理现状及对策建议[J].林业资源管理,38(3):22-26.
宿兵,Kressirer P,Monda K,等.1996.中国黑冠长臂猿的分子系统学研究[J].中国科学(C辑),26(5):414-419.
徐龙辉,刘振河,余斯绵.1983.海南岛的鸟兽(哺乳纲)[M].北京:科学出版社.
晏学春,李玉春.2007.海南黑冠长臂猿的生存与研究现状[J].生物学通报,42(12):18-20.
张亚平.1997.长臂猿的DNA序列进化及其系统发育研究[J].遗传学报,24(3):231-237.
周江,陈辈乐,魏辅文.2008.海南长臂猿的家族群相遇行为观察[J].动物学研究,29(6):667-673.
周江,李小成,周照骊,等.2009.GIS技术在海南长臂猿保护中的运用[J].贵州师范大学学报,27(4):22-29.
周江.2008.海南黑冠长臂猿的生态学及行为特征[D].吉林:东北师范大学.
周亚东,张剑锋.2003.海南长臂猿保护发展对策[J].热带林业,31(2):16-17.
Ahsan MF.1994.Behavioural ecology of the hoolock gibbon(Hylobateshoolock)in Bangladesh[D].Cambridge:University of Cambridge.
Allen GM.1940.The mammals of China and Mongolia[M].NY:Bul lAm Mus Of Nat His.
Brandon-Jones D,Eudey AA,Geissmann T,et al.2004.Asian primateclassification[J].International Joumal of Primatology,25(1):97-164.
Chivers DJ.1974.The Siamang in Malaya:a field study of a primate intropical rainforest[J].Contrib Primatol,4:1-335.
Chivers DJ.1977.The lesser apes[M]//Primate conservation(eds.Prince Rainier III of Monaco&GH Bourne).London and New York:Academic Press:539-598.
Chivers DJ.2001.The swinging singing simians:fighting for food andfamily in Far East Forests[M]//“The apes:challenges for the 21stcentury”(Sodaro V,Sodaro C,eds).Chicago:Brookfield Zoo:1-27.
Colin PG,Wang YX.1990.The gibbons of the subgenus Nomascus(Primates,Mammalia)[J].Zoological Research,11(2):147-154.
Dao VT.1983.On the North Indochinese gibbons(Hylobates concolor)(Primates,Hylobatidae)in north Vietuam[J].J Hum Evol,12:367-372.
Delacour J.1951.La systematique des gibbons Indochinois[J].Mammalia,15:118-123.
Deng HQ,Zhou J,Yang YW.2014.Sound spectrum characteristics ofHainan gibbon(Nomascus hainanus)songs[J].International Journalof Primatology,35(2):547-556.
Dewsbury DA,Pierce JD.1989.Copulatory patterns of primates asviewed in broad mammalian perspective[J].American Journal of Primatology,17:51-72.
Edwards AR,Todd JD.1991.Homosexual behaviour in wild white-handed gibbons(Hylobates lar)[J].Primates,32:231-236.
Fellowes JR,Chan BPL,Zhou J,et al.2008.Current status of theHainan gibbon(Nomascus hainanus):progress of population monitoring and other priority actions[J].Asian Primates Journal,1(1):4-11.
Frankham R,Ballou JD,Briscoe DA.2002.Introduction to conservationgenetics[M].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.
Fuentes A.2000.Hylobatid communities:changing views on pair bonding and social organization in hominoids[J].Yearbook of Physical Anthropology,43:33-60.
Geissmann T,La QT,Trinh DH,et al.2003.Rarest ape species rediscovered in Vietnam[J].Asian Primates,8(3-4):8-10.
Geissmann T.1993.Evolution of communication in gibbons(Hylobatidae)[D].Switzerland:Zürich University.
Geissmann T.1995.Gibbon systematics and species identification[J].International Zoo News,42:467-501.
Geissmann T.1997.New sounds from the crested gibbons(Hylobates concolor group):first results of a systematic revision[C]//Zissler,D(ed.).Verhandlungen der Deutschen Zoologischen Gesellschaft:Kurzpublikationen-short communications,90.Jahresversammlung 1997in Mainz Gustav Fischer,Stuttgart:1.
Geissmann T.2002a.Taxonomy and evolution of gibbons[M]//SoligoC,Anzenberger G,Martin RD(eds.).Anthropology and primatoloyinto the third millennium:the centenary congress of the Zurch Anthropological Institute(evolutionary anthropology).New York:WileyLiss:11(S1):28-31.
Geissmann T.2002b.Duet-splitting and the evolution of gibbon songs[J].Biological Reviews,77:57-76.
Groves CP.1972.Systematics and phylogeny of gibbons[M]//Rumbaugh DM(eds.).Gibbon and Siamang,Vol.1.Evolution,ecologybehavior and captive maintenance.Switzerland:S Karger Basel:l-89.
Groves CP.2001.Primate taxonomy[M].Washington&London:Smithsonian Institution Press.
Haimoff EH.1984.The organization of song in the Hainan black gibbon(Hylobates concolor hainanus)[J].Primates,25:225-235.
Jack F,Quan GQ,Luo YN.1987.Gibbon distribution in China[J].Acta Theriologica Sinica,7(3):161-167.
Jiang HS,Song X,Zhang J,et al.1999.The population dynamic of Hylobates concolor hainanus in Bawangling National Nature Reserve inHainan Island(Unpublished report).
La QT,Trinh DH.2004.Status review of the CaoV it black crested gibbon(Nomascus nasutus nasutus)in Vietuam[M]//Conservation ofprimates in Vietnam.Nadler T,Streieher U,and Ha Thang Long(eds.).Hanoi:Frankfurt Zoological Society:90-94.
Leighton D.1987.Gibbons:territoriality and monogamy[M]//Primatesocieties.Smuts BB,Cheney DL,Seyfarth RM,et al.Chicago:TheUniversity of Chicago Press:135-145.
Liu ZH,Jiang HS,Zhang YZ,et al.1987.Field report on the Hainangibbon[J].Primate Conserv,8:49-50.
Liu ZH,Zhang YZ,Jiang HS,et al.1989.Population structure of Hytobates concolor in Bawangling Nature Reserve,Hainan,China[J].American Journal of Primatology,19:247-254.
Liu ZJ,Ren BP,Wei FW,et al.2007.Phylogeography and populationstructure of the Yunnan snub-nosed monkey(Rhinopithecus bieti)inferred from mitochondrial control region DNA sequence analysis[J].Molecular Ecology,16:3334-3349.
Marshall JT,Sugardjito J.1986.Gibbon systematics[M]//Comparativeprimate biology,Vol.1:systematics,evolution and anatomy(Swindler DR,Erwin J).New York:Alan R Liss:137-185.
Mootnick AR.2006.Gibbon(Hylobatidae)species identification recommended for rescue and breeding centers[J].Primate Conservation,(21):103-138.
Pocock RI.1905.Observations upon a female specimen of the Hainangibbon(Hylobates hainanus),now living in the society’s gardens[J].Proceedings of the Zoological Society,(2):169-180.
Roos C,Thanh VN,Walter L,et al.2007.Molecular systematizes of Indochinese primates[J].Vietnamese Journal of Primatology,1(1):41-53.
Sommer V,Reichard U.2000.Rethinking monogamy:the gibbon case[M]//PM Kappeler(Ed.).Primate males:causes and consequences of variation in group composition.Cambridge UK:CambridgeUniversity Press:159-168.
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