约束系统对不同体型女性驾驶人的保护研究
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摘要
为提高轿车正面碰撞中约束系统对不同体型女性驾驶人的保护效果,依据美国国家高速公路交通安全管理局(NHTSA)的一例实车碰撞试验数据,基于Madymo软件建立有效的驾驶侧仿真模型。利用人体放缩法建立符合中国成年女性身体尺寸的第5、50和95百分位的女性驾驶人模型,以正交试验法进行仿真试验,研究转向管柱倾角、座椅高度、安全带上挂点高度、座椅靠背倾角以及气囊点爆时间等参数的匹配对女性驾驶人损伤的影响。结果表明:女性驾驶人体型越高大,其整体损伤(WIC)值越低;约束系统模型优化后,能明显降低小身材和中等身材女性驾驶人WIC值。
For the sake of improving the protection effect of the restraint system in a frontal collision of cars on different body shape female drivers,an effective model was established by Madymo according to data obtained from a real vehicle crash test by National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. A female model of the 5 th,50 th,and 95 th percentiles' body size of Chinese adult females was established. Then the orthogonal test method was used for the simulation test to study the match of steering column inclination,height of the chair and seatbelt,angle of the backrest to chair and the time of the airbag's point-burst that have impact on female drivers. The results show that the higher and larger the female body type is,the lower the WIC will be,and that the optimized restraint system model can significantly reduce the WIC value of female drivers with small or medium size.
For the sake of improving the protection effect of the restraint system in a frontal collision of cars on different body shape female drivers,an effective model was established by Madymo according to data obtained from a real vehicle crash test by National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. A female model of the 5 th,50 th,and 95 th percentiles' body size of Chinese adult females was established. Then the orthogonal test method was used for the simulation test to study the match of steering column inclination,height of the chair and seatbelt,angle of the backrest to chair and the time of the airbag's point-burst that have impact on female drivers. The results show that the higher and larger the female body type is,the lower the WIC will be,and that the optimized restraint system model can significantly reduce the WIC value of female drivers with small or medium size.
引文
[1]中华人民共和国国家统计局.数据查询[EB/OL].(2018-05-13).http://data.stats.gov.cn/easyquery.htmcn=C01&zb=A0S0D01&sj=2015.
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[9]潘如杨,王桃英,郭庆祥.女性汽车驾驶员正面碰撞伤害分析及安全性能优化[J].汽车实用技术,2014(4):46-51.PAN Ruyang,WANG Taoying,GUO Qingxiang.Analysis and optimizing the performance of female driver during the frontal crash[J].Autombile Applied Technology,2014(4):46-51.
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[11]唐灿,李平飞,黄海波,等.汽车正面碰撞中驾驶人坐姿对其损伤影响研究[J].中国安全科学学报,2017,27(3):54-58.TANG Can,LI Pingfei,HUANG Haibo,et al.Research on effect of posture on injury to driver in frontal collision[J].China Safety Science Journal,2017,27(3):54-58.
[12]GB 10000-1988,中国成年人人体尺寸[S].GB 10000-1988,Human dimensions of Chinese adults[S].
[2]公安部交通管理局.中华人民共和国道路交通事故统计年报[R],2015.
[3]HAMID M S,NARAYANASAMY N,SHAH M J,et al.Systems approach in development of adaptive energy absorbing steering columns by virtual engineering[C].SAE Technical Paper,2005:69-75.
[4]PAULO M,BLINDER L,AKIOSSI A,et al.Effectiveness of a vehicle restraint system considering different anthropometric human standards[C].SAE Technical Paper,2010:37-43.
[5]DEGUCHI T,KAORU T.Design sensitivity study of passenger airbag shape to meet head restraint performance for different occupant size in frontal impact[C].Proceedings of the 23thConference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles(ESV),2013:44-49.
[6]曹立波,戴黄伟,张瑞锋,等.乘用车座椅靠背角对乘员碰撞安全性的影响分析[J].汽车工程,2016,36(12):1 461-1 465.CAO Libo,DAI Huangwei,ZHANG Ruifeng,et al.An analysis on the influence of seat backrest angle on occupant crash safety[J].Automotive Engineering,2016,36(12):1 461-1 465.
[7]葛如海,傅靖江,吕玫,等.40%正面偏置碰撞小身材驾驶员的安全性研究[J].广西大学学报:自然科学版,2016,41(2):355-362.GE Ruhai,FU Jingjiang,LYU Mei,et al.Research on small body driver safety in car 40%offset collision[J].Journal of Guangxi University:Natural Science Edition,2016,41(2):355-362.
[8]唐友名,颜凌波,罗骞,等.正面碰撞中小身材女性驾乘人员损伤防护研究[J].汽车工程,2016,38(12):1 452-1 458.TANG Youming,YAN Lingbo,LUO Qian,et al.A study on injury protection of female driver and occupant with small stature in frontal crash[J].Automotive Engineering,2016,38(12):1 452-1 458.
[9]潘如杨,王桃英,郭庆祥.女性汽车驾驶员正面碰撞伤害分析及安全性能优化[J].汽车实用技术,2014(4):46-51.PAN Ruyang,WANG Taoying,GUO Qingxiang.Analysis and optimizing the performance of female driver during the frontal crash[J].Autombile Applied Technology,2014(4):46-51.
[10]ZHANG Jinhuan,YANG Jie,JIN Xin,et al.Differences of anthropometric dimensions between Chinese and American and the effects on drivers'injury risks in vehicle frontal crash[J].Journal of Automotive Safety and Energy,2016,7(2):175-181.
[11]唐灿,李平飞,黄海波,等.汽车正面碰撞中驾驶人坐姿对其损伤影响研究[J].中国安全科学学报,2017,27(3):54-58.TANG Can,LI Pingfei,HUANG Haibo,et al.Research on effect of posture on injury to driver in frontal collision[J].China Safety Science Journal,2017,27(3):54-58.
[12]GB 10000-1988,中国成年人人体尺寸[S].GB 10000-1988,Human dimensions of Chinese adults[S].