地上竞争和光照对打碗花生长策略的影响
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摘要
以打碗花(Calystegia hederacea)为材料,使幼苗分别在地上竞争(有地上竞争和无地上竞争)和光照条件(强光照和弱光照)下生长,监测地上茎长、平均茎节长度随植株生长的变化,并在收获时测量各部分生物量以及产生分枝数目。结果表明,有地上竞争相比无地上竞争,地上茎相对生长速率更快,且茎叶生物量分配提高、根系生物量分配下降。弱光照处理相比强光照处理,地上茎相对生长速率更快,分枝数目更少,且茎叶生物量分配提高、根系生物量分配下降。以地上茎长为参考指标计算竞争强度,弱光下地上竞争的竞争强度是强光下的2倍;从生物量分配上看,ANOVA分析显示光照条件和竞争效应并无显著交互作用。此外,地上茎长度随时间而增加的同时,平均茎节长度却随时间轻微下降。
Taking Calystegia hederacea as material, the seedlings were grown under overground competition(with overground competition and without overground competition) and under light conditions(strong light and weak light), and the changes of overground stem length and average stem node length with plant growth were monitored. Biomass of each part and number of branches were measured at harvest. The results showed that compared with no above-ground competition, the relative growth rate of above-ground stems was faster, and the biomass distribution of stems and leaves was increased, while that of roots was decreased. The weak light treatment compared with the strong light treatment, the growth rate of the stems was faster,the number of branches was less, the biomass distribution of the stems and leaves was higher, and the biomass distribution of the roots was lower. The competition intensity was calculated by using the length of the overground stem as the reference index. In terms of biomass allocation, ANOVA analysis showed that there was no significant interaction between light condition and competitive effect. In addition, while the stem length increased with time, the average stem node length decreased slightly with time.
Taking Calystegia hederacea as material, the seedlings were grown under overground competition(with overground competition and without overground competition) and under light conditions(strong light and weak light), and the changes of overground stem length and average stem node length with plant growth were monitored. Biomass of each part and number of branches were measured at harvest. The results showed that compared with no above-ground competition, the relative growth rate of above-ground stems was faster, and the biomass distribution of stems and leaves was increased, while that of roots was decreased. The weak light treatment compared with the strong light treatment, the growth rate of the stems was faster,the number of branches was less, the biomass distribution of the stems and leaves was higher, and the biomass distribution of the roots was lower. The competition intensity was calculated by using the length of the overground stem as the reference index. In terms of biomass allocation, ANOVA analysis showed that there was no significant interaction between light condition and competitive effect. In addition, while the stem length increased with time, the average stem node length decreased slightly with time.
引文
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[3] BLOOM A J,CHAPIN F S,MOONEY H AШ. Resource limitation in plants-an economic analogy[J].Annual review of ecology and systematics,1985,16:363-392.
[4] HODGE A. The plastic plant:Root responses to heterogeneous supplies of nutrients[J].New phytologist,2004,162(1):9-24.
[5] GüNTHER W,FRANTISEK B. Biocommunication of plants[M].Berlin,Germany:Springer,2012.
[6] CAHILL J F,MC NICKLE G G,HAAG J J,et al. Plants integrate information about nutrients and neighbors[J].Science,2010,328(5986):1657.
[7] VALLADARES F,GIANOLI E,SALDA?A A. Climbing plants in a temperate rainforest understorey:Searching for high light or coping with deep shade?[J].Annals of botany,2011,108:231-239.
[8]李美,高兴祥,高宗军,等.15种除草剂防除打碗花、葎草效果评价[J].农药,2009,48(9):686-688.
[9]刘延,崔海兰,黄红娟,等.抗草甘膦杂草及其抗性机制研究进展[J].农药学学报,2008,10(1):10-14.
[10]邢广地,刘琳,石阿娟.玉米田防除打碗花药效对比试验[J].北京农业,2015(12):159.
[11]张身嗣.蓝莓园打碗花调查及其防治研究[J].安徽农业科学,2018,46(4):132-133,139.
[12]何功秀,张琳.湖南大围山区几种森林蔬菜营养成分分析[J].北方园艺,2009(10):77-79.
[13]赵永光,常丽新,刘红梅,等.冀东地区6种野菜的营养成分分析[J].安徽农业科学,2007,35(26):8179-8180.
[14]朱莉,苗文秀,李竟才,等.打碗花根状茎介导的自我/非我识别研究[J].湖北农业科学,2018,57(5):77-80.
[15]王平,王天慧,周道玮,等.植物地上竞争与地下竞争研究进展[J].生态学报,2007,27(8):3489-3499.
[16]赵则海.攀援角度对五爪金龙形态、生物量分配及相对生长速率的影响[J].生态环境,2008,17(2):758-762.
[17]朱莉.根系竞争和资源条件下对两品种春小麦生长繁殖的影响[D].北京:北京师范大学,2003.
[18] KI覷R L P,WEISBACH A N,WEINER J. Root and shoot competition:A meta-analysis[J].Journal of ecology,2013,101(5):1298-1312.
[19] WANG P,WEINER J,CAHILL J F,et al. Shoot competition,root competition and reproductive allocation in Chenopodium acuminatum[J].Journal of ecology,2014,102(6):1688-1696.
[20] BOCCALANDRO H E,PLOSCHUK E L,YANOVSKY M J,et al. Increased phytochrome B alleviates density effects on tuber yield of field potato crops[J].Plant physiology 2003,133(4):1539-1546.