二氧化氯处理促进厚皮甜瓜果实的采后愈伤
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摘要
【目的】研究二氧化氯(ClO_2)处理对厚皮甜瓜果实采后愈伤的影响,为厚皮甜瓜的采后愈伤提供方法和理论依据。【方法】以‘玛瑙’厚皮甜瓜为试材,人工模拟损伤后,用25 mg·L~(-1)的ClO_2浸泡损伤果实10 min,于常温黑暗条件下进行愈伤。测定愈伤期间损伤果实的失重率以及损伤接种粉红单端孢果实的病情指数,通过甲苯胺蓝和间苯三酚—盐酸染色法观察聚酚软木脂、聚酯软木脂和木质素在伤口部位的积累,并用IS Capture图像软件对聚酚软木脂、聚酯软木脂和木质素积累量进行分析。测定伤口表面的色度值,分析伤口处组织愈伤期间苯丙烷代谢活性以及过氧化物酶和多酚氧化酶的活性变化。【结果】ClO_2处理显著降低了损伤果实的失重率和损伤接种果实的病情指数,愈伤第7天时,处理比对照低10.3%。果实在损伤后不同时间段接种粉红单端孢,经1周培养观察,处理果实的病情指数显著低于对照,第7天时处理果实的病情指数比对照低56.9%。处理显著促进了果实伤口处聚酚软木脂、聚酯软木脂和木质素的积累,处理果实的积累量在愈伤的中后期显著高于对照,三者比对照分别高25.3%、77.7%和35.5%。愈伤期间,处理果实伤口处的L*值显著低于对照,b*值显著高于对照,在愈伤第5天时,处理果实的L*值比对照低6.1%,第3天时的b*值比对照高17.8%。处理明显提高了果实伤口处的苯丙氨酸解氨酶、过氧化物酶和多酚氧化酶活性,在愈伤第7天时,处理果实伤口处的苯丙氨酸解氨酶、过氧化物酶和多酚氧化酶活性分别高于对照34.3%、80.5%和15.7%。此外,处理果实伤口处的总酚、类黄酮和木质素含量也显著高于对照,第7天时,分别高于对照14.7%、16.8%和15.6%。【结论】ClO_2处理可有效促进厚皮甜瓜果实的采后愈伤,ClO_2对愈伤的促进作用与激活伤口处的苯丙烷代谢,提高POD和PPO活性,促进软木脂和木质素的积累密切相关。
【Objective】The aims of this study were to investigate effect of chlorine dioxide(ClO_2)treatment on the wound healing of harvested muskmelons and its mechanism,providing methods and theoretical basis for wound healing of postharvest muskmelon fruit.【Method】The muskmelon fruit‘cv.Manao’was used as material.After artificially wounded,fruits were dipped with ClO_2 at 25 mg·L~(-1) for 10 min,and the treated fruit and control were wound healed at ambient temperature in dark.The weight loss of fruit and the disease index of Trichotechium roseum inoculated fruit were measured during healing.The accumulation of suberin poly phenolic,suberin poly aliphatic and lignin at the wounded sites of fruit were observed by Toluidin blue O-neutral red staining and phloroglucinol-HCl staining method,and the amount of accumulation of the three compositions were measured by IS Capture image software.Moreover,the color values of wounded surface were measured.The enzyme activities of phenylpropanoid metabolism and changes of peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase enzyme activities were analyzed during the fruit wound healing stage.【Result】The weight loss of wounded fruit and the disease index of inoculated fruit were significantly reduced by ClO_2 treatment.The weight loss of treated fruit was 10.3%lower than that of control after 7 days of healing.Wounded fruit were inoculated by Trichotechium roseum at different wound healing periods.After one week cultivated,the disease index of the treated fruit was significantly lower than that of control,which was 56.9%lower at 7 days of healing.The ClO_2 treatment significantly promoted the accumulation of suberin poly phenolic,suberin poly aliphatic and lignin.The treated fruit were significantly higher than that of control at the mid and late stage of healing.After 7 days of healing,the thickness of suberin poly phenolic cell layers,suberin poly aliphatic and lignin cell layers of treated fruit was 25.3%,77.7%and 35.5%higher than that of control,respectively.Compared with the control,the L*value of wounded surface in the treated fruit was significantly lower and b*value was significantly higher during healing.The L*value of the treated fruit was 6.1%lower than that of control after 5 days of healing.And the b*value of the treated fruit was 17.8%higher than that of control after 3 days of healing.The ClO_2 treatments increased enzymes activities of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase,peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase at wounded sites of fruit,which were 34.3%,80.5%and 15.7%higher than that of control after 7 days of healing,respectively.Meanwhile,the treatment also improved the accumulation of total phenols,flavonoids and lignin at wounded sites,which were 14.7%,16.8%,and 15.6%higher than that of control after 7 days of healing,respectively.【Conclusion】ClO_2 treatment effectively promoted wound healing of harvested muskmelons by eliciting the phenylpropanoid metabolism.In addition,it also increased the enzymes activities of peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase,and promoted accumulation of suberin and lignin at wounded sites.
【Objective】The aims of this study were to investigate effect of chlorine dioxide(ClO_2)treatment on the wound healing of harvested muskmelons and its mechanism,providing methods and theoretical basis for wound healing of postharvest muskmelon fruit.【Method】The muskmelon fruit‘cv.Manao’was used as material.After artificially wounded,fruits were dipped with ClO_2 at 25 mg·L~(-1) for 10 min,and the treated fruit and control were wound healed at ambient temperature in dark.The weight loss of fruit and the disease index of Trichotechium roseum inoculated fruit were measured during healing.The accumulation of suberin poly phenolic,suberin poly aliphatic and lignin at the wounded sites of fruit were observed by Toluidin blue O-neutral red staining and phloroglucinol-HCl staining method,and the amount of accumulation of the three compositions were measured by IS Capture image software.Moreover,the color values of wounded surface were measured.The enzyme activities of phenylpropanoid metabolism and changes of peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase enzyme activities were analyzed during the fruit wound healing stage.【Result】The weight loss of wounded fruit and the disease index of inoculated fruit were significantly reduced by ClO_2 treatment.The weight loss of treated fruit was 10.3%lower than that of control after 7 days of healing.Wounded fruit were inoculated by Trichotechium roseum at different wound healing periods.After one week cultivated,the disease index of the treated fruit was significantly lower than that of control,which was 56.9%lower at 7 days of healing.The ClO_2 treatment significantly promoted the accumulation of suberin poly phenolic,suberin poly aliphatic and lignin.The treated fruit were significantly higher than that of control at the mid and late stage of healing.After 7 days of healing,the thickness of suberin poly phenolic cell layers,suberin poly aliphatic and lignin cell layers of treated fruit was 25.3%,77.7%and 35.5%higher than that of control,respectively.Compared with the control,the L*value of wounded surface in the treated fruit was significantly lower and b*value was significantly higher during healing.The L*value of the treated fruit was 6.1%lower than that of control after 5 days of healing.And the b*value of the treated fruit was 17.8%higher than that of control after 3 days of healing.The ClO_2 treatments increased enzymes activities of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase,peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase at wounded sites of fruit,which were 34.3%,80.5%and 15.7%higher than that of control after 7 days of healing,respectively.Meanwhile,the treatment also improved the accumulation of total phenols,flavonoids and lignin at wounded sites,which were 14.7%,16.8%,and 15.6%higher than that of control after 7 days of healing,respectively.【Conclusion】ClO_2 treatment effectively promoted wound healing of harvested muskmelons by eliciting the phenylpropanoid metabolism.In addition,it also increased the enzymes activities of peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase,and promoted accumulation of suberin and lignin at wounded sites.
引文
[1]BI Y,GE Y H,LI X W.Melon production in China.Acta Horticulturae,2007,731:493-500.
[2]HARDENBURG R E,WATADA A E,YANG C Y.The Commercial Storage of Fruits,Vegetables,and Florist and Nursery Stocks.USDA,Agriculture Handbook,1990,66:130.
[3]VISHWANATH S J,DELUD C,DOMERGUE F,ROWLAND O.Suberin:Biosynthesis,regulation,and polymer assembly of a protective extracellular barrier.Plant Cell Reports,2015,34(4):573-586.
[4]TAO X Y,MAO L C,LI J Y,CHEN J X,LU W J,HHUANG S.Abscisic acid mediates wound-healing in harvested tomato fruit.Postharvest Biology and Technology,2016,118:128-133.
[5]张静荣,王斌,姜红,王毅,李雪,司敏,李永才,毕阳.采后苯丙噻重氮处理促进梨果实的愈伤.食品科学,2018,39(9):190-195.ZHANG J R,WANG B,JIANG H,WANG Y,LI X,SI M,LI Y C,BIY.Effect of BTH treatments promotes wound healing of pear fruit.Food Science,2018,39(9):190-195.(in Chinese).
[6]HAN X Y,MAO LC,WEI X P,LU W J.Stimulatory involvement of abscisic acid in wound suberization of postharvest kiwifruit.Scientia Horticulturae,2017,224:244-250.
[7]DU J,HAN Y,LINTON R H.Efficacy of chlorine dioxide gas in reducing Escherichia coli O157:H7 on apple surfaces.Food Microbiology,2003,20(5):583-591.
[8]ELPHICK A.The growing use of chlorine dioxide.Processing,1998,34:122-125.
[9]CHUMYAMA,SHANK L,FAIYUE B,UTHAIBUTRA J,SAENGNILK.Effects of chlorine dioxide fumigation on redox balancing potential of antioxidative ascorbate-glutathione cycle in‘Daw’longan fruit during storage.Scientia Horticulturae,2017,222:76-83.
[10]SAENGNIL K,CHUMYAM A,FAIYUE B,UTHAIBUTRA J.Use of chlorine dioxide fumigation to alleviate enzymatic browning of harvested‘Daw’longan pericarp during storage under ambient conditions.Postharvest Biology and Technology,2014,91:49-56.
[11]SUN X,BALDWIN E,PLOTTO A,NARCISO J,FERENCE C,RITENOUR M,HAMISON K,GANGEMI J,BAI J.Controlledrelease of chlorine dioxide in a perforated packaging system to extend the storage life and improve the safety of grape tomatoes.Journal of Visualized Experiments.2017,122:1-6.
[12]赵明慧,饶景萍,辛付存,夏源苑.红富士苹果采后二氧化氯处理的保鲜作用.果树学报,2011,28(2):252-256.ZHAO M H,RAOJ P,XIN F C,XIA Y Y.Effects of postharvest chlorine dioxide treatment on fresh-keeping of Red Fuji apple.Journal of Fruit Science,2011,28(2):252-256.(in Chinese).
[13]GUO Q,LV X,XU F,ZHANG Y L,WANG J D,LIN H H,WU B.Chlorine dioxide treatment decreases respiration and ethylene synthesis in fresh-cut‘Hami’melon fruit.International Journal of Food Science and Technology,2013,48(9):1775-1782.
[14]赵明慧,饶景萍,辛付存,夏源苑.二氧化氯采前处理对红富士苹果的保鲜.食品科学,2011,32(16):352-356.ZHAO M H,RAO J P,XIN F C,XIA Y Y.Fresh-keeping effect of pre-harvest chlorine dioxide treatment of red Fuji apple.Food Science,2011,32(16):352-356.(in Chinese).
[15]BI Y,GE Y H,LI Y C,WANG J J,MIAO X Y,LI X W.Postharvest acibenzolar-S-methyl treatment suppresses decay and induces resistance in Hami melons.Acta Horticulturae,2006,712:393-399.
[16]姜红,毕阳,李昌健,王毅,李生娥,刘耀娜,王斌.马铃薯品种‘青薯168’和‘陇薯3号’块茎愈伤能力的比较.中国农业科学,2017,50(4):774-782.JIANG H,BI Y,LI CJ,WANG Y,LI S E,LIU Y N,WANG B.Comparison of healing ability on potato tuber cultivars‘Qingshu No.168’and‘Longshu No.3’.Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2017,50(4):774-782.(in Chinese).
[17]DUAN J Y,WU R Y,BEMADINE C S,ZHAO Y Y.Effect of edible coatings on the quality of fresh blueberries(Duke and Elliott)under commercial storage conditions.Postharvest Biology and Technology,2011,59(1):71-79.
[18]LULAI E C,MORGAN W C.Histochemical probing of potato periderm with neutral red:A sensitive cytofluorochrome for the hydrophobic domain of suberin.Stain Technology,1992,67(4):185-195.
[19]LULAI E C,CORSINI D L.Differential deposition of suberin phenolic and aliphatic domains and their roles in resistance to infection during potato tuber(Solanum tuberosum L.)wound-healing.Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology,1998,53(4):209-222.
[20]ALBA C M,FORCHETTI S M D,TIGIER H A.Phenoloxidase of peach(Prunus persica)endocarp:Its relationship with peroxidases and lignification.Physiologia Plantarum,2010,109(4):382-387.
[21]OIRSCHOT Q E A V,REES D,AKED J,KIHURANI A.Sweetpotato cultivars differ in efficiency of wound healing.Postharvest Biology and Technology,2006,42(1):65-74.
[22]BI Y,TIAN S P,ZHAO J,GE Y H.Harpin induces local and systemic resistance against Trichothecium roseum,in harvested Hami melons.Postharvest Biology and Technology,2005,38(2):183-187.
[23]LIU H X,JIANG W B,BI Y,LUO Y B.Postharvest BTH treatment induces resistance of peach(Prunus persica L.cv.Jiubao)fruit to infection by Penicillium expansum and enhances activity of fruit defense mechanisms.Postharvest Biology and Technology,2005,35:263-269.
[24]LI Y,BI Y,GE Y H,WANG Y,LIU Y Y,LI G L.Postharvest hot water dipping reduces decay by inducing disease resistance and maintaining firmness in muskmelon(Cucumis melo L.)fruit.Scientia Horticulturae,2013,161(2):101-110.
[25]PIRIE A,MULLINS M G.Changes in anthocyanin and phenolics content of grapevine leaf and fruit tissues treated with sucrose,nitrate,and abscisic acid.Plant Physiology,1976,58(4):468-472.
[26]YIN Y,LI Y C,BI Y,CHENG S J,LI Y C,YUAN L,WANG Y,WANG D.Postharvest treatment withβ-aminobutyric acid induces resistance against dry rot caused by Fusarium sulphureum in potato tuber.Agricultural Sciences in China,2010,9(9):1372-1380.
[27]HAN X Y,LU W J,WEI X P,LI L,MAOL C,ZHAO Y Y.Proteomics analysis to understand the ABA stimulation of wound suberization in kiwifruit.Journal of Proteomics,2018,173:42-51.
[28]BERNARDS M A,SUSAG L M,BEDGAR D L,ANTEROLA A M,LEWIS N G.Induced phenylpropanoid metabolism during suberization and lignification:A comparative analysis Journal of Plant Physiology,2000,157(6):601-607.
[29]VOGT T.Phenylpropanoid biosynthesis.Molecular Plant,2010,3(1):2-20.
[30]LULAI E C.Skin-set,wound healing and related defects//Potato Biology and Biotechnology:Advances and Perspectives,2007:471-500.
[31]WOOLFSON K N,HAGGITT M L,ZHANG Y,KACHURA,BJELICA A,RINCON M A R,KABERI,K M,BERNARD M A.Differential induction of polar and non-polar metabolism during wound-induced suberization in potato(Solanum tuberosum L.)tubers.Plant Journal for Cell and Molecular Biology,2018,93(5):931-942.
[32]LEID J,HILDEBRANDTU,HARTUNG W,RIEDERER M,VOGGG.Abscisic acid mediates the formation of a suberized stem scar tissue in tomato fruits.New Phytologist,2012,194(2):402-415.
[33]HAHLBROCK K,GRISEBACH H.Enzymic controls in the biosynthesis of lignin and flavonoids.Plant Physiology,1976,30:105-130.
[34]SHAO X F,TU K,TU S C,SU J,ZHAO Y.Effects of heat treatment on wound healing in Gala and red Fuji apple fruits.Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,2010,58(7):4303-4309.
[35]RAMAMURTHY M S,USSUF K K,NAIR P M,THOMAS P.Lignin biosynthesis during wound healing of potato tubers in response to gamma irradiation.Postharvest Biology and Technology,2000,18(3):267-272.
[36]THIPYAPONG P,STEFFENS J C.Differential expression and turnover of the tomato polyphenol oxidase gene family during vegetative and reproductive development.Plant Physiology,1997,113(3):707-718.
[37]MAYER A M.Polyphenol oxidases in plants and fungi:Going places?A review.Phytochemistry,2007,38(5):2318-2331.
[38]WEI X P,MAO L C,HAN X Y,LV W J,XIE D D,REN X C,ZHAOY Y.High oxygen facilitates wound-induced suberin polyphenolics formation in kiwifruit:High oxygen promotes wound-healing of kiwifruit.Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture,2018,98(6):2223-2230.
[2]HARDENBURG R E,WATADA A E,YANG C Y.The Commercial Storage of Fruits,Vegetables,and Florist and Nursery Stocks.USDA,Agriculture Handbook,1990,66:130.
[3]VISHWANATH S J,DELUD C,DOMERGUE F,ROWLAND O.Suberin:Biosynthesis,regulation,and polymer assembly of a protective extracellular barrier.Plant Cell Reports,2015,34(4):573-586.
[4]TAO X Y,MAO L C,LI J Y,CHEN J X,LU W J,HHUANG S.Abscisic acid mediates wound-healing in harvested tomato fruit.Postharvest Biology and Technology,2016,118:128-133.
[5]张静荣,王斌,姜红,王毅,李雪,司敏,李永才,毕阳.采后苯丙噻重氮处理促进梨果实的愈伤.食品科学,2018,39(9):190-195.ZHANG J R,WANG B,JIANG H,WANG Y,LI X,SI M,LI Y C,BIY.Effect of BTH treatments promotes wound healing of pear fruit.Food Science,2018,39(9):190-195.(in Chinese).
[6]HAN X Y,MAO LC,WEI X P,LU W J.Stimulatory involvement of abscisic acid in wound suberization of postharvest kiwifruit.Scientia Horticulturae,2017,224:244-250.
[7]DU J,HAN Y,LINTON R H.Efficacy of chlorine dioxide gas in reducing Escherichia coli O157:H7 on apple surfaces.Food Microbiology,2003,20(5):583-591.
[8]ELPHICK A.The growing use of chlorine dioxide.Processing,1998,34:122-125.
[9]CHUMYAMA,SHANK L,FAIYUE B,UTHAIBUTRA J,SAENGNILK.Effects of chlorine dioxide fumigation on redox balancing potential of antioxidative ascorbate-glutathione cycle in‘Daw’longan fruit during storage.Scientia Horticulturae,2017,222:76-83.
[10]SAENGNIL K,CHUMYAM A,FAIYUE B,UTHAIBUTRA J.Use of chlorine dioxide fumigation to alleviate enzymatic browning of harvested‘Daw’longan pericarp during storage under ambient conditions.Postharvest Biology and Technology,2014,91:49-56.
[11]SUN X,BALDWIN E,PLOTTO A,NARCISO J,FERENCE C,RITENOUR M,HAMISON K,GANGEMI J,BAI J.Controlledrelease of chlorine dioxide in a perforated packaging system to extend the storage life and improve the safety of grape tomatoes.Journal of Visualized Experiments.2017,122:1-6.
[12]赵明慧,饶景萍,辛付存,夏源苑.红富士苹果采后二氧化氯处理的保鲜作用.果树学报,2011,28(2):252-256.ZHAO M H,RAOJ P,XIN F C,XIA Y Y.Effects of postharvest chlorine dioxide treatment on fresh-keeping of Red Fuji apple.Journal of Fruit Science,2011,28(2):252-256.(in Chinese).
[13]GUO Q,LV X,XU F,ZHANG Y L,WANG J D,LIN H H,WU B.Chlorine dioxide treatment decreases respiration and ethylene synthesis in fresh-cut‘Hami’melon fruit.International Journal of Food Science and Technology,2013,48(9):1775-1782.
[14]赵明慧,饶景萍,辛付存,夏源苑.二氧化氯采前处理对红富士苹果的保鲜.食品科学,2011,32(16):352-356.ZHAO M H,RAO J P,XIN F C,XIA Y Y.Fresh-keeping effect of pre-harvest chlorine dioxide treatment of red Fuji apple.Food Science,2011,32(16):352-356.(in Chinese).
[15]BI Y,GE Y H,LI Y C,WANG J J,MIAO X Y,LI X W.Postharvest acibenzolar-S-methyl treatment suppresses decay and induces resistance in Hami melons.Acta Horticulturae,2006,712:393-399.
[16]姜红,毕阳,李昌健,王毅,李生娥,刘耀娜,王斌.马铃薯品种‘青薯168’和‘陇薯3号’块茎愈伤能力的比较.中国农业科学,2017,50(4):774-782.JIANG H,BI Y,LI CJ,WANG Y,LI S E,LIU Y N,WANG B.Comparison of healing ability on potato tuber cultivars‘Qingshu No.168’and‘Longshu No.3’.Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2017,50(4):774-782.(in Chinese).
[17]DUAN J Y,WU R Y,BEMADINE C S,ZHAO Y Y.Effect of edible coatings on the quality of fresh blueberries(Duke and Elliott)under commercial storage conditions.Postharvest Biology and Technology,2011,59(1):71-79.
[18]LULAI E C,MORGAN W C.Histochemical probing of potato periderm with neutral red:A sensitive cytofluorochrome for the hydrophobic domain of suberin.Stain Technology,1992,67(4):185-195.
[19]LULAI E C,CORSINI D L.Differential deposition of suberin phenolic and aliphatic domains and their roles in resistance to infection during potato tuber(Solanum tuberosum L.)wound-healing.Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology,1998,53(4):209-222.
[20]ALBA C M,FORCHETTI S M D,TIGIER H A.Phenoloxidase of peach(Prunus persica)endocarp:Its relationship with peroxidases and lignification.Physiologia Plantarum,2010,109(4):382-387.
[21]OIRSCHOT Q E A V,REES D,AKED J,KIHURANI A.Sweetpotato cultivars differ in efficiency of wound healing.Postharvest Biology and Technology,2006,42(1):65-74.
[22]BI Y,TIAN S P,ZHAO J,GE Y H.Harpin induces local and systemic resistance against Trichothecium roseum,in harvested Hami melons.Postharvest Biology and Technology,2005,38(2):183-187.
[23]LIU H X,JIANG W B,BI Y,LUO Y B.Postharvest BTH treatment induces resistance of peach(Prunus persica L.cv.Jiubao)fruit to infection by Penicillium expansum and enhances activity of fruit defense mechanisms.Postharvest Biology and Technology,2005,35:263-269.
[24]LI Y,BI Y,GE Y H,WANG Y,LIU Y Y,LI G L.Postharvest hot water dipping reduces decay by inducing disease resistance and maintaining firmness in muskmelon(Cucumis melo L.)fruit.Scientia Horticulturae,2013,161(2):101-110.
[25]PIRIE A,MULLINS M G.Changes in anthocyanin and phenolics content of grapevine leaf and fruit tissues treated with sucrose,nitrate,and abscisic acid.Plant Physiology,1976,58(4):468-472.
[26]YIN Y,LI Y C,BI Y,CHENG S J,LI Y C,YUAN L,WANG Y,WANG D.Postharvest treatment withβ-aminobutyric acid induces resistance against dry rot caused by Fusarium sulphureum in potato tuber.Agricultural Sciences in China,2010,9(9):1372-1380.
[27]HAN X Y,LU W J,WEI X P,LI L,MAOL C,ZHAO Y Y.Proteomics analysis to understand the ABA stimulation of wound suberization in kiwifruit.Journal of Proteomics,2018,173:42-51.
[28]BERNARDS M A,SUSAG L M,BEDGAR D L,ANTEROLA A M,LEWIS N G.Induced phenylpropanoid metabolism during suberization and lignification:A comparative analysis Journal of Plant Physiology,2000,157(6):601-607.
[29]VOGT T.Phenylpropanoid biosynthesis.Molecular Plant,2010,3(1):2-20.
[30]LULAI E C.Skin-set,wound healing and related defects//Potato Biology and Biotechnology:Advances and Perspectives,2007:471-500.
[31]WOOLFSON K N,HAGGITT M L,ZHANG Y,KACHURA,BJELICA A,RINCON M A R,KABERI,K M,BERNARD M A.Differential induction of polar and non-polar metabolism during wound-induced suberization in potato(Solanum tuberosum L.)tubers.Plant Journal for Cell and Molecular Biology,2018,93(5):931-942.
[32]LEID J,HILDEBRANDTU,HARTUNG W,RIEDERER M,VOGGG.Abscisic acid mediates the formation of a suberized stem scar tissue in tomato fruits.New Phytologist,2012,194(2):402-415.
[33]HAHLBROCK K,GRISEBACH H.Enzymic controls in the biosynthesis of lignin and flavonoids.Plant Physiology,1976,30:105-130.
[34]SHAO X F,TU K,TU S C,SU J,ZHAO Y.Effects of heat treatment on wound healing in Gala and red Fuji apple fruits.Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,2010,58(7):4303-4309.
[35]RAMAMURTHY M S,USSUF K K,NAIR P M,THOMAS P.Lignin biosynthesis during wound healing of potato tubers in response to gamma irradiation.Postharvest Biology and Technology,2000,18(3):267-272.
[36]THIPYAPONG P,STEFFENS J C.Differential expression and turnover of the tomato polyphenol oxidase gene family during vegetative and reproductive development.Plant Physiology,1997,113(3):707-718.
[37]MAYER A M.Polyphenol oxidases in plants and fungi:Going places?A review.Phytochemistry,2007,38(5):2318-2331.
[38]WEI X P,MAO L C,HAN X Y,LV W J,XIE D D,REN X C,ZHAOY Y.High oxygen facilitates wound-induced suberin polyphenolics formation in kiwifruit:High oxygen promotes wound-healing of kiwifruit.Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture,2018,98(6):2223-2230.