热带西太平洋帆蜥鱼胃含物组成分析
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摘要
根据中国金枪鱼延绳钓渔业观察员于2017年9月至2018年1月在热带西太平洋(165°45′E～178°00′W,03°02′S～18°34′S)采集的138尾帆蜥鱼(Alepisaurus ferox)样本,对其胃含物组成进行了研究。结果显示,帆蜥鱼胃含物中共鉴定出61种(类)生物,分属鱼类、软体动物、甲壳类、多毛类、刺胞动物和海樽类等6大类44科。此外,还观察到了同类相食现象以及塑料垃圾。胃含物的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H')为2.71,Pielou均匀度指数(J')为0.67,饵料优势指数(D)为0.12。相对重要性指数(IRI)分析结果显示软体动物为帆蜥鱼的主要食物,其IRI为7 573.31,占IRI总和百分比(IRI%)为53.11%。在科一级水平上,褶胸鱼科、帆蜥鱼科、龙骨螺科、翼管螺科、单盘蛸科、爪乌贼科、刺虾科、宽腿鰯科、Eurytheneidae和浮沙蚕科为其优势饵料。
We investigated the composition of the stomach contents of 138 longnose lancetfish(Alepisaurus ferox) collected from September 2017 to January 2018 by the Chinese Longline Fisheries Observer Programme in the western tropical Pacific Ocean(165°45′E-178°00′W, 03°02′S-18°34′S). A total of 61 species from 44 families, belonging to six prey groups(Fish, Mollusca, Crustacea, Polychaeta, Cnidaria and Thaliacea) were identified. Cannibalism and plastic debris ingestion were also observed. The obtained values of Shannon-Wiener diversity index(H'), Pielou evenness index(J') and dominance index(D) of A. ferox's diet composition were 2.71, 0.67 and 0.12, respectively. The result of index of relative importance(IRI) analysis indicates that Mollusca was the dominant prey with IRI of 7 573.31 which accounted for 53.11% of total IRI. At family level, Sternoptychidae, Alepisauridae, Carinariidae, Pterotracheidae, Bolitaenidae, Onychoteuthidae, Oplophoridae, Platyscelidae, Eurytheneidae and Alciopidae were the most important preys of A. ferox.
We investigated the composition of the stomach contents of 138 longnose lancetfish(Alepisaurus ferox) collected from September 2017 to January 2018 by the Chinese Longline Fisheries Observer Programme in the western tropical Pacific Ocean(165°45′E-178°00′W, 03°02′S-18°34′S). A total of 61 species from 44 families, belonging to six prey groups(Fish, Mollusca, Crustacea, Polychaeta, Cnidaria and Thaliacea) were identified. Cannibalism and plastic debris ingestion were also observed. The obtained values of Shannon-Wiener diversity index(H'), Pielou evenness index(J') and dominance index(D) of A. ferox's diet composition were 2.71, 0.67 and 0.12, respectively. The result of index of relative importance(IRI) analysis indicates that Mollusca was the dominant prey with IRI of 7 573.31 which accounted for 53.11% of total IRI. At family level, Sternoptychidae, Alepisauridae, Carinariidae, Pterotracheidae, Bolitaenidae, Onychoteuthidae, Oplophoridae, Platyscelidae, Eurytheneidae and Alciopidae were the most important preys of A. ferox.
引文
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[18]CORTES E. A critical review of methods of studying fish feeding based on analysis of stomach contents:application to elasmobranch fishes[J]. Can J Fish Aquat Sci, 1997, 54:726-738.
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[24]林璟翔.西印度洋大目鲔食性之研究[D].台北:国立中山大学,2012:8-18.
[25]POTIER M, MARSAC F, CHEREL Y, et al. Forage fauna in the diet of three large pelagic fishes(lancetfish, swordfish and yellowfin tuna)in the western equatorial Indian Ocean[J]. Fish Res,2007, 83(1):60-72.
[26]HIDAKA K, KAWAGUCHI K, TANABE T, et al. Biomass and taxonomic composition of micronekton in the western tropicalsubtropical Pacific[J]. Fish Oceanogr, 2003, 12(2):112-125.
[27]殷名称.鱼类生态学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2007:64-71.
[28]ROMANOV E V, MENARD F, ZAMOROV V V. Variability in conspecific predation among longnoselancetfish Alepisaurus ferox in the western Indian Ocean[J]. Fish Sci, 2008, 74(1):62-68.
[29]ROMANOV E V,ZAMOROV V V. First record of a yellowfin tuna(Thunnus albacares)from the stomach of a longnose lancetfish(Alepisaurus ferox)[J]. Fish Bull, 2002, 100(2):386-389.
[30]BERTRAND A, BARD F X, JOSSE E, et al. Tuna food habits related to the micronekton distribution in French Polynesia[J]. Mar Biol,2002, 140:1023-1037.
[31]耿喆,朱江峰,戴小杰.东太平洋公海大青鲨的胃含物组成研究[J].南方水产科学,2016, 12(6):68-75.
[32]郑晓春,戴小杰,朱江峰,等.太平洋中东部海域大眼金枪鱼胃含物分析[J].南方水产科学,2015, 11(1):75-80.
[33]MENARD F, POTIER M, JAQUEMET S, et al. Pelagic cephalopods in the western Indian Ocean:new information from diets of top predators[J]. Deep Sea Res PtⅡ,2013, 95:83-92.
[34]CHOY C A, PORTNER E, IWANE M, et al. Diets of five important predatory mesopelagic fishes of the central North Pacific[J].Mar Ecol Prog Ser, 2013, 492:169.
[2]戴小杰.世界金枪鱼渔业渔获物物种原色图鉴[M].北京:海洋出版社,2007:204-205.
[3]POTIER M, MENARD F, CHEREL Y. Role of pelagic crustaceans in the diet of the longnose lancetfish(Alepisaurus ferox)in the Seychelles waters[J]. Afr J Mar Sci, 2007,29(1):113-122.
[4]WU F,KINDONG R,TIAN S Q,et al. The development of length-weight relationships for four pelagic fish species in the tropical northwest Pacific Ocean[J]. J Appl Ichthyol, 2018, 34(3):717-719.
[5]ROMANOV E V, ZAMOROV V V. Regional feeding patterns of the longnose lancetfish(Alepisaurus ferox Lowe, 1833)of the western Indian Ocean[J]. J Mar Sci, 2007, 6(1):37-56.
[6]FUJITA K, HATTORI J. Stomach content analysis of longnose lancetfish, Alepisaurus ferox in the eastern Indian Ocean and the Coral Sea[J]. Jap J Ichthyol, 1976, 23(3):133-142.
[7]MATTHEWS F D, DAMKAER D M, KNAPP L W, et al. Food of western North Atlantic tunas(Thunnus)and lancetfishes(Alepisaurus)[R]. NOAA Tech Rep NMFS SSRF, 1977, 706:1-19.
[8]MOTEKI M, ARAI M, TSUCHIYA K, et al. Composition of piscine prey in the diet of large pelagic fish in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean[J]. Fish Sci, 2001, 67(6):1063-1074.
[9]PORTNER E J, POLO VINA J J, CHOY C A. Patterns in micronekton diversity across the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre observed from the diet of longnose lancetfish(Alepisaurus ferox)[J].Deep Sea Res Pt I, 2017, 125:40-51.
[10]JANTZ L A, MORISHIGE C L, BRULAND G L, et al. Ingestion of plastic marine debris by longnose lancetfish(Alepisaurus ferox)in the North Pacific Ocean[J]. Mar Pollut Bull, 2013, 69:97-104.
[11]WCPFC. Tuna Fishery Yearbook 2016[R]. Pohnpei, Federated States of Micronesia:Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission, 2016:142.
[12]DAMBACHER J M, YOUNG J W, OLSON R J, et al. Analyzing pelagic food webs leading to top predators in the Pacific Ocean:a graph-theoretic approach[J]. Prog Oceanogr,2010, 86(1/2):152-165.
[13]陈清潮.中国动物志无脊椎动物第二十八卷节肢动物门甲壳动物亚门端足目贼亚目[M].北京:科学出版社,2002:82-170.
[14]陈新军,刘必林,王尧耕.世界头足类[M].北京:海洋出版社,2009:132-588.
[15]董正之.世界大洋经济头足类生物学[M].济南:山东科学技术出版社,1991:38-131.
[16]东海水产研究所《东海深海鱼类》编写组.东海深海鱼类[M].上海:学林出版社,1988:95-336.
[17]OKUTANI T. Cuttlefishes and squids of the world(new edition)[M]. Tokyo, Japan:Tokai University Press, 2015:73-227.
[18]CORTES E. A critical review of methods of studying fish feeding based on analysis of stomach contents:application to elasmobranch fishes[J]. Can J Fish Aquat Sci, 1997, 54:726-738.
[19]KREBS C J. Ecological methodology[M]. 2nd ed. Petaluma:Addison Wesley Longman, 1999:620-620.
[20]ROBERTS D C, STEWART L A, STRUTHERS D C. The fishes of New Zealand Volum Two[M]. Wellington, New Zealand:Te Papa Press, 2015:446-468.
[21]徐兆礼.东海浮游翼足类(pteropods)种类组成和多样性研究[J].生物多样性,2005, 13(2):168-173.
[22]徐兆礼.东海浮游异足类环境适应分析[J].中国水产科学,2007,14(6):932-938.
[23]BURRIDGE A K, GOETZE E, WALL P D, et al. Diversity and abundance of pteropods and heteropods along a latitudinal gradient across the Atlantic Ocean[J]. Prog Oceanogr, 2017, 158:213-223.
[24]林璟翔.西印度洋大目鲔食性之研究[D].台北:国立中山大学,2012:8-18.
[25]POTIER M, MARSAC F, CHEREL Y, et al. Forage fauna in the diet of three large pelagic fishes(lancetfish, swordfish and yellowfin tuna)in the western equatorial Indian Ocean[J]. Fish Res,2007, 83(1):60-72.
[26]HIDAKA K, KAWAGUCHI K, TANABE T, et al. Biomass and taxonomic composition of micronekton in the western tropicalsubtropical Pacific[J]. Fish Oceanogr, 2003, 12(2):112-125.
[27]殷名称.鱼类生态学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2007:64-71.
[28]ROMANOV E V, MENARD F, ZAMOROV V V. Variability in conspecific predation among longnoselancetfish Alepisaurus ferox in the western Indian Ocean[J]. Fish Sci, 2008, 74(1):62-68.
[29]ROMANOV E V,ZAMOROV V V. First record of a yellowfin tuna(Thunnus albacares)from the stomach of a longnose lancetfish(Alepisaurus ferox)[J]. Fish Bull, 2002, 100(2):386-389.
[30]BERTRAND A, BARD F X, JOSSE E, et al. Tuna food habits related to the micronekton distribution in French Polynesia[J]. Mar Biol,2002, 140:1023-1037.
[31]耿喆,朱江峰,戴小杰.东太平洋公海大青鲨的胃含物组成研究[J].南方水产科学,2016, 12(6):68-75.
[32]郑晓春,戴小杰,朱江峰,等.太平洋中东部海域大眼金枪鱼胃含物分析[J].南方水产科学,2015, 11(1):75-80.
[33]MENARD F, POTIER M, JAQUEMET S, et al. Pelagic cephalopods in the western Indian Ocean:new information from diets of top predators[J]. Deep Sea Res PtⅡ,2013, 95:83-92.
[34]CHOY C A, PORTNER E, IWANE M, et al. Diets of five important predatory mesopelagic fishes of the central North Pacific[J].Mar Ecol Prog Ser, 2013, 492:169.