中国政府推进科技人才创新创业的注意力测量——中央政府工作报告(1978-2017)文本分析
|
摘要
科技人才是科技创新的关键,激发科技人才创新创业活力对推动科技创新、建设创新型国家至关重要。选取1978年以来40篇中央政府工作报告为研究样本,结合注意力基础观,采用QSR NVivo11分析软件对40篇报告中涉及科技人才的内容进行分析。结果发现,政府对科技人才创新创业总体注意力呈波浪式上升,且出现了3个峰值;在科技人才创新创业4个维度中,评价和激励维度的注意力始终保持最高水平,其它3个维度的注意力呈现平稳态势。注意力文本内容分析发现,科技人才流动和吸引方面,政府从指令性计划向市场自由流动转变;选拔和培养方面,由注重科技人才数量增长向培养选拔高层次人才转变;评价和激励方面,由政府主导向以多方协同推进转变;安全和保障方面,由关注科技人才基本保障向注重科技成果保护转变。最后,对进一步优化政府科技人才创新创业注意力配置提出建议。
Scientific and technological talents is the core of innovationIt is crucial to inspire the enthusiasm of scientific and technological talents for innovation and entrepreneurship.This research selects 40 central government work reports since1978 as research samples,and combines attention based view to analyze the content of scientific and technological talents in these 40 reports since the reform and opening with the aid of QSR NVivo11 qualitative analysis software.In the analysis of the change of attention data,it is found that the government's overall attention to the innovation and entrepreneurship of science and technology talents has risen vainly and has three peaks.In the four dimensions of innovation and entrepreneurship of science and technology talents,attention to the evaluation and incentive dimension has always been maintaining the highest level,the attention to the other three dimensions is flat.In the analysis of the content of attention texts,it is found that in terms of the flow and attraction of scientific and technological talents,the government has changed from a mandatory plan to encourage free flow of the market;in terms of selection and training,it has shifted from focusing on the growth of the number of scientific and technological talents to training and selecting high-level talents;In terms of evaluation and incentives,it is from the government-led to multiparty coordinated advancement;In terms of safety and security,attention has shifted from focusing on the basic protection of scientific and technological talents to the protection of scientific and technological achievements.Finally,some suggestions for optimization of government's attention to innovation and entrepreneurship of scientific and technological talents are put forward.
Scientific and technological talents is the core of innovationIt is crucial to inspire the enthusiasm of scientific and technological talents for innovation and entrepreneurship.This research selects 40 central government work reports since1978 as research samples,and combines attention based view to analyze the content of scientific and technological talents in these 40 reports since the reform and opening with the aid of QSR NVivo11 qualitative analysis software.In the analysis of the change of attention data,it is found that the government's overall attention to the innovation and entrepreneurship of science and technology talents has risen vainly and has three peaks.In the four dimensions of innovation and entrepreneurship of science and technology talents,attention to the evaluation and incentive dimension has always been maintaining the highest level,the attention to the other three dimensions is flat.In the analysis of the content of attention texts,it is found that in terms of the flow and attraction of scientific and technological talents,the government has changed from a mandatory plan to encourage free flow of the market;in terms of selection and training,it has shifted from focusing on the growth of the number of scientific and technological talents to training and selecting high-level talents;In terms of evaluation and incentives,it is from the government-led to multiparty coordinated advancement;In terms of safety and security,attention has shifted from focusing on the basic protection of scientific and technological talents to the protection of scientific and technological achievements.Finally,some suggestions for optimization of government's attention to innovation and entrepreneurship of scientific and technological talents are put forward.
引文
[1]科技部.国家中长期科技人才发展规划(2010-2020年)[EB/OL]. http://www. most.gov.cn/tztg/201108/t20110816_89061.htm,2011-8-16.
[2]伍梅,陈洁莲.广西高层次创新型科技人才政策问题与对策[J].科技管理研究,2011,31(6):23-26.
[3]李燕萍,史瑶,毛雁滨.湖北省科技人才政策构成与发展——基于2001-2015年政策文件的计量分析[J].科技创业月刊,2016,29(24):6-9.
[4]盛亚,于卓灵.科技人才政策的阶段性特征[J].科技进步与对策,2015(6):125-131.
[5]徐光远,王旭海.注意力经济研究的新视角[J].思想战线,2013,39(3):115-119.
[6] SIMON H A.administrative behavior:a study of decisionmaking processes in administrative organization. New York:Free Press,1947.
[7] OCASIO W.Towards an attention-based view of the firm[J].Strategic Management Journal,1997,18(1):187-206.
[8]文宏.中国政府推进基本公共服务的注意力测量——基于中央政府工作报告(1954-2013)的文本分析[J].吉林大学社会科学学报,2014,54(2):20-26.
[9]张海柱.中国政府管理海洋事务的注意力及其变化——基于国务院《政府工作报告》(1954-2015)的分析[J].太平洋学报,2015(11):1-9.
[10]沈亚平,林宝秀.食品安全监管中政府注意力配置研究[J].内蒙古大学学报:哲学社会科学版,2017(3):43-48.
[11]王印红,李萌竹.地方政府生态环境治理注意力研究——基于30个省市政府工作报告:2006—2015,文本分析[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2017,27(2):28-35.
[12] CARLEY K M.Extracting team mental models through textual analysis[J].Journal of Organizational Behavior,1997(18):533-538.
[13]MORRIS R.Computerized content analysis in management research:a demonstration of advantage and limitation[J].Journal of Management,1994,20(4):903-931.
[14]梁琳琳,侯敏,何宇茵.中国历年《政府工作报告》词汇与社会变迁的计量研究[J].广西社会科学,2014(4):141-144.
[15]陈瑞欣.从政府工作报告(1978-2015)看中国周边外交政策的发展变化[J].国际观察,2016(1):66-79.
[16]邓雪琳.改革开放以来中国政府职能转变的测量——基于国务院政府工作报告(1978-2015)的文本分析[J].中国行政管理,2015(8):30-36.
[17]赵曙明,李乾文,张戌凡.创新型核心科技人才培养与政策环境研究——基于江苏省625份问卷的实证分析[J].南京大学学报:哲学·人文科学·社会科学,2012,49(3):49-57.
[18]齐昕,曹新安,张萌.基于需求分析视角的科技人才创新创业激励机制研究[J].科学管理研究,2013,31(2):81-84.
[19]宁甜甜,张再生.基于政策工具视角的我国人才政策分析[J].中国行政管理,2014(4):82-86.
[2]伍梅,陈洁莲.广西高层次创新型科技人才政策问题与对策[J].科技管理研究,2011,31(6):23-26.
[3]李燕萍,史瑶,毛雁滨.湖北省科技人才政策构成与发展——基于2001-2015年政策文件的计量分析[J].科技创业月刊,2016,29(24):6-9.
[4]盛亚,于卓灵.科技人才政策的阶段性特征[J].科技进步与对策,2015(6):125-131.
[5]徐光远,王旭海.注意力经济研究的新视角[J].思想战线,2013,39(3):115-119.
[6] SIMON H A.administrative behavior:a study of decisionmaking processes in administrative organization. New York:Free Press,1947.
[7] OCASIO W.Towards an attention-based view of the firm[J].Strategic Management Journal,1997,18(1):187-206.
[8]文宏.中国政府推进基本公共服务的注意力测量——基于中央政府工作报告(1954-2013)的文本分析[J].吉林大学社会科学学报,2014,54(2):20-26.
[9]张海柱.中国政府管理海洋事务的注意力及其变化——基于国务院《政府工作报告》(1954-2015)的分析[J].太平洋学报,2015(11):1-9.
[10]沈亚平,林宝秀.食品安全监管中政府注意力配置研究[J].内蒙古大学学报:哲学社会科学版,2017(3):43-48.
[11]王印红,李萌竹.地方政府生态环境治理注意力研究——基于30个省市政府工作报告:2006—2015,文本分析[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2017,27(2):28-35.
[12] CARLEY K M.Extracting team mental models through textual analysis[J].Journal of Organizational Behavior,1997(18):533-538.
[13]MORRIS R.Computerized content analysis in management research:a demonstration of advantage and limitation[J].Journal of Management,1994,20(4):903-931.
[14]梁琳琳,侯敏,何宇茵.中国历年《政府工作报告》词汇与社会变迁的计量研究[J].广西社会科学,2014(4):141-144.
[15]陈瑞欣.从政府工作报告(1978-2015)看中国周边外交政策的发展变化[J].国际观察,2016(1):66-79.
[16]邓雪琳.改革开放以来中国政府职能转变的测量——基于国务院政府工作报告(1978-2015)的文本分析[J].中国行政管理,2015(8):30-36.
[17]赵曙明,李乾文,张戌凡.创新型核心科技人才培养与政策环境研究——基于江苏省625份问卷的实证分析[J].南京大学学报:哲学·人文科学·社会科学,2012,49(3):49-57.
[18]齐昕,曹新安,张萌.基于需求分析视角的科技人才创新创业激励机制研究[J].科学管理研究,2013,31(2):81-84.
[19]宁甜甜,张再生.基于政策工具视角的我国人才政策分析[J].中国行政管理,2014(4):82-86.