不同小麦品种茎秆抗倒特性及产量差异研究
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摘要
试验以鲁原502(LY502)、济麦22(JM22)、山农20(SN20)、济麦19(JM19)为材料,研究不同小麦品种茎秆抗倒特性及产量差异。结果表明,SN20和JM19株高显著高于LY502和JM22,重心高度以JM19最高,SN20次之,JM22和LY502较低。LY502单茎鲜重则显著高于SN20和JM19。节间壁厚表现为LY502、JM22﹥SN20﹥JM19;观察茎秆基部第二节间解剖结构发现,LY502秆壁厚度明显高于其它3个品种,细胞壁木质化程度较高,厚壁细胞层数多且排列紧密,大维管束数目较多。基部第二节间抗折力以LY502最高(3.14 N),分别比JM22、SN20和JM19增加15.4%、21.2%和61.9%。成熟期穗数SN20最高,LY502最低,但品种之间差异不显著;LY502的穗粒数比SN20增加12.6%;千粒重LY502最高(46.9 g),SN20次之,JM22和JM19较低;LY502籽粒产量为9 309.3 kg/hm~2,分别比JM22、SN20和JM19增产3.1%、5.7%和6.4%。综之,LY502不仅产量水平高,而且在抗倒伏方面具有较大优势,适宜大面积种植。
Using Luyuan 502(LY502), Jimai 22(JM22), Shannong 20(SN20) and Jimai 19(JM19) as materials, the differences of culm lodging resistance and yield among different wheat cultivars were studied. The results showed that the plant height of SN20 and JM19 were significantly higher than that of LY502 and JM22. The height of central gravity was the highest in JM19, followed by SN20, and the lowest in JM22 and LY502. The fresh weight per single stem of LY502 was significantly higher than that of SN20 and JM19. The internode wall thickness of SN20 was lower than that of LY502 and JM22, and higher than that of JM19. Observation of anatomical structure of the second basal internode showed that the thickness of stem wall of LY502 was significantly higher than that of the other three cultivars, and the cell wall lignification was higher;the thick-walled cell layers were more and arranged tightly, and the numbers of large vascular bundles were more. LY502 had the highest breaking strength(3.14 N) in the second basal internode, which was 15.4%, 21.2% and 61.9% higher than that of JM22, SN20 and JM19, respectively. At maturity, the spike number of SN20 was the highest and that of LY502 were the lowest, but there was no significant difference among cultivars. Compared with SN20, the grain number per spike of LY502 increased by 12.6%. LY502 had the highest thousand-grain weight(46.9 g), followed by SN20, and that of JM22 and JM19 was lower. The grain yield of LY502 was 9 309.3 kg/hm~2, which was 3.1%, 5.7% and 6.4% higher than that of JM22, SN20 and JM19, respectively. In summary, LY502 not only had a high yield level, but also had a great advantage in lodging resistance, which was suitable for large-scale planting.
Using Luyuan 502(LY502), Jimai 22(JM22), Shannong 20(SN20) and Jimai 19(JM19) as materials, the differences of culm lodging resistance and yield among different wheat cultivars were studied. The results showed that the plant height of SN20 and JM19 were significantly higher than that of LY502 and JM22. The height of central gravity was the highest in JM19, followed by SN20, and the lowest in JM22 and LY502. The fresh weight per single stem of LY502 was significantly higher than that of SN20 and JM19. The internode wall thickness of SN20 was lower than that of LY502 and JM22, and higher than that of JM19. Observation of anatomical structure of the second basal internode showed that the thickness of stem wall of LY502 was significantly higher than that of the other three cultivars, and the cell wall lignification was higher;the thick-walled cell layers were more and arranged tightly, and the numbers of large vascular bundles were more. LY502 had the highest breaking strength(3.14 N) in the second basal internode, which was 15.4%, 21.2% and 61.9% higher than that of JM22, SN20 and JM19, respectively. At maturity, the spike number of SN20 was the highest and that of LY502 were the lowest, but there was no significant difference among cultivars. Compared with SN20, the grain number per spike of LY502 increased by 12.6%. LY502 had the highest thousand-grain weight(46.9 g), followed by SN20, and that of JM22 and JM19 was lower. The grain yield of LY502 was 9 309.3 kg/hm~2, which was 3.1%, 5.7% and 6.4% higher than that of JM22, SN20 and JM19, respectively. In summary, LY502 not only had a high yield level, but also had a great advantage in lodging resistance, which was suitable for large-scale planting.
引文
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[4] 李金才,尹钧,魏凤珍.播种密度对冬小麦茎秆形态特征和抗倒指数的影响[J].作物学报,2005,31(5):662-666.
[5] 魏凤珍,李金才,王成雨,等.氮肥运筹模式对小麦茎秆抗倒性能的影响[J].作物学报,2008,34(6):1080-1085.
[6] 李华英,代兴龙,张宇,等.播期对冬小麦产量和抗倒性能的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2015,35(3):357-363.
[7] 李国辉,钟旭华,田卡,等.施氮对水稻茎秆抗倒伏能力的影响及其形态和力学机理[J].中国农业科学,2013,46(7):1323-1334.
[8] 王勇,李晴祺,李朝恒,等.小麦品种茎秆的质量及解剖学研究[J].作物学报,1998,24(4):452-458.
[9] Wiersma D W,Oplinger E S,Guy S O.Environment and cultivar effects on winter wheat response to ethephon plant growth regulator[J].Agronomy Journal,1986,78(5):761-764.
[10] 卢昆丽,尹燕枰,王振林,等.施氮期对小麦茎秆木质素合成的影响及其抗倒伏生理机制[J].作物学报,2014,40(9):1686-1694.
[2] Acreche M M,Slafer G A.Lodging yield penalties as affected by breeding in Mediterranean wheats[J].Field Crops Research,2011,122(1):40-48.
[3] Berry P M,Spink J.Predicting yield losses caused by lodging in wheat[J].Field Crops Research,2012,137:19-26.
[4] 李金才,尹钧,魏凤珍.播种密度对冬小麦茎秆形态特征和抗倒指数的影响[J].作物学报,2005,31(5):662-666.
[5] 魏凤珍,李金才,王成雨,等.氮肥运筹模式对小麦茎秆抗倒性能的影响[J].作物学报,2008,34(6):1080-1085.
[6] 李华英,代兴龙,张宇,等.播期对冬小麦产量和抗倒性能的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2015,35(3):357-363.
[7] 李国辉,钟旭华,田卡,等.施氮对水稻茎秆抗倒伏能力的影响及其形态和力学机理[J].中国农业科学,2013,46(7):1323-1334.
[8] 王勇,李晴祺,李朝恒,等.小麦品种茎秆的质量及解剖学研究[J].作物学报,1998,24(4):452-458.
[9] Wiersma D W,Oplinger E S,Guy S O.Environment and cultivar effects on winter wheat response to ethephon plant growth regulator[J].Agronomy Journal,1986,78(5):761-764.
[10] 卢昆丽,尹燕枰,王振林,等.施氮期对小麦茎秆木质素合成的影响及其抗倒伏生理机制[J].作物学报,2014,40(9):1686-1694.