碳纳米管/石墨烯/碳复合材料烟幕的中远红外的干扰性能
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摘要
为探索碳纳米管/石墨烯/碳复合材料在3～5μm和8～14μm中远红外波段烟幕干扰方面的应用,用液相法制备了碳纳米管/石墨烯/碳复合材料。采用扫描电子显微镜,对比分析了石墨烯、碳纳米管和复合材料的微观形貌。采用傅里叶红外光谱仪技术,对比分析了三种材料的静态红外吸收能力。基于烟箱实验,测试了石墨烯、碳纳米管和复合材料对3～5μm、8～14μm中远红外的透过率,并根据"朗伯?比尔"定律计算了烟幕的平均质量消光系数。结果表明,经过沥青碳化,以沥青碳为骨架,碳纳米管与石墨烯形成的复杂网状空间结构的烟幕干扰复合材料,抑制了碳纳米管的结团和石墨烯的堆叠现象,改善了悬浮性。针对3～5μm波段,计算得到碳纳米管、石墨烯及碳纳米管/石墨烯/碳复合材料平均红外透过率分别约为9%、10%和5%,复合材料的有效遮蔽时间相比碳纳米管、石墨烯分别增加了约13%和21%;对8～14μm红外波段的平均红外透过率分别约为3%、5%和4%,复合材料有效遮蔽时间相比碳纳米管、石墨烯增加了约28%和13%。碳纳米管/石墨烯/碳复合材料改善了单一碳材料的悬浮性能和红外光谱吸收性能,对中红外的干扰性能增强,对远红外的干扰性能有所下降,但有效干扰时间仍有所提高,其远红外干扰性能有待进一步改进。
To explore the application in smoke interference at the middle and far infrared wave?bands of 3-5 μm and 8-14 μm,the CNT/grapheme/carbon composite was prepared by a liquid phase method. Scanning electron microscopy was used to compare and analyze the microscopic morphology of graphene,carbon nanotubes and composite. The static infrared absorption ability of the three materials was compared and analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Based on the smoke box experiment,the transmittances of graphene,carbon nanotube and composite for 3-5 μm and 8-14 μm in the middle and far infrared were measured,and the average mass extinction coefficient of the smoke screen was calculated according to the Lambert?Beer law. The results show that after bituminous carbonization,bituminous carbon is used as the skeleton,the smoke?screen interference composite material of the complex network structure formed by carbon nanotube and graphene inhibits the agglomeration of CNT and the stacking phenomenon of graphene,and improves the suspension properties. For the 3-5 μm wave?band,the average transmittance of carbon nanotube,graphene and CNT/grapheme/carbon composite obtained by calculated is about 9%,10% and 5% respectively. The effective shielding time of the composite increases by about 13% and 21% respectively compared with that of CNT and graphene. The average transmittance at the 8-14 μm infrared wave?band is about 3%,5% and 4%,respectively and the effective shielding time of the composite is about 28% and 13% higher than that of CNT and graphene. The CNT/grapheme/carbon composites improve the suspension performance and infrared absorption performance of the single carbon material,enhance the interference performance at the middle infrared wave?band,decrease the interference performance at the far infrared wave?band,but the effective interference time is still improved,and its far infrared interference time needs further improvement.
To explore the application in smoke interference at the middle and far infrared wave?bands of 3-5 μm and 8-14 μm,the CNT/grapheme/carbon composite was prepared by a liquid phase method. Scanning electron microscopy was used to compare and analyze the microscopic morphology of graphene,carbon nanotubes and composite. The static infrared absorption ability of the three materials was compared and analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Based on the smoke box experiment,the transmittances of graphene,carbon nanotube and composite for 3-5 μm and 8-14 μm in the middle and far infrared were measured,and the average mass extinction coefficient of the smoke screen was calculated according to the Lambert?Beer law. The results show that after bituminous carbonization,bituminous carbon is used as the skeleton,the smoke?screen interference composite material of the complex network structure formed by carbon nanotube and graphene inhibits the agglomeration of CNT and the stacking phenomenon of graphene,and improves the suspension properties. For the 3-5 μm wave?band,the average transmittance of carbon nanotube,graphene and CNT/grapheme/carbon composite obtained by calculated is about 9%,10% and 5% respectively. The effective shielding time of the composite increases by about 13% and 21% respectively compared with that of CNT and graphene. The average transmittance at the 8-14 μm infrared wave?band is about 3%,5% and 4%,respectively and the effective shielding time of the composite is about 28% and 13% higher than that of CNT and graphene. The CNT/grapheme/carbon composites improve the suspension performance and infrared absorption performance of the single carbon material,enhance the interference performance at the middle infrared wave?band,decrease the interference performance at the far infrared wave?band,but the effective interference time is still improved,and its far infrared interference time needs further improvement.
引文
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[15]王红霞,刘代志,宋子彪.碳纳米材料红外图像干扰特性研究[J].含能材料,2008,16(5):588-591.WANG Hong-xia,LIU Dai-zhi,SONG Zi-biao.Infrared images shielded characteristics of carbon nano materials[J].Chinese Journal of Energetic Materials(Hanneng Cailiao),2008,16(5):588-591.
[16]李素芳,查文珂,方建军,等.石墨烯烟幕红外激光消光性能研究[J].红外技术,2010,32(6):366-670.LI Su-fang,ZHA Wen-ke,FANG Jian-jun,et al.Extinction characteristic of graphene smoke to infrared and laser wave[J].Infrared Technology,2010,32(6):366-670.
[17]甘雷.碳包覆改性天然石墨与硅碳复合负极材料的制备及性能研究[D].湖南:中南大学,2013.GAN Lei.Preparation and properties of carbon-coated natural graphite and silicon-carbon composite anode materials[D].Hu Nan:Central South University,2013.
[18]ZHANG Kai-chuang,GAO Xin-bao,ZHANG Qian,et al.Pitch carbon coating grapheme/carbon nanotubes lightweight composite and their excellent microwave absorption capacity[J].Journal of Materials Science-materials in Electronics,2017,28(2):1352-1358.
[19]ZHANG Kai-chuang,GAO Xin-bao,ZHANG Qian,et al.Preparation and microware absorption properties of asphalt carbon coated reduced grapheme oxide/magnetic CoFe2O4hollow particles modified multi-wall carbon nanotube composites[J].Journal of Alloys and Compounds,2017,723:912-921.
[20]姚禄玖,高钧麟,肖凯涛,等.烟幕理论与测试技术[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2004:105-162.YAO Lu-jiu,GAO Jun-lin,XIAO Kai-tao,et al.Theory and testing technique of smoke[M].Beijing:National Defense Industry Press,2004:105-162.
[21]陈文建,穆让修,张若凡,等.固体发烟剂烟幕几种波段透过率测试[J].应用光学,2016,37(5):739-741.CHEN Wen-jian,MU Rang-xiu,ZHANG Ruo-fan,et al.Transmittance measurement on smog of solid smoke agent in several wavebands[J].Journal of Applied Optics,2016,37(5):739-741.
[2]李乐,胡以华,顾有林,等.生物材料红外波段消光性能分析[J].光谱学与光谱分析,2017,37(11):3430-3434.LI Le,HU Yi-hua,GU You-lin,et al.Infrared extinction performance of biological materials[J].Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis,2017,37(11):3430-3434.
[3]马德跃,李晓霞,郭宇翔,等.红外烟幕遮蔽率及其分布表征方法[J].应用光学,2014,35(4):708-712.MA De-yue,LI Xiao-xia,GUO Yu-xiang,et al.Measurement of screening rate and its distribution of infrared smoke screen[J].Journal of Applied Optics,2014,35(4):708-712.
[4]陈泽,朱晨光,封亚欧.气凝胶基复合含能材料的制备及其红外遮蔽性能研究[J].火工品,2017(4):24-27.CHEN Ze,ZHU Chen-guang,FENG Ya-ou.Study on the preparation and infrared shielding performance of composite energetic materials based on aerogel[J].Initators&Pyrotechnics,2017(4):24-27.
[5]Krome U D,Schulz E.Pyrotechnic smoke for camouflage purpose:DE4337071[P],1993.
[6]王玄玉.雾油与石墨组合烟幕10.6μm激光的衰减特性[J].红外与激光工程,2011,40(9):1706-1708.WANG Xuan-yu.Extinction performance of oil fog smoke combined with superfine graphite to 10.6μm laser emission[J].Infrared and Laser Engineering,2011,40(9):1706-1708.
[7]王玄玉,宋黎,程乐见.石墨气溶胶粒度分布及远红外消光因子研究[J].中国粉体技术,2009,15(1):34-36.WANG Xuan-yu,SONG Li,CHENG Le-jian.Study on particle size distribution and far infrared extinction factors of graphite aerosol[J].China Powder Science and Technology,2009,15(1):34-36.
[8]王玄玉,潘功配.红磷烟幕中红外光谱和红外消光性能研究[J].红外与毫米波学报,2006,25(5):397-400.WANG Xuan-yu,PAN Gong-pei.Study on middle infrared spectrum and extinction performance of red phosphorus smoke[J].Journal Infrared Millim Waves,2006,25(5):397-400.
[9]周明善,徐铭,沈瑞琪,等.均匀设计法在赤磷发烟剂红外消光性能中的应用[J].含能材料,2009,17(3):354-356.ZHOU Ming-shan,XU Ming,SHEN Rui-qi,et al.Application of uniform design in infrared extinction performance of red phosphorus smoke agent[J].Chinese Journal of Energetic Materials(Hanneng Cailiao),2009,17(3):354-356.
[10]魏旭.两种碳素材料的改性研究[D].南京:南京理工大学,2014.WEI Xu.Studies on modification of the two kinds of carbon materials[D].Nanjing:Nanjing University of Science&Technology,2014.
[11]NING Gong-tao,LI Ping,CUI Yu-ling,et al.Flowability and infrared interference properties of modified graphite flake with hydropho-bic nano-silica[J].Chinese Journal of Energetic Materials(Hanneng Cailiao),2015,23(12):1217-1220.
[12]刘志龙,王玄玉,董文杰,等.短切碳纤维云团对毫米波/红外复合干扰性能影响[J].含能材料,2016,24(12):1219-1224.LIU Zhi-long,WANG Xuan-yu,DONG Wen-jie,et al.Composite interference performance of chopped carbon fiber clouds to millimeter wave and infrared[J].Chinese Journal of Energetic Materials(Hanneng Cailiao),2016,24(12):1219-1224.
[13]吴慧,马拥军,朱东升,等.石墨烯基纳米红外吸波材料的制备及消光性能研究[J].红外技术,2013,35(4):242-246.WU Hui,MA Yong-jun,ZHU Dong-sheng,et al.Research on preparation and extinction characteristic of graphene-based infrared absorbing nano-composites[J].Infrared Technology,2013,35(4):242-246.
[14]王红霞,宋子彪,刘代志.碳纳米管对信息激光的消光系数测试研究[J].光学技术,2007,33:125-126.WANG Hong-xia,SONG Zi-biao,LIU Dai-zhi.Study and test on extinction coefficient of carbon nanotubes to information laser[J].Optical Technique,2007,33:125-126.
[15]王红霞,刘代志,宋子彪.碳纳米材料红外图像干扰特性研究[J].含能材料,2008,16(5):588-591.WANG Hong-xia,LIU Dai-zhi,SONG Zi-biao.Infrared images shielded characteristics of carbon nano materials[J].Chinese Journal of Energetic Materials(Hanneng Cailiao),2008,16(5):588-591.
[16]李素芳,查文珂,方建军,等.石墨烯烟幕红外激光消光性能研究[J].红外技术,2010,32(6):366-670.LI Su-fang,ZHA Wen-ke,FANG Jian-jun,et al.Extinction characteristic of graphene smoke to infrared and laser wave[J].Infrared Technology,2010,32(6):366-670.
[17]甘雷.碳包覆改性天然石墨与硅碳复合负极材料的制备及性能研究[D].湖南:中南大学,2013.GAN Lei.Preparation and properties of carbon-coated natural graphite and silicon-carbon composite anode materials[D].Hu Nan:Central South University,2013.
[18]ZHANG Kai-chuang,GAO Xin-bao,ZHANG Qian,et al.Pitch carbon coating grapheme/carbon nanotubes lightweight composite and their excellent microwave absorption capacity[J].Journal of Materials Science-materials in Electronics,2017,28(2):1352-1358.
[19]ZHANG Kai-chuang,GAO Xin-bao,ZHANG Qian,et al.Preparation and microware absorption properties of asphalt carbon coated reduced grapheme oxide/magnetic CoFe2O4hollow particles modified multi-wall carbon nanotube composites[J].Journal of Alloys and Compounds,2017,723:912-921.
[20]姚禄玖,高钧麟,肖凯涛,等.烟幕理论与测试技术[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2004:105-162.YAO Lu-jiu,GAO Jun-lin,XIAO Kai-tao,et al.Theory and testing technique of smoke[M].Beijing:National Defense Industry Press,2004:105-162.
[21]陈文建,穆让修,张若凡,等.固体发烟剂烟幕几种波段透过率测试[J].应用光学,2016,37(5):739-741.CHEN Wen-jian,MU Rang-xiu,ZHANG Ruo-fan,et al.Transmittance measurement on smog of solid smoke agent in several wavebands[J].Journal of Applied Optics,2016,37(5):739-741.