中美两国志愿服务发展的比较及启示——基于居民消费变化的视角
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摘要
志愿服务的发展与社会的发展水平有着密切关系,通过比较中美两国居民消费变化与志愿服务发展的相似性规律,发现两国居民消费的拐点性变化就像多米诺骨牌一样引发了志愿服务发展阶段的相应变化,由此可见美国志愿服务的实践经验对中国来说参考价值较高。结合中国特色社会主义国情,中国志愿服务的未来发展应以培育志愿精神、营造志愿文化为核心;以志愿服务的制度化建设为保障;以具有时代特色的全国性项目为载体;以志愿服务的科学化管理为依托。
The development of volunteer service is closely related to the level of social development. By comparing the change of residents' consumption and the development of volunteer service in recent China and the United States,we find that the inflection point of residents' consumption change would trigger a domino effect upon the development of volunteer service in both of the countries. In this sense,we can learn a great deal from American volunteer service practical experience. To develop volunteer service under socialism with Chinese characteristics,we should take building a voluntary culture and fostering the volunteerism as its core,take institutional construction as its guarantee,take national programs with era features as its running platform and take systematic and scientific management as its supporting mechanism.
The development of volunteer service is closely related to the level of social development. By comparing the change of residents' consumption and the development of volunteer service in recent China and the United States,we find that the inflection point of residents' consumption change would trigger a domino effect upon the development of volunteer service in both of the countries. In this sense,we can learn a great deal from American volunteer service practical experience. To develop volunteer service under socialism with Chinese characteristics,we should take building a voluntary culture and fostering the volunteerism as its core,take institutional construction as its guarantee,take national programs with era features as its running platform and take systematic and scientific management as its supporting mechanism.
引文
[1]马克思恩格斯全集(第3卷).北京:人民出版社,1960:286.
[2][美]罗斯托.经济成长过程论.林钟雄,译.台北:协志工业丛书出版股份有限公司,1975:239.
[3]徐彤武.联邦政府与美国志愿服务的兴盛.美国研究,2009(3).
[4]刘世锦.增长速度下台阶与发展方式转变.经济学动态,2011(5).
[5]吴石英.人口变动对居民消费的作用机理和影响效应研究.合肥:安徽大学硕士学位论文,2017:46—47.
[6] R. NESBIT,J. L. BRUDNEY. Projections and Policiesfor Volunteer programs. Nonprofit Management and Lead-ership,2013(24):3—5.
[7]牟宗三.道德的理想主义.长春:吉林出版集团有限责任公司,2010:30.
[8]邓国胜,辛华.美国志愿服务的制度设计及启示.社会科学辑刊,2017(1).
[9]中国志愿服务联合会.中国志愿服务发展报告(2017).北京:社会科学文献出版社,2017:22—23.
(1)数据来源于美国经济分析局网站,http://www.bea.gov/itable/。
(1)数据来源于美国志愿服务与公民生活官网,http://www.volunteeringinamerica.gov/national。
(2)数据说明:民政部全国志愿服务信息系统的统计数据显示,截至2017年6月30日,中国有4 242万志愿者;而团中央的“志愿中国”中国注册志愿者信息系统的统计数据显示,2016年中国志愿者突破4700万。本文采用两者中较大数。
[2][美]罗斯托.经济成长过程论.林钟雄,译.台北:协志工业丛书出版股份有限公司,1975:239.
[3]徐彤武.联邦政府与美国志愿服务的兴盛.美国研究,2009(3).
[4]刘世锦.增长速度下台阶与发展方式转变.经济学动态,2011(5).
[5]吴石英.人口变动对居民消费的作用机理和影响效应研究.合肥:安徽大学硕士学位论文,2017:46—47.
[6] R. NESBIT,J. L. BRUDNEY. Projections and Policiesfor Volunteer programs. Nonprofit Management and Lead-ership,2013(24):3—5.
[7]牟宗三.道德的理想主义.长春:吉林出版集团有限责任公司,2010:30.
[8]邓国胜,辛华.美国志愿服务的制度设计及启示.社会科学辑刊,2017(1).
[9]中国志愿服务联合会.中国志愿服务发展报告(2017).北京:社会科学文献出版社,2017:22—23.
(1)数据来源于美国经济分析局网站,http://www.bea.gov/itable/。
(1)数据来源于美国志愿服务与公民生活官网,http://www.volunteeringinamerica.gov/national。
(2)数据说明:民政部全国志愿服务信息系统的统计数据显示,截至2017年6月30日,中国有4 242万志愿者;而团中央的“志愿中国”中国注册志愿者信息系统的统计数据显示,2016年中国志愿者突破4700万。本文采用两者中较大数。