AMDAR资料的风温信息在机场终端区强对流天气分析中的应用
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摘要
强对流天气引起风矢量和温度等气象要素突变,影响飞机正常起降和飞行。高时空分辨率的飞机气象资料中继AMDAR(Aircraft Meteorological Data Relay)是天气预报重要的资料源之一,可为机场终端区的强对流天气短临预报提供高时间密度的垂直探测信息。通过白云机场终端区的AMDAR资料,提取三维风矢和温度廓线,制作了风切变和湍流的预警分析图。以2011年4月17日一次广东省的强对流天气过程为例,将AMDAR资料结合雷达、卫星、探空等多源资料进行了分析。研究表明,在AMDAR资料的风矢-时间高度剖面上形成三维预警指示,对机场的强对流预报有指导意义;当1 km以下发生强风切变,对飞机起降威胁严重,AMDAR资料水平风的垂直分布印证了多普勒天气雷达强辐散区的回波特征;高时空分辨率的AMDAR风速和温度扰动,可揭示大气中的风切变及湍流运动。AMDAR资料为保障飞机的安全起降提供了一种实时、密集的垂直观测信息,有助于研发临近预报预警产品,弥补探空资料的不足。
Strong convection is an important weather phenomenon impacting flight safety,and frequently causes sudden changes in meteorological elements. AMDAR data have high spatial and temporal resolution,which can provide vital information for the nowcasting of severe weather in airport terminal areas. This paper extracts the three-dimensional wind vector and temperature profiles,and produces the wind shear warning analysis diagram in the horizontal and vertical directions,using AMDAR data from the Baiyun Airport Terminal Area. The case study involves the strong convection on April 17,2011 in Guangdong Province,and the AMDAR data,together with multi-source information such as Doppler weather radar,satellite and sounding,are analyzed. The study results showthat the three-dimensional early warning indication on the wind vector-time height profile of the AMDAR data has a guiding significance for nowcasting strong convection at the airport.When strong wind shear occurs below1km,the threat to aircraft take-off and landing is serious,and the vertical distribution of the horizontal wind direction from the AMDAR data is very serious.In addition,the echo characteristics in the strong divergence region of the Doppler weather radar are confirmed. The high spatial and temporal resolution ADMAR wind speed and temperature disturbance can reveal the wind shear and turbulence in the atmosphere.The real-time and intensive vertical observation information provided by the AMDAR data is helpful to develop the products of nowcasting and early warning,and to compensate for the shortage of sounding data.
Strong convection is an important weather phenomenon impacting flight safety,and frequently causes sudden changes in meteorological elements. AMDAR data have high spatial and temporal resolution,which can provide vital information for the nowcasting of severe weather in airport terminal areas. This paper extracts the three-dimensional wind vector and temperature profiles,and produces the wind shear warning analysis diagram in the horizontal and vertical directions,using AMDAR data from the Baiyun Airport Terminal Area. The case study involves the strong convection on April 17,2011 in Guangdong Province,and the AMDAR data,together with multi-source information such as Doppler weather radar,satellite and sounding,are analyzed. The study results showthat the three-dimensional early warning indication on the wind vector-time height profile of the AMDAR data has a guiding significance for nowcasting strong convection at the airport.When strong wind shear occurs below1km,the threat to aircraft take-off and landing is serious,and the vertical distribution of the horizontal wind direction from the AMDAR data is very serious.In addition,the echo characteristics in the strong divergence region of the Doppler weather radar are confirmed. The high spatial and temporal resolution ADMAR wind speed and temperature disturbance can reveal the wind shear and turbulence in the atmosphere.The real-time and intensive vertical observation information provided by the AMDAR data is helpful to develop the products of nowcasting and early warning,and to compensate for the shortage of sounding data.
引文
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Cardinali C,Isaksen L,Andersson E,2003.Use and impact of automated aircraft data in a global 4DVAR data assimilation system[J].Mon Wea Rev,131(8):1865-1877.
陈思蓉,朱伟军,周兵,等,2009.中国雷暴气候分布特征及变化趋势[J].大气科学学报,32(5):703-710.Chen S R,Zhu W J,Zhou B,et al.,2009.Climate characteristic and variation tendency of thunderstorm in China[J].Trans Atmos Sci,32(5):703-710.(in Chinese).
Gilles F,Stephen D H,2005.Development of the Canadian aircraft meteorological data relay (AMDAR) program and plans for the Future[C]// 13th Symposium on Meteorological Observations and Instrumentation.Savannah,GA.
黄卓,李延香,王慧,等,2007.AMDAR资料在天气预报中的应用研究[C]//天气预报技术文集.北京:中国气象学会:165-170.Huang Z,Li Y X,Wang H,et al.,2007.Airport weather short-range forecasting using AMDAR data[C]//Anthology of Weather Forecasting techniques.Beijing:Chinese Meteorological Society:165-170.(in Chinese).
贾朋群,胡英,王金星,2004.民用航空气象观测综述[J].气象科技,32(4):213-218.Jia P Q,Hu Y,Wang J X,2004.Summary of civil aviation meteorological oberservation[J].Meteorological Science and Technology,32(4):213-218.(in Chinese).
聂颖,佘广年,2007.南京机场强对流天气预警系统的研究[J].空中交通管理(3):33-36.Nie Y,She G N,2007.The development and application of delphi language in the forecast system of the strong convection weather at Nanjing airport[J].Air Traffic Management(3):33-36.(in Chinese).
Pouponneau B,Ayrault F,Bergot T,et al.,1999.The impact of aircraft data on an Atlantic cyclone analyzed in terms of sensitivities and trajectories[J].Wea Forecasting,14(1):67-83.
盛裴轩,2003.大气物理学[M].北京:北京大学出版社.Sheng P X,2003.Atmospheric Physics[M].Beijing:Beijing University Press.(in Chinese).
拓瑞芳,金山,丁叶风,等,2006.AMDAR资料在机场天气预报中的应用[J].气象,32(3):44-48.Tuo R F,Jin S,Ding Y F,et al.,2006.Airport weather short-range forecasting using AMDAR data[J].Meteor Mon,32(3):44-48.(in Chinese).
魏鸣,雷欢欢,程周杰,等,2013.能量位涡在雷雨大风天气诊断分析中的应用[J].大气科学学报,36(2):158-164.Wei M,Lei H H,Cheng Z J,et al.,2013.Application of energy potential vorticity to diagnosis of thunder wind[J].Trans Atmos Sci,36(2):158-164.(in Chinese).
魏鸣,张明旭,张培昌,等,2014.机载雷达风切变识别算法研究及在机场预报中的应用[J].大气科学学报,37(2):129-137.Wei M,Zhang M X,Zhang P C,et al.,2014.Wind shear identification for airborne weather radar and its application in airport forecast[J].Trans Atmos Sci,37(2):129-137.(in Chinese).
夏网萍,魏鸣,李南,2010.单多普勒雷达SVVP风场反演及应用[J].气象科学,30(4):503-509.Xia W P,Wei M,Li N,2010.Retrieval and application of SVVP method with single Doppler radar[J].Scientia Meteorologica Sinica,30(4):503-509.(in Chinese).
肖笑,魏鸣,2018.利用FY-2E红外和水汽波段对强对流云团的识别和演变研究[J].大气科学学报,41(1):135-144.Xiao X,Wei M,2018.Study on the detection and evolution of intense convective cloud with data from the FY-2E VISSR infrared and water vapor bands[J].Trans Atmos Sci,41(1):135-144.(in Chinese).
赵树海,1994.航空气象学[M].北京:气象出版杜.Zhao S H,1944.Aeronautical meteorology[M].Beijing:Meteorological Press.(in Chinese).
周后福,邱明燕,张爱民,等,2006.基于稳定度和能量指标作强对流天气的短时预报指标分析[C]//中国气象学会2005年年会论文集.北京:中国气象局:716-722.Zhou H F,Qiu M Y,Zhang A M,et al.,2006.Analysis on short-time forecast of severe convection weather based on stability and energy indexes[C]//The Proceedings of the 2005 annual meeting of the China Meteorological Society.Beijing:China Meterological Administration:716-722.(in Chinese).
Cardinali C,Isaksen L,Andersson E,2003.Use and impact of automated aircraft data in a global 4DVAR data assimilation system[J].Mon Wea Rev,131(8):1865-1877.
陈思蓉,朱伟军,周兵,等,2009.中国雷暴气候分布特征及变化趋势[J].大气科学学报,32(5):703-710.Chen S R,Zhu W J,Zhou B,et al.,2009.Climate characteristic and variation tendency of thunderstorm in China[J].Trans Atmos Sci,32(5):703-710.(in Chinese).
Gilles F,Stephen D H,2005.Development of the Canadian aircraft meteorological data relay (AMDAR) program and plans for the Future[C]// 13th Symposium on Meteorological Observations and Instrumentation.Savannah,GA.
黄卓,李延香,王慧,等,2007.AMDAR资料在天气预报中的应用研究[C]//天气预报技术文集.北京:中国气象学会:165-170.Huang Z,Li Y X,Wang H,et al.,2007.Airport weather short-range forecasting using AMDAR data[C]//Anthology of Weather Forecasting techniques.Beijing:Chinese Meteorological Society:165-170.(in Chinese).
贾朋群,胡英,王金星,2004.民用航空气象观测综述[J].气象科技,32(4):213-218.Jia P Q,Hu Y,Wang J X,2004.Summary of civil aviation meteorological oberservation[J].Meteorological Science and Technology,32(4):213-218.(in Chinese).
聂颖,佘广年,2007.南京机场强对流天气预警系统的研究[J].空中交通管理(3):33-36.Nie Y,She G N,2007.The development and application of delphi language in the forecast system of the strong convection weather at Nanjing airport[J].Air Traffic Management(3):33-36.(in Chinese).
Pouponneau B,Ayrault F,Bergot T,et al.,1999.The impact of aircraft data on an Atlantic cyclone analyzed in terms of sensitivities and trajectories[J].Wea Forecasting,14(1):67-83.
盛裴轩,2003.大气物理学[M].北京:北京大学出版社.Sheng P X,2003.Atmospheric Physics[M].Beijing:Beijing University Press.(in Chinese).
拓瑞芳,金山,丁叶风,等,2006.AMDAR资料在机场天气预报中的应用[J].气象,32(3):44-48.Tuo R F,Jin S,Ding Y F,et al.,2006.Airport weather short-range forecasting using AMDAR data[J].Meteor Mon,32(3):44-48.(in Chinese).
魏鸣,雷欢欢,程周杰,等,2013.能量位涡在雷雨大风天气诊断分析中的应用[J].大气科学学报,36(2):158-164.Wei M,Lei H H,Cheng Z J,et al.,2013.Application of energy potential vorticity to diagnosis of thunder wind[J].Trans Atmos Sci,36(2):158-164.(in Chinese).
魏鸣,张明旭,张培昌,等,2014.机载雷达风切变识别算法研究及在机场预报中的应用[J].大气科学学报,37(2):129-137.Wei M,Zhang M X,Zhang P C,et al.,2014.Wind shear identification for airborne weather radar and its application in airport forecast[J].Trans Atmos Sci,37(2):129-137.(in Chinese).
夏网萍,魏鸣,李南,2010.单多普勒雷达SVVP风场反演及应用[J].气象科学,30(4):503-509.Xia W P,Wei M,Li N,2010.Retrieval and application of SVVP method with single Doppler radar[J].Scientia Meteorologica Sinica,30(4):503-509.(in Chinese).
肖笑,魏鸣,2018.利用FY-2E红外和水汽波段对强对流云团的识别和演变研究[J].大气科学学报,41(1):135-144.Xiao X,Wei M,2018.Study on the detection and evolution of intense convective cloud with data from the FY-2E VISSR infrared and water vapor bands[J].Trans Atmos Sci,41(1):135-144.(in Chinese).
赵树海,1994.航空气象学[M].北京:气象出版杜.Zhao S H,1944.Aeronautical meteorology[M].Beijing:Meteorological Press.(in Chinese).
周后福,邱明燕,张爱民,等,2006.基于稳定度和能量指标作强对流天气的短时预报指标分析[C]//中国气象学会2005年年会论文集.北京:中国气象局:716-722.Zhou H F,Qiu M Y,Zhang A M,et al.,2006.Analysis on short-time forecast of severe convection weather based on stability and energy indexes[C]//The Proceedings of the 2005 annual meeting of the China Meteorological Society.Beijing:China Meterological Administration:716-722.(in Chinese).