气候适应性视角下的河道空间城市设计评价和策略研究——以广州市荔枝湾涌改造一期工程为例
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摘要
河道空间的优化改造作为城市人居环境与社会多元价值提升的手段在我国南方地区被大量运用,其周边将随之汇集大量人口和丰富的活动。本文在应对全球性气候变化的大背景下,关注河道空间对城市微气候的影响,讨论如何最大化其对密集城市的微气候的调节作用,探讨基于人体舒适度提升城市设计的评价方法和策略。以广州市具代表性的河道工程荔枝湾涌一期为例,综合考虑外界盛行风、自然对流和热辐射等多重作用机制的影响,采用微气候模拟软件Envimet,对改造前、改造后的风环境和人体舒适度进行比较,总结出在河道空间城市设计中建立气候适应性评价机制的必要性与策略,并尝试探讨优化模式,探索从人体舒适度的角度出发,在量化、实证的基础上,建立南方地区河道空间设计可操作的城市设计方法和策略。
In southern China,plenty of watercou rse development projects have been implemented to improve qualities of urban life and social diversity,which results in rapidly increase of population and human activities.In response to context of global climate change,this paper pays attention to effect of watercourse on urban microclimate,specifically studies methods of maximizing adaptations on dense microclimates,and then discusses urban design evaluation methodology and strategy based on improvement of body comfort.Taking Guangzhou Lichi Bay Refine Project(Phase I) as case study,this paper comprehensively integrates effects from multiple mechanisms,namely prevailing winds,natural convection and thermal radiation.Microclimate simulation software has been applied to compare the wind environment and human comfort before and after refinement in order to draw conclusions of necessity to establish evaluation system of climate adaptability and strategy.Furthermore,from perspective of human comfort,the paper attempts to optimize modes of operational urban design and strategy for southern China watercourse space that refers to quantization and substantiation
In southern China,plenty of watercou rse development projects have been implemented to improve qualities of urban life and social diversity,which results in rapidly increase of population and human activities.In response to context of global climate change,this paper pays attention to effect of watercourse on urban microclimate,specifically studies methods of maximizing adaptations on dense microclimates,and then discusses urban design evaluation methodology and strategy based on improvement of body comfort.Taking Guangzhou Lichi Bay Refine Project(Phase I) as case study,this paper comprehensively integrates effects from multiple mechanisms,namely prevailing winds,natural convection and thermal radiation.Microclimate simulation software has been applied to compare the wind environment and human comfort before and after refinement in order to draw conclusions of necessity to establish evaluation system of climate adaptability and strategy.Furthermore,from perspective of human comfort,the paper attempts to optimize modes of operational urban design and strategy for southern China watercourse space that refers to quantization and substantiation
引文
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[18]HUTTNER S.Further development and application of the 3D microclimate simulation ENVI-met[J].Mainz:Johannes Gutenberg-Universitat in Mainz,2012,147.
[19]黄翼.城市滨水空间设计要素[J].城市规划,2002(10):68-72.
[20]刘滨谊,林俊.城市滨水带环境小气候与空间断面关系研究--以上海苏州河滨水带为例[J].风景园林,2015(06):46-54.
[2]刘滨谊,林俊.城市滨水带环境小气候与空间断面关系研究--以上海苏州河滨水带为例[J].风景园林,2015(06):46-54.
[3]李书严,轩春怡,李伟,等.城市中水体的微气候效应研究[J].大气科学,2008(03):552-560.
[4]杨凯,唐敏,刘源,等.上海中心城区河流及水体周边小气候效应分析[J].华东师范大学学报(自然科学版),2004(03):105-114.
[5]宋菊芳,陶旭.滨水景观空间适应性设计研究--以随州市电子河为例[J].园林,2017(02):34-38.
[6]齐静静,刘京,郭亮.大型城市河流对城市气候影响的实测研究[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报,2011(10):56-59.
[7]纪鹏,朱春阳,李树华.城市河道绿带宽度对空气温湿度的影响[J].植物生态学报,2013(01):37-44.
[8]翟宝黔,李留振.河岸带不同植被的小气候对光照强度的影响[J].四川林业科技,2010(06):61-63.
[9]翟俊.走向人工自然的新范式--从生态设计到设计生态[J].新建筑,2013(04):16-19.
[10]苏文强.李迪华.微观尺度下绿色基础设施的景观设计途径[J].南方建筑,2017(03):13-17.
[11]俞孔坚,李迪华,袁弘,等.“海绵城市”理论与实践[J].城市规划,2015,39(06):26-36.
[12]袁敬诚,张伶伶.欧洲城市滨河景观规划的生态思想与实践[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2013.
[13]PIERANUNZID,RIEFS,STEINER F.“可持续场地评估体系”在增强城市和区域水弹性的应用[J].吕琳,秦晓青,译.南方建筑.2015(03):14-25.
[14]费文源.多功能城市人工水系布局优化模型与应用研究[D].天津:天津大学,2014.
[15]潘建非.基于城市更新视角的旧城中心区水系整治--以广州荔枝湾涌、东濠涌为例[J].中国园林,2012(03):62-65.
[16]HOPPE P.The physiological equivalent temperature-a universal index for the biometeorological assessment of the thermal environment[J].International Journal of Biometeorology,1999,43(02):71-75.
[17]MATZARAKIS A,MAYER H,IZIOMON M G.Applications of a universal thermal index:physiological equivalent temperature[J].International Journal of Biometeorology,1999,43(02):76-84.
[18]HUTTNER S.Further development and application of the 3D microclimate simulation ENVI-met[J].Mainz:Johannes Gutenberg-Universitat in Mainz,2012,147.
[19]黄翼.城市滨水空间设计要素[J].城市规划,2002(10):68-72.
[20]刘滨谊,林俊.城市滨水带环境小气候与空间断面关系研究--以上海苏州河滨水带为例[J].风景园林,2015(06):46-54.