合同能源管理下企业制造/再制造生产决策研究
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摘要
合同能源管理(EPC)是一种以企业未来节能收益作为支付手段为企业生产进行改进、提高能源效率,以期达到生产流程节能减排的项目。在碳税政策下,通过与原生产模式对比,探究了再制造企业利用合同能源管理(EPC)进行节能减排改造对再制造和社会福利的影响。结果表明,EPC项目下企业生产利润大幅提高,同时企业生产的产品总量增加,也带来了消费者剩余的增加。然而,利用EPC进行节能减排改造后虽然企业单位产品的碳排放量减少,但在碳税较高时,EPC项目下的碳排放总量存在小幅度增加,即出现了"回弹效应";另外EPC会刺激企业生产更多的新品,伤害到企业再制造活动。
Energy Performance Contracting(EPC) is a project that uses the company's future energy-saving benefits as payments to improve energy efficiency,which can help company achieve energy saving and emission reduction in the production process.Under the carbon tax policy,the impacts on the production decisions and social welfare between the original production model and the EPC model were explored.The results show that the profits of manufacturer under the EPC project have increased.At the same time,the total quantities of products and consumer surplus have also increased.Although the carbon emissions of the unit product reduce,under high carbon tax,the total carbon emissions under the EPC project has increased slightly,which is called "rebound effect".Moreover,EPC will stimulate the production of new products and injure corporate remanufacturing activities.
Energy Performance Contracting(EPC) is a project that uses the company's future energy-saving benefits as payments to improve energy efficiency,which can help company achieve energy saving and emission reduction in the production process.Under the carbon tax policy,the impacts on the production decisions and social welfare between the original production model and the EPC model were explored.The results show that the profits of manufacturer under the EPC project have increased.At the same time,the total quantities of products and consumer surplus have also increased.Although the carbon emissions of the unit product reduce,under high carbon tax,the total carbon emissions under the EPC project has increased slightly,which is called "rebound effect".Moreover,EPC will stimulate the production of new products and injure corporate remanufacturing activities.
引文
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[3] Miao Z,Mao H,Fu K,et al.Remanufacturing with trade-ins under carbon regulations[J].Computers & Operations Research,2018,89:253-268.
[4] Shu T,Peng Z,Chen S,et al.Government Subsidy for Remanufacturing or Carbon Tax Rebate:Which Is Better for Firms and a Low-Carbon Economy[J].Sustainability,2017,9(1):156.
[5] Chang X,Xia H,Zhu H,et al.Production decisions in a hybrid manufacturing-remanufacturing system with carbon cap and trade mechanism[J].International Journal of Production Economics,2015,162:160-173.
[6] Cao K,Xu X,Wu Q,et al.Optimal production and carbon emission reduction level under cap-and-trade and low carbon subsidy policies[J].Journal of Cleaner Production,2017,167:505-513.
[7] Xu X,Xu X,He P.Joint production and pricing decisions for multiple products with cap-and-trade and carbon tax regulations[J].Journal of Cleaner Production,2015,112:4093-4106.
[8] Wang X,Zhu Y,Sun H,et al.Production decisions of new and remanufactured products:Implications for low carbon emission economy[J].Journal of Cleaner Production,2018,171:1225-1243.
[9] Wang Y Y,Zhang Y Y.Remanufacturer’s production strategy with capital constraint and differentiated demand[J].Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing,2017,28(4):869-882.
[10] Wang Y,Chen W.Effects of emissions constraint on manufacturing/remanufacturing decisions considering capital constraint and financing[J].Atmospheric Pollution Research,2017,8(3):455-464.
[11] Liu P,Zhou Y,Zhou D K,et al.Energy Performance Contract models for the diffusion of green-manufacturing technologies in China:A stakeholder analysis from SMEs’ perspective[J].Energy Policy,2017,106:59-67.
[12] Thollander P,Backlund S,Trianni A,et al.Beyond barriers-A case study on driving forces for improved energy efficiency in the foundry industries in Finland,France,Germany,Italy,Poland,Spain,and Sweden[J].Applied Energy,2013,111(4):636-643.
[13] Yuan X,Ma R,Zuo J,et al.Towards a sustainable society:the status and future of energy performance contracting in China[J].Journal of Cleaner Production,2016,112:1608-1618.
[14] Okay N,Akman U.Analysis of ESCO activities using country indicators[J].Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews,2010,14(9):2760-2771.
[15] Lee P,Lam P T I,Lee W L.Risks in Energy Performance Contracting (EPC) projects[J].Energy & Buildings,2015,92:116-127.
[16] 徐晓燕,吴焕焕.基于博弈论的节能量保证型EPC合同决策分析[J].运筹与管理,2015,24(3):112-119.
[17] Ferguson M E,Toktay L B.The Effect of Competition on Recovery Strategies[J].Production and Operations Management,2010,15(3):351-368.
[18] 杜学美,唐星,解正品,等.考虑消费者偏好的再制造产品定价策略研究[J].工业工程与管理,2016(6):84-89.
[19] Zhou W,Huang W,Zhou S X.Energy Performance Contracting in a Competitive Environment[J].Decision Sciences,2017,48(4):723-746.
[20] Yenipazarli A.Managing new and remanufactured products to mitigate environmental damage under emissions regulation[J].European Journal of Operational Research,2016,249(1):117-130.
[21] Raz G,Druehl C T,Blass V.Design for the Environment:Life-Cycle Approach Using a Newsvendor Model[J].Production & Operations Management,2013,22(4):940-957.
[22] Greening L A,Greene D L,Difiglio C.Energy efficiency and consumption — the rebound effect — a survey[J].Energy Policy,2000,28(6):389-401.
[23] Li K,Zhang N,Liu Y.The energy rebound effects across China’s industrial sectors:An output distance function approach[J].Applied Energy,2016(184):1165-1175.
[24] Chen C.Design for the Environment:A Quality-Based Model for Green Product Development[J].Management Science,2001,47(2):250-263.
[25] 王群伟,周德群.能源回弹效应测算的改进模型及其实证研究[J].管理学报,2008,5(5):688-691.