厦门海域秋、冬季溶解有机氮时空分布及总溶解态氮的组成
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摘要
根据2015年10月(秋季)和2016年1月(冬季)对厦门海域开展的2次水质调查,研究了该海域中溶解有机氮(DON)的时空分布特征及总溶解态氮(TDN)的组成,并探讨了DON与环境要素的相关性及其来源.结果表明:厦门海域DON浓度平均值冬季大于秋季,表层高于底层,整体呈内湾、河口区较高,湾口区低的分布格局.秋季DON浓度的空间分布为同安湾>西海域>九龙江口邻近海域>东南海域>大嶝海域,冬季为西海域>同安湾>九龙江口邻近海域>东南海域>大嶝海域.该海域秋、冬季DON浓度占比(CDON/CTDN)分别为56%和53%,DON浓度占比整体呈湾口区大、河口区及内湾小的分布特征.相关性分析表明,该海域秋、冬季表、底层DON浓度与盐度均呈极显著负相关,与磷酸盐、硅酸盐含量为极显著正相关,与叶绿素a、溶解氧、p H值存在一定相关性.厦门海域DON的来源主要有九龙江河流、城市生活污水、工农业废水等陆源输入和浮游植物活动等海源生成.
Based on water quality surveys conducted in Xiamen waters in October 2015( autumn) and January 2016( winter),the temporal and spatial distribution of dissolved organic nitrogen( DON),the composition of total dissolved nitrogen( TDN),the correlation between DON and environmental factors and the sources are studied and discussed. The results show that the average concentration of DON is higher in winter than autumn and DON is higher in surface than bottom showing a higher DON in the bay and estuary and lower in offshore. DON concentrations distribute in order of Tongan Bay > West waters > Jiulong River Estuary adjacent waters > Southeast waters >Dadeng waters in autumn and West waters > Tongan Bay > Jiulong River Estuary adjacent waters > Southeast waters> Dadeng waters in winter. The ratio of CDON/CTDNin autumn and winter is 56% and 53%,respectively and is generally high in offshore waters than the waters in estuary and inner bay. The analysis showed a significant negative correlation between DON and salinity in autumn and winter and significant positive correlations with phosphate and silicate content. Besides,it correlates with chlorophyll a,dissolved oxygen and p H. The source of DON in Xiamen waters is mainly from terrestrial input of Jiulong River,urban sewage,industrial and agricultural wastes besides the phytoplankton activities.
Based on water quality surveys conducted in Xiamen waters in October 2015( autumn) and January 2016( winter),the temporal and spatial distribution of dissolved organic nitrogen( DON),the composition of total dissolved nitrogen( TDN),the correlation between DON and environmental factors and the sources are studied and discussed. The results show that the average concentration of DON is higher in winter than autumn and DON is higher in surface than bottom showing a higher DON in the bay and estuary and lower in offshore. DON concentrations distribute in order of Tongan Bay > West waters > Jiulong River Estuary adjacent waters > Southeast waters >Dadeng waters in autumn and West waters > Tongan Bay > Jiulong River Estuary adjacent waters > Southeast waters> Dadeng waters in winter. The ratio of CDON/CTDNin autumn and winter is 56% and 53%,respectively and is generally high in offshore waters than the waters in estuary and inner bay. The analysis showed a significant negative correlation between DON and salinity in autumn and winter and significant positive correlations with phosphate and silicate content. Besides,it correlates with chlorophyll a,dissolved oxygen and p H. The source of DON in Xiamen waters is mainly from terrestrial input of Jiulong River,urban sewage,industrial and agricultural wastes besides the phytoplankton activities.
引文
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[3]李绪录,张军晓,史华明,等.深圳湾及邻近沿岸水域总溶解氮的分布、组成和来源及氮形态的转化[J].环境科学学报,2014,34(8):2017-2017.
[4]Berman T,Bronk D A.Dissolved organic nitrogen:a dynamic participant in aquatic ecosystems[J].Aquatic microbial ecology,2003,31(3):279-305.
[5]Boyer E W,Howarth R W,Galloway J N,et al.Riverine nitrogen export from the continents to the coasts[J].Global Biogeochemical Cycles,2006,20(1):1-9.
[6]Berman T,Chava S.Algal growth on organic compounds as nitrogen sources[J].Journal of Plankton Research,1999,21(8):1 423-1 437.
[7]Wiegner T N,Seitzinger S P.Seasonal bioavailability of dissolved organic carbon and nitrogen from pristine and polluted freshwater wetlands[J].Limnology and Oceanography,2004,49(5):1 703-1 712.
[8]Mc Callister S L,Bauer J E,Canuel E A.Bioreactivity of estuarine dissolved organic matter:a combined geochemical and microbiological approach[J].Limnology and Oceanography,2006,51(1):94-100.
[9]Seitzinger S P,Sanders R W,Styles R.Bioavailability of DON from natural and anthropogenic sources to estuarine plankton[J].Limnology and Oceanography,2002,47(2):353-366.
[10]Antia N J,Harrison P J,Oliveira L.The role of dissolved organic nitrogen in phytoplankton nutrition,cell biology and ecology[J].Phycologia,1991,30(1):1-89.
[11]Paerl H W.Coastal eutrophication and harmful algal blooms:Importance of atmospheric deposition and groundwater as“new”nitrogen and other nutrient sources[J].Limnology and oceanography,1997,42(5):1 154-1 165.
[12]Seitzinger S P,Sanders R W.Contribution of dissolved organic nitrogen from rivers to estuarine eutrophication[J].Marine Ecology Progress Series,1997,159:1-12.
[13]Wu L F,Chen P C,Lee C M.The effects of nitrogen sources and temperature on cell growth and lipid accumulation of microalgae[J].International Biodeterioration&Biodegradation,2013,85:506-510.
[14]Glibert P M,Terlizzi D E.Cooccurrence of elevated urea levels and dinoflagellate blooms in temperate estuarine aquaculture ponds[J].Applied and Environmental Microbiology,1999,65(12):5 594-5 596.
[15]Berg G M,Glibert P M,Jrgensen N O G,et al.Variability in inorganic and organic nitrogen uptake associated with riverine nutrient input in the Gulf of Riga,Baltic Sea[J].Estuaries,2001,24(2):204-214.
[16]谢森扬,王金坑,王翠.九龙江口—厦门湾悬沙浓度及多岔口潮汐汊道泥沙输运的数值模拟[J].水动力学研究与进展,31(2):188-201.
[17]魏珈,郭卫东,王志恒,等.降雨事件对不同流域背景河流DOM组成及入海通量的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2016,35(4):737-744.
[18]Chen B,Ji W,Chen J,et al.Characteristics of nutrients in the Jiulong River and its impact on Xiamen Water,China[J].Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology,2013,31(5):1 055-1 063.
[19]Yan X L,Zhai W D,Hong H S,et al.Distribution,fluxes and decadal changes of nutrients in the Jiulong River Estuary,Southwest Taiwan Strait[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2012,57(18):2 307-2 318.
[20]黄海宁,林彩,孙秀武.2009年夏季九龙江口表层水主要化学要素的含量分布和来源分析[J].台湾海峡,2012,31(2):261-267.
[21]张元标,林辉.厦门西海域营养盐含量的长期变化及其预测模型研究[J].台湾海峡,2008,27(4):499-503.
[22]陈宝红,林辉,张春华.厦门海域水体无机氮和活性磷酸盐含量的变化趋势[J].台湾海峡,2010,29(3):314-319.
[23]林辉,张元标.厦门西海域水质状况及其环境容量评估[J].台湾海峡,2008,27(2):214-220.
[24]暨卫东.厦门马銮湾有机污染、富营养化状况下的生化关系[J].海洋学报,1998,20(1):134-143.
[25]蒋荣根,贺青,邝伟明.厦门海域水体富营养化状况综合评价[J].海洋与湖沼,2014,45(4):710-718.
[26]陈宝红,陈长平,陈金民.厦门海域营养盐含量和比率变化及其对浮游植物群落的影响[J].台湾海峡,2012,31(2):246-253.
[27]国家海洋局.GB/T 12763.2—2007海洋调查规范第2部分:海洋水文观测[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2007.
[28]国家海洋局.GB 17378.3—2007海洋监测规范第3部分:样品采集、贮存与运输[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2007.
[29]国家海洋局.GB/T 12763.2—2007海洋调查规范第4部分:海水化学要素调查[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2007.
[30]国家海洋局.GB/T 12763.2—2007海洋调查规范第6部分:海洋生物调查[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2007.
[31]Badr E S A,Achterberg E P,Tappin A D,et al.Determination of dissolved organic nitrogen in natural waters using high-temperature catalytic oxidation[J].Tr AC Trends in Analytical Chemistry,2003,22(11):819-827.
[32]Lee E S,Krothe N C.A four-component mixing model for water in a karst terrain in south-central Indiana,USA.Using solute concentration and stable isotopes as tracers[J].Chemical Geology,2001,179(1):129-143.
[33]李绪录,张军晓,周毅频.2000~2010年大鹏湾溶解有机氮的时空分布[J].中国环境科学,2013,33(10):1 799-1 807.
[34]石晓勇,张桂成,梁生康.长江大通站溶解有机氮生物可利用性潜力及输入通量[J].中国环境科学,2015,35(12):3 698-3 706.
[35]Jones D L,Willett V B.Experimental evaluation of methods to quantify dissolved organic nitrogen(DON)and dissolved organic carbon(DOC)in soil[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2006,38(5):991-999.
[36]Martinelli L A,Coletta L D,Ravagnani E C,et al.Dissolved nitrogen in rivers:comparing pristine and impacted regions of Brazil[J].Brazilian Journal of Biology,2010,70(3):709-722.
[37]Czerwionka K.Influence of dissolved organic nitrogen on surface waters[J].Oceanologia,2016,58(1):39-45.
[38]Glibert P M,Harrison J,Heil C,et al.Escalating worldwide use of urea-a global change contributing to coastal eutrophication[J].Biogeochemistry,2006,77(3):441-463.
[39]孔秀君,张鹏,杨南南,等.环胶州湾污水处理厂排放口溶解有机氮生物可利用潜力研究[J].环境科学,2013,37(3):854-861.
[40]赵夕旦,祝陈坚,举鹏,等.胶州湾东部海水中氮的含量和分布[J].海洋科学,1998,22(1):40-43.
[41]张述伟,王江涛,李宁,等.2010年春季长江口邻近海区水体中溶解有机碳、氮的分布特征及其影响因素[J].海洋环境科学,2013,32(1):33-38.
[42]王先伟,温伟英,刘翠梅.珠江口及附近海域夏季氮的化学形式分布研究[J].海洋科学,2003,27(4):49-53.
[43]韦蔓新,范航清,何本茂,等.广西海湾红树林区海水中氮的生物地球化学特征及其生态效应[J].湿地科学,2014,12(4):441-450.
[44]Badr E S A,Tappin A D,Achterberg E P.Distributions and seasonal variability of dissolved organic nitrogen in two estuaries in SW England[J].Marine Chemistry,2008,110(3):153-164.
[45]Butler E I,Knox S,Liddicoat M I.The relationship between inorganic and organic nutrients in sea water[J].Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom,1979,59(1):239-250.
[46]丁东生,石晓勇,曲克明,等.2008年秋季胶州湾两航次生源要素的分布特征及其来源初步探讨[J].海洋科学,2013,37(1):35-41.
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