生物操纵方法对水绵(Spirogyra)的调控效应
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摘要
为探究安全高效调控水绵生长的方法,本研究利用养殖水桶开展了两次生物操纵实验,分别观测了鲤(Cyprinus carpio)、鲫(Carassius auratus)和鲢(Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)在没有营养加富条件下,以及鲫和日本沼虾(Macrobrachium nipponense)在营养加富条件下,对水体中浮游态和固着态水绵(Spirogyra)生长的抑制效果.结果表明,在没有营养加富的水体中,鲤和鲫对水绵不仅没有调控效应,反而会促进水绵的生长.建议在水绵生长旺盛的水体中,一定程度上移除水体中这些鱼类反而可以有效控制水绵的生长.在营养加富条件下,日本沼虾对水绵的控制效应明显.鲫对水绵发挥的作用与水体营养状态存在交互作用,日本沼虾对水绵的抑制效应是否受水体营养状态的影响值得进一步探究.
In order to explore the controlling effect on Spirogyra safely and efficiently, we conducted two biomanipulation experiments using buckets in this study. We observed the controlling effect of Cyprinus carpio, Cyprinus carpio, and Hypophthalmichthys molitrix on the planktonic and benthic Spirogyra without nutrients enrichment, and the controlling effect of Carassius auratus and Macrobrachium nipponense on the planktonic and benthic Spirogyra with nutrients enrichment. The results showed that Cyprinus carpio and Cyprinus carpio had no controlling effect on Spirogyra without nutrients enrichment, but promoted Spirogyra biomass instead. We suggest that removal of these fish from the water may be effective in controlling the Spirogyra growth in waters where it blooms. Under the condition of nutrients enrichment, the controlling effect of Macrobrachium nipponense on Spirogyra was obvious. There was an interaction between the effect of Cyprinus carpio and the eutrophic status on Spirogyra. Further studies need to explore whether the controlling effect of Macrobrachium nipponense on Spirogyra is affected by the eutrophic status.
In order to explore the controlling effect on Spirogyra safely and efficiently, we conducted two biomanipulation experiments using buckets in this study. We observed the controlling effect of Cyprinus carpio, Cyprinus carpio, and Hypophthalmichthys molitrix on the planktonic and benthic Spirogyra without nutrients enrichment, and the controlling effect of Carassius auratus and Macrobrachium nipponense on the planktonic and benthic Spirogyra with nutrients enrichment. The results showed that Cyprinus carpio and Cyprinus carpio had no controlling effect on Spirogyra without nutrients enrichment, but promoted Spirogyra biomass instead. We suggest that removal of these fish from the water may be effective in controlling the Spirogyra growth in waters where it blooms. Under the condition of nutrients enrichment, the controlling effect of Macrobrachium nipponense on Spirogyra was obvious. There was an interaction between the effect of Cyprinus carpio and the eutrophic status on Spirogyra. Further studies need to explore whether the controlling effect of Macrobrachium nipponense on Spirogyra is affected by the eutrophic status.
引文
陈孝花,潘连德,张饮江.2011.水中丝状藻类有害藻华的形成与对策[J].南方水产科学,7(2):77-82
Drenner R W,Smith J D,Threlkeld S T.1996.Lake trophic state and the limnolgoical effects of omnivorous fish[J].Hydrobiologia,319:213-223
Drenner R W,Hambright K D.1999.Biomanipulation of fish as a lake restoration technique[J].International Association of Theoretical and Applied Limnology,146:129-165
Fernando C H.1994.Zooplankton,fish and fisheries in tropical freshwaters[J].Hydrobiologia,272:105-123
凡传明,刘云国,郭一明,等.2011.水绵(Spirogyra)对蓝藻复苏及藻类群落结构的影响[J].环境科学学报,31(10):2132-2137
Hambright K D,Blumenhine S C,Shapiro J.2002.Can filter-feeding fishes improve water quality in lakes?[J] Freshwater Biology,47:1173-1182
Hawes I.1988.The seasonal dynamics of Spirogyra in a shallow,Maritime Antarctic Lake[J].Polar Biology,86(6):429-437
Hillebrand H,Duerselen C D,Kirschtel D,et al.1999.Biovolume calculation for pelagic and benthic microalgae[J].Journal of Phycology,35(2):403-424
Irfanullah H M,Moss B.2004.Factors influencing the return of submerged plants to a clear-water,shallow temperate lake[J].Aquatic Botany,80(3):177-191
蒋燮治,堵南山.1979.中国动物志—甲壳纲[M].北京:科学出版社
Jeppesen E,Meerhoff M,Jacobsen B A,et al.2007.Restoration of shallow lakes by nutrient control and biomanipulation-the successful strategy varies with lake size and climate[J].Hydrobiologia,581:269-285
Jeppesen E,Jensen J P,Jensen C,et al.2003.The impact of nutrient state and lake depth on top-down control in the pelagic zone of lakes:a study of 466 lakes from the temperate zone to the Artic[J].Ecosystems,6:313-325
Kravtsova L S,Izhboldina L A,Khanaev I V,et al.2014.Nearshore benthic blooms of filamentous green algae in Lake Baikal[J].Journal of Great Lakes Research,40:441-448
Leibold M A,Chase J M,Shurin J B,et al.1997.Species turnover and the regulation of trophic structure[J].Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics,28:467-494
McQueen D J,Hohannes M R S,Post J R,et al.1989.Bottom-up and top-down impacts on freshwater pelagic community structure[J].Ecological Monographs,59(3):289-309
MacGibbon D J.2008.The effects of different water quality parameters on prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) yield,phytoplankton abundance and phytoplankton diversity at New Zealand prawns limited,Wairakei,New Zealand[D].Wellington:Victoria University of Wellington
Meijer M L,De Boois I,Scheffer M,et al.1999.Biomanipulation in shallow lakes in the Netherlands:an evaluation of 18 case studies[J].Hydrobiologia,408/409:13-30
Priddle J.1980.The production ecology of benthic plants in some Antarctic lakes:I.In situ production studies[J].Journal of Ecology,68(1):141-153
Seda J,Kubecka J.1997.Long-term biomanipulation of Rimov Reservior(Czech Republic)[J].Hydrobiogia, 345:95-108
Shapiro J,Wright D I.1984.Lake restoration by biomanipulation[J].Freshwater Biology,14:371-383
Schaus M H,Vanni M J,Wissing T E,et al.1997.Nitrogen and phosphorus excretion by detritivorous gizzard shad in a reservoir ecosystem[J].Limnology and Oceanography,42:1386-1397
Sarnelle O.1992.Contrasting effects of Daphnia on ratios of nitrogen to phosphorus in a eutrophic,hard-water lake[J].Limnology and Oceanography,37:1527-1542
Stephen D,Balayla D M,Collings S E,et al.2004.Two mesocosm experiments investigating the control of summer phytoplankton growth in a small shallow lake[J].Freshwater Biology,49:1551-1564
Timoshkin O A,Bondarenko N A,Volkova Ye A,et al.2015.Mass development of green filamentous algae of the genera Spirogyra and Stigeoclonium (Chlorophyta) in the littoral zone of the southern part of Lake Baikal[J].Hydrobiological Journal,51(1):13-23
Turker H,Eversole A G,Brune D E.2003.Filtration of green algae and cyanobacteria by Nile tilpia,Oreochromis niloticus,in the partitioned aquaculture system[J].Aquaculture,215:93-101
Vanni M J,Flecker A S,Hood J M,et al.2002.Stoichiometry of nutrients cycling by vertebrates in a tropical stream:linking species identity and ecosystem processes[J].Ecology Letter,5:285-293
伍献文,杨干荣,乐佩琦,等.1963.中国经济动物志—淡水鱼类[M].北京:科学出版社
张饮江,黎臻,王芳,等.2015.光倒刺鲃、白鲢协同投放抑制丝状藻(水绵)藻华围隔研究[J].环境科学学报,35(3):780-788
章宗涉,黄祥飞.1991.淡水浮游生物研究方法[M].北京:科学出版社
Drenner R W,Smith J D,Threlkeld S T.1996.Lake trophic state and the limnolgoical effects of omnivorous fish[J].Hydrobiologia,319:213-223
Drenner R W,Hambright K D.1999.Biomanipulation of fish as a lake restoration technique[J].International Association of Theoretical and Applied Limnology,146:129-165
Fernando C H.1994.Zooplankton,fish and fisheries in tropical freshwaters[J].Hydrobiologia,272:105-123
凡传明,刘云国,郭一明,等.2011.水绵(Spirogyra)对蓝藻复苏及藻类群落结构的影响[J].环境科学学报,31(10):2132-2137
Hambright K D,Blumenhine S C,Shapiro J.2002.Can filter-feeding fishes improve water quality in lakes?[J] Freshwater Biology,47:1173-1182
Hawes I.1988.The seasonal dynamics of Spirogyra in a shallow,Maritime Antarctic Lake[J].Polar Biology,86(6):429-437
Hillebrand H,Duerselen C D,Kirschtel D,et al.1999.Biovolume calculation for pelagic and benthic microalgae[J].Journal of Phycology,35(2):403-424
Irfanullah H M,Moss B.2004.Factors influencing the return of submerged plants to a clear-water,shallow temperate lake[J].Aquatic Botany,80(3):177-191
蒋燮治,堵南山.1979.中国动物志—甲壳纲[M].北京:科学出版社
Jeppesen E,Meerhoff M,Jacobsen B A,et al.2007.Restoration of shallow lakes by nutrient control and biomanipulation-the successful strategy varies with lake size and climate[J].Hydrobiologia,581:269-285
Jeppesen E,Jensen J P,Jensen C,et al.2003.The impact of nutrient state and lake depth on top-down control in the pelagic zone of lakes:a study of 466 lakes from the temperate zone to the Artic[J].Ecosystems,6:313-325
Kravtsova L S,Izhboldina L A,Khanaev I V,et al.2014.Nearshore benthic blooms of filamentous green algae in Lake Baikal[J].Journal of Great Lakes Research,40:441-448
Leibold M A,Chase J M,Shurin J B,et al.1997.Species turnover and the regulation of trophic structure[J].Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics,28:467-494
McQueen D J,Hohannes M R S,Post J R,et al.1989.Bottom-up and top-down impacts on freshwater pelagic community structure[J].Ecological Monographs,59(3):289-309
MacGibbon D J.2008.The effects of different water quality parameters on prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) yield,phytoplankton abundance and phytoplankton diversity at New Zealand prawns limited,Wairakei,New Zealand[D].Wellington:Victoria University of Wellington
Meijer M L,De Boois I,Scheffer M,et al.1999.Biomanipulation in shallow lakes in the Netherlands:an evaluation of 18 case studies[J].Hydrobiologia,408/409:13-30
Priddle J.1980.The production ecology of benthic plants in some Antarctic lakes:I.In situ production studies[J].Journal of Ecology,68(1):141-153
Seda J,Kubecka J.1997.Long-term biomanipulation of Rimov Reservior(Czech Republic)[J].Hydrobiogia, 345:95-108
Shapiro J,Wright D I.1984.Lake restoration by biomanipulation[J].Freshwater Biology,14:371-383
Schaus M H,Vanni M J,Wissing T E,et al.1997.Nitrogen and phosphorus excretion by detritivorous gizzard shad in a reservoir ecosystem[J].Limnology and Oceanography,42:1386-1397
Sarnelle O.1992.Contrasting effects of Daphnia on ratios of nitrogen to phosphorus in a eutrophic,hard-water lake[J].Limnology and Oceanography,37:1527-1542
Stephen D,Balayla D M,Collings S E,et al.2004.Two mesocosm experiments investigating the control of summer phytoplankton growth in a small shallow lake[J].Freshwater Biology,49:1551-1564
Timoshkin O A,Bondarenko N A,Volkova Ye A,et al.2015.Mass development of green filamentous algae of the genera Spirogyra and Stigeoclonium (Chlorophyta) in the littoral zone of the southern part of Lake Baikal[J].Hydrobiological Journal,51(1):13-23
Turker H,Eversole A G,Brune D E.2003.Filtration of green algae and cyanobacteria by Nile tilpia,Oreochromis niloticus,in the partitioned aquaculture system[J].Aquaculture,215:93-101
Vanni M J,Flecker A S,Hood J M,et al.2002.Stoichiometry of nutrients cycling by vertebrates in a tropical stream:linking species identity and ecosystem processes[J].Ecology Letter,5:285-293
伍献文,杨干荣,乐佩琦,等.1963.中国经济动物志—淡水鱼类[M].北京:科学出版社
张饮江,黎臻,王芳,等.2015.光倒刺鲃、白鲢协同投放抑制丝状藻(水绵)藻华围隔研究[J].环境科学学报,35(3):780-788
章宗涉,黄祥飞.1991.淡水浮游生物研究方法[M].北京:科学出版社