安徽水阳江流域2017年旧石器考古调查简报
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摘要
2017年12月至2018年1月,安徽省文物考古研究所和中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所在安徽水阳江流域开展旧石器考古调查工作,新发现15处旧石器地点,获得56件石制品。石制品可分为剥片类、废片类和打击类三大类。剥片类(包括石核、小型修理工具和大型切割工具)43件,石核类型有随意石核、准石球、盘状石核、多面体石核、砸击石核、石核刮削器、重型刮削器、单面和两面砍砸器等;小型工具1件,为尖状器;大型切割工具4件,手斧和手镐各2件。废片类10件,有I型、II型和III型石片、砸击石片、碎片和碎屑;打击类2件,包括石锤和石砧各1件。石制品原料以石英岩为主,其次为石英、燧石、安山岩和玄武岩等,原料多为河流砾石,就地取材。石核剥片与工具修理以锤击法为主,少量为砸击法产生。这批石制品埋藏于水阳江及其支流两岸的第二、三级阶地,石制品主要埋藏于网纹红土层中,依据已有工作初步推测,新发现地点的时代主要为中更新世中、晚期;其中五磁地点埋藏于灰黄色-灰白色黏土中的石制品应为晚更新世。大型切割工具的发现表明该地区存在模式2技术,这为探求早期人类在长江下游的扩散和技术发展模式具有重要意义。
This report presents the preliminary results of a Paleolithic survey in the Shuiyangjiang River system,Anhui Province.The investigation was conducted by the Institute of Archaeology and Cultural Relics of Anhui Province and the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology,Chinese Academy of Sciences.A total of 15 new localities was discovered and confirmed,mainly buried in the 2 nd and 3 rd terraces of Shuiyangjiang River and its branches.Typologically,these lithic artifacts include Pounded Pieces(stone hammer and anvil),Flaked Pieces(casual cores,discoids,polyhedrons,heavy-duty scrapers,core-scrapers,unifacial or bifacial choppers and point),and Detached Pieces(flakes,bipolar products,and chips etc).The raw materials used for making these lithic artifacts are mainly quartzite,which are available as pebbles in nearby river gravels.Almost all of the lithic artifacts made in quartzite are heavily abraded and weathered,which indicates that these sites are formed by river flow.According to geomorphological and stratigraphic comparisons,these newly discovered localities may be dated to the Middle Pleistocene.Only one locality named Wuci may belong to the Late Pleistocene.The absolute age of these localities will be obtained in future with the OSL dating method.It should be noted that several unifacial handaxes and picks imply that Mode 2 technology most probably existed in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River system,which is significant for studying early human dispersal and technological development in China.
This report presents the preliminary results of a Paleolithic survey in the Shuiyangjiang River system,Anhui Province.The investigation was conducted by the Institute of Archaeology and Cultural Relics of Anhui Province and the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology,Chinese Academy of Sciences.A total of 15 new localities was discovered and confirmed,mainly buried in the 2 nd and 3 rd terraces of Shuiyangjiang River and its branches.Typologically,these lithic artifacts include Pounded Pieces(stone hammer and anvil),Flaked Pieces(casual cores,discoids,polyhedrons,heavy-duty scrapers,core-scrapers,unifacial or bifacial choppers and point),and Detached Pieces(flakes,bipolar products,and chips etc).The raw materials used for making these lithic artifacts are mainly quartzite,which are available as pebbles in nearby river gravels.Almost all of the lithic artifacts made in quartzite are heavily abraded and weathered,which indicates that these sites are formed by river flow.According to geomorphological and stratigraphic comparisons,these newly discovered localities may be dated to the Middle Pleistocene.Only one locality named Wuci may belong to the Late Pleistocene.The absolute age of these localities will be obtained in future with the OSL dating method.It should be noted that several unifacial handaxes and picks imply that Mode 2 technology most probably existed in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River system,which is significant for studying early human dispersal and technological development in China.
引文
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[17]Yi S.Handaxes in the Imjin Basin:Diversity and Variability in the Eastern Asian Paleolithic[M].Seoul:Seoul National University Press,2011
[18]Hou YM,R Potts,Yuan BY,et al.Mid-Pleisocene Acheulean-like stone technology of the Bose Basin,South China[J].Science,2000,287(5458):1622-1626
[19]Kuman K,Li CR,Li H.Large cutting tools in the Danjiangkou Reservoir Region,central China[J].Journal of Human Evolution,2014,76:129-153
[20]Wang SJ.Perspectives on hominid behaviour and settlement patterns:A study of the Lower Paleolithic sites in the Luonan Basin,China[M].Oxford:BAR International Series 1406,2005
[21]王社江,孙雪峰,鹿化煜,等.汉水上游汉中盆地新发现的旧石器及其年代[J].人类学学报,2014,33(2):125-136
[22]Yang SX,Huang WW,Hou YM,et al.Is the Dincun lithic assembly a“chopper-chopping tool industry”,or“Late Acheulean”?[J].Quanternary International,2014,321:3-11
[2]房迎三.皖南水阳江旧石器地点群调查简报[J].文物研究,1988(3):74-83
[3]房迎三.安徽省宣州市陈山旧石器地点1988年发掘报告[J].人类学学报,1997,16(2):96-106
[4]房迎三,杨达源,韩辉友,等.水阳江旧石器地点群埋藏学的初步研究[J].人类学学报,1992,11(2):134-142
[5]房迎三,黄蕴平,梁任又,等.安徽宁国毛竹山发现的旧石器早期遗存[J].人类学学报,2001,20(2):115-124
[6]韩立刚,吴强.安徽宁国安友庄发现一处旧石器时代早期遗址[N].中国文物报,2005-11-11(1)
[7]韩立刚.安徽宣城麻村羊山发现旧石器早期人类石器制造场[N].中国文物报,2005-05-06(1)
[8]齐长华,刘政.广德发掘一处旧石器时代遗址[N].中国文物报,1988-06-03(2)
[9]杨浩,赵其国,李小平,等.安徽宣城风成沉积--红土系列剖面ESR年代学研究[J].土壤学报,1996,33(3):293-300
[10]李徐生,杨达源,鹿化煜.皖南风尘堆积序列氧化物地球化学特征与古气候记录[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,1999,19(4):75-82
[11]袁宝印,夏正楷,李保生,等.中国南方红土年代地层学与地层划分问题[J].第四纪研究,2008,28(1):1-13
[12]Leaky MD.Olduvai Gorge,Volume 3:Excavations in Beds I and II,1960-1963[M].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1971
[13]Isaac GLl,Harris JWK,Marshall F.Small is informative:the application of the study of mini-sites and least effort criteria in the interpretation of the Early Pleistocene archaeological record at Koobi Fora,Kenya[A]//Proc.Union Internacional de Ciencias Prehistoricas Y Protohistoricas;X Congress[C].Mexico City,Mexico,1981,101-119
[14]裴树文.旧石器时代石制品室内观测项目探讨[A]//董为.第十四届中国古脊椎动物学学术年会论文集[C].北京:海洋出版社,2014,181-194
[15]Schick KD,Toth N,Wei Q,et al.Archaeological perspectives in the Nihewan basin,China[J].Journal of Human Evolution,1991,21:13-26
[16]Kuman K,Field AS.The Oldowan industry from Sterkfontein caves,South Afcica[A]//Schick K&Toth N(eds),The Cutting Edge:New Approaches to the Archaeology of Human Origins[M].Gosport,The Stone Age Institute Press,2010,151-169
[17]Yi S.Handaxes in the Imjin Basin:Diversity and Variability in the Eastern Asian Paleolithic[M].Seoul:Seoul National University Press,2011
[18]Hou YM,R Potts,Yuan BY,et al.Mid-Pleisocene Acheulean-like stone technology of the Bose Basin,South China[J].Science,2000,287(5458):1622-1626
[19]Kuman K,Li CR,Li H.Large cutting tools in the Danjiangkou Reservoir Region,central China[J].Journal of Human Evolution,2014,76:129-153
[20]Wang SJ.Perspectives on hominid behaviour and settlement patterns:A study of the Lower Paleolithic sites in the Luonan Basin,China[M].Oxford:BAR International Series 1406,2005
[21]王社江,孙雪峰,鹿化煜,等.汉水上游汉中盆地新发现的旧石器及其年代[J].人类学学报,2014,33(2):125-136
[22]Yang SX,Huang WW,Hou YM,et al.Is the Dincun lithic assembly a“chopper-chopping tool industry”,or“Late Acheulean”?[J].Quanternary International,2014,321:3-11