7种植物枯萎病病原真菌的鉴定
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摘要
通过对3个地区、6种植物采集的7种植物枯萎病病原菌的分离纯化,并运用真菌形态观察法和r DNA-ITS分子生物学技术进行了鉴定。形态鉴定结果表明,不同枯萎病病原菌在PDA培养基上均会产生色素,菌丝大多致密,分生孢子大多呈弯月形,菌丝有隔。通过进一步的分子学鉴定,鉴定结果分别为辣椒枯萎菌、兰花枯萎菌、番茄枯萎菌1为镰刀菌;番茄枯萎菌2、甜瓜枯萎菌、西瓜枯萎菌为尖孢镰刀菌;茄子枯萎菌为拟轮枝镰刀菌。枯萎病主要的侵染真菌是尖孢镰刀菌和镰刀菌,少数为拟轮枝镰刀菌。研究结果可为今后对枯萎真菌病害的鉴定提供理论依据。
Plant fusarium wilt is one of the most important disease threats in the world, which mainly endangers the production of tomato, watermelon and melon. Seven pathogenic bacteria of plant wilt were isolated and purified from three areas and six plants, and identified by fungal morphological observation and r DNA-ITS molecular biology techniques. The results of morphological identification showed that different fusarium wilt fungi could produce pigments on PDA medium. The mycelia were mostly dense, conidia were mostly meniscus-shaped, and the mycelia were septated. Through further molecular identification, the identification results showed that Capsicum annuum L. fusarium, Cymbidium usarium, Lycopersicon esculentum M. fusarium 1 were Fusarium redolens. Lycopersicon esculentum M. fusarium 2, Cucumis melo fusarium, Citrullus lanatus fusarium were Fusariumo xysporum. Solanum melongena L.fusarium was Fusarium verticillium. Fusarium oxysporum and Fusarium redolens are the main infective fungi of fusarium wilt, and a few are Fusarium verticillium. The results of this study provide a theoretical basis for the identification of fusarium wilt fungal diseases in the future.
Plant fusarium wilt is one of the most important disease threats in the world, which mainly endangers the production of tomato, watermelon and melon. Seven pathogenic bacteria of plant wilt were isolated and purified from three areas and six plants, and identified by fungal morphological observation and r DNA-ITS molecular biology techniques. The results of morphological identification showed that different fusarium wilt fungi could produce pigments on PDA medium. The mycelia were mostly dense, conidia were mostly meniscus-shaped, and the mycelia were septated. Through further molecular identification, the identification results showed that Capsicum annuum L. fusarium, Cymbidium usarium, Lycopersicon esculentum M. fusarium 1 were Fusarium redolens. Lycopersicon esculentum M. fusarium 2, Cucumis melo fusarium, Citrullus lanatus fusarium were Fusariumo xysporum. Solanum melongena L.fusarium was Fusarium verticillium. Fusarium oxysporum and Fusarium redolens are the main infective fungi of fusarium wilt, and a few are Fusarium verticillium. The results of this study provide a theoretical basis for the identification of fusarium wilt fungal diseases in the future.
引文
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[13] WANG X Q,JIA Y H,YOU H B. Identification of physiological races and screening of disease-resistant methods of watermelon fusarium wilt pathogen in Heilongjiang province[J]. Northern Horticulture,2013(2):103-107.
[14]周小林,陈功友,邵元建.甜瓜枯萎病菌(Fusariwn oxysporum)专化型的初步研究[J].植物保护,2008,34(6):80-84.
[15]易铭,梁嘉俊,史建.采用EF-1α序列分析法对苜蓿根腐病病原菌:锐顶镰刀菌的鉴定[J].草业学报,2017,26(2):61-68.
[16]章元寿,王建新,刘经芬,等.大丽轮枝菌毒素的分离、提纯及生物测定[J].真菌学报,1989(2):140-147.
[17]郑鹏.青刺果内生真菌PR1-1形态学鉴定[J].现代农业科技,2018(18):93,95.
[18]张垚,白金峰,徐凯莉,等.具有抗菌活性的水杉内生真菌的分离及筛选[J].湖北农业科学,2018,57(11):36-38,41.
[19]李盼亮.我国蔬菜根部病原镰孢菌鉴定和新病害发现[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2017.
[2]赵志慧.中国禾本科作物上镰孢菌属真菌分类的研究[D].沈阳:沈阳农业大学,2008.
[3]梁小平,李碧霞,严忠诚,等.尖孢镰刀菌所致日光温室蔬菜病害的防治[J].内蒙古农业科技,2014(6):46-47,53.
[4]赵兴红.黑龙江省水稻立枯病菌的分离鉴定、分布和遗传多样性研究[D].哈尔滨:东北农业大学,2013.
[5]彭成彬,柯栋贤,陈美霞,等.茶树镰刀菌的分离鉴定和遗传多样性研究[J].中国茶叶,2018,40(8):24-29.
[6]杨波.宁夏和青海马铃薯镰刀菌根腐类病害病原菌鉴定[C]//中国植物病理学会第十一届全国会员代表大会暨2018年学术年会.北京:中国植物病理学会,2018.
[7]王世伟,王卿惠,李小鹏,等.镰刀菌分子鉴定与重要应用的研究进展[J].微生物学通报,2018,45(4):907-919.
[8]袁长婷.核糖体RNA基因间隔区ITS及IGS在真菌分子生物学鉴定和分型中的应用[D].上海:第二军医大学,2001.
[9]史建荣,刘馨,仇剑波,等.小麦中镰刀菌毒素脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇污染现状与防控研究进展[J].中国农业科学,2014,47(18):3641-3654.
[10]宗兆锋,康振生.植物病理学原理[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2002.
[11] KRISTENSEN R. DNA microarray to detect and identify trichothecene-and moniliformin-producing Fusarium species[J].Journal of Applied Microbiology,2007,102(4):1060-1070.
[12]张硕.三种瓜类枯萎病菌(Fusarium oxysporum Schl.)生理分化及其致病基因FochsV表达差异研究[D].沈阳:沈阳农业大学,2013.
[13] WANG X Q,JIA Y H,YOU H B. Identification of physiological races and screening of disease-resistant methods of watermelon fusarium wilt pathogen in Heilongjiang province[J]. Northern Horticulture,2013(2):103-107.
[14]周小林,陈功友,邵元建.甜瓜枯萎病菌(Fusariwn oxysporum)专化型的初步研究[J].植物保护,2008,34(6):80-84.
[15]易铭,梁嘉俊,史建.采用EF-1α序列分析法对苜蓿根腐病病原菌:锐顶镰刀菌的鉴定[J].草业学报,2017,26(2):61-68.
[16]章元寿,王建新,刘经芬,等.大丽轮枝菌毒素的分离、提纯及生物测定[J].真菌学报,1989(2):140-147.
[17]郑鹏.青刺果内生真菌PR1-1形态学鉴定[J].现代农业科技,2018(18):93,95.
[18]张垚,白金峰,徐凯莉,等.具有抗菌活性的水杉内生真菌的分离及筛选[J].湖北农业科学,2018,57(11):36-38,41.
[19]李盼亮.我国蔬菜根部病原镰孢菌鉴定和新病害发现[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2017.