西双版纳自然保护区不同生境虫生细脚棒束孢生态分布及发生规律
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摘要
为弄清西双版纳热带雨林自然保护区不同生境中虫生细脚棒束孢的分布规律和季节变化规律,为害虫生防真菌资源利用及生防制剂开发提供依据。本试验对西双版纳自然保护区石灰岩山季雨林不同海拔地带、热带季雨林、季风常绿阔叶林、热带丛生竹林、暖热性针叶林5种不同生境中细脚棒束孢进行了系统调查和研究,并对标本进行形态学和分子鉴定。结果显示,在5种不同生境中,共采集到细脚棒束孢标本1061株,其主要分布于石灰岩山地雨林低海拔和中海拔地带,分别有272和267株,相对丰度分别为25.64%和25.16%;其次是季风常绿阔叶林和石灰岩山季雨林高海拔地带,分别有179和150株,相对丰度分别为16.87%和14.14%;分布相对较少的为热带丛生竹林和热带季雨林,分别有96和94株,相对丰度分别为9.05%和8.86%。暖热性针叶林分布最少仅3株,相对丰度为0.28%。从同一生境的石灰岩山地雨林不同海拔分布来看,细脚棒束孢主要分布于低海拔和中海拔,而高海拔相对较少。从季节性分布和发生规律来看,西双版纳自然保护区细脚棒束孢的流行期为降水量较少的凉雾季10月至次年1月和干热季节3月至5月。该研究将为热带雨林生态系统细脚棒束孢分布多样性及资源利用提供一定理论依据。
Distribution and seasonal variation of Isaria tenuipes in five different habitats in tropical rainforests of Xishuangbanna Nature Reserve were investigated from July 2017 to September 2018 for the purpose of resource utilization and development of pests biocontrol agents. The five habitat types included karst monsoon forest,tropical monsoon forest, monsoon evergreen broad-leaved forest, tropical clustered bamboo forest, and warm temperate coniferous forest. Identification by morphology and molecular sequence showed a total 1061 specimens of I. tenuipes, mainly distributed in low and middle altitude habitats of the karst monsoon forest, where 272 and 267 specimens were collected, accounting for relative abundance of 25.64% and 25.16%, respectively. Second in the specimen colletion was from the monsoon evergreen broad-leaved forest and high altitude karst monsoon forest,where 179 and 150 specimens originated, covering relative abundance of 16.87% and 14.14%, respectively. The specimen numbers of I. tenuipes collected from the tropical monsoon forest and tropical clustered bamboo forest were fewer than those from the monsoon evergreen broad-leaved forest and high altitude karst monsoon forest,where 96 and 94 specimens were collected, with relative abundance of 9.05% and 8.86%, respectively. From the warm temperate coniferous forest, the fewest specimens were collected, with relative abundance of only 0.28%. I.tenuipes occurred principally in the periods from October to January in fog-cool season and March to May in dry-hot season. These results provide a theoretical basis for ecological diversity and resource utilization of I.tenuipes in rainforests ecosystem.
Distribution and seasonal variation of Isaria tenuipes in five different habitats in tropical rainforests of Xishuangbanna Nature Reserve were investigated from July 2017 to September 2018 for the purpose of resource utilization and development of pests biocontrol agents. The five habitat types included karst monsoon forest,tropical monsoon forest, monsoon evergreen broad-leaved forest, tropical clustered bamboo forest, and warm temperate coniferous forest. Identification by morphology and molecular sequence showed a total 1061 specimens of I. tenuipes, mainly distributed in low and middle altitude habitats of the karst monsoon forest, where 272 and 267 specimens were collected, accounting for relative abundance of 25.64% and 25.16%, respectively. Second in the specimen colletion was from the monsoon evergreen broad-leaved forest and high altitude karst monsoon forest,where 179 and 150 specimens originated, covering relative abundance of 16.87% and 14.14%, respectively. The specimen numbers of I. tenuipes collected from the tropical monsoon forest and tropical clustered bamboo forest were fewer than those from the monsoon evergreen broad-leaved forest and high altitude karst monsoon forest,where 96 and 94 specimens were collected, with relative abundance of 9.05% and 8.86%, respectively. From the warm temperate coniferous forest, the fewest specimens were collected, with relative abundance of only 0.28%. I.tenuipes occurred principally in the periods from October to January in fog-cool season and March to May in dry-hot season. These results provide a theoretical basis for ecological diversity and resource utilization of I.tenuipes in rainforests ecosystem.
引文
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[2]Samson R A.Paecilomyces and some allied Hyphomycetes[J].Studies in Mycology,1974,6:1-119.
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[4]Luangsa-ard J J,Hyweljones N L,Manoch L,et al.On the relationships of Paecilomyces sect.Isarioidea species[J].Mycological Research,2005,109(5):581-589.
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[10]梁宗琦,韩燕峰,初华丽.中国真菌志.第四十三卷拟青霉属,棒束孢属,戴氏霉属[J].北京:科学出版社,2013,1-154.
[11]王四宝,黄勇平,樊美珍,等.安徽大别山区虫生真菌区系的物种多样性研究[J].生物多样性,2003,11(6):475-479.
[12]王四宝刘竞男黄勃等.大别山地区虫生真菌群落结构与生态分布[J].菌物学报,2004,23(2):195-203.
[13]刘玉军,陈龙胜,周海波,等.安徽歙县油茶林昆虫病原真菌物种多样性及其季节变化[J].植物保护,2019,45(2):178-181.
[14]陈名君,刘玉军,周娜,等.皇甫山虫生真菌物种多样性研究[J].安徽农业大学学报,2009,36(4):564-567.
[15]Aung O M,Soytong K,Hyde K D.Diversity of entomopathogenic fungi in rainforests of Chiang Mai Province,Thailand[J].Fungal Diversity,2008,30:15-22.
[16]陈名君,黄勃,李增智.三种森林生态系统昆虫病原真菌优势种生态位比较[J].应用生态学报,2011,22(5):1275-1279.
[17]刘玉军,周海波,董先茹,等.紫蓬山国家森林公园虫生真菌物种多样性与分布特点[J].中国生物防治学报,2018,34(4):568-573.
[18]陈名君,黄勃,王蒙,等.琅琊山虫生真菌物种多样性和季节变化[J].应用生态学报,2007,18(9):2075-2079.
[19]Myers N,Mittermeier R A,Mittermeier C G,et al.Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities[J].Nature,2000,403(24):853-858.
[20]Cao M,Zou X,Zhu W H.Tropical forests of Xishuangbanna,China[J].Biotropica,2006,38(3):306-309.
[21]Zhang K Y.The influence of deforestation of tropical rainforest on local climate and disaster in Xishuangbanna region of China[J].Climatological Notes,1986,35:223-236.
[22]朱华,王洪,李保贵,等.西双版纳森林植被研究[J].植物科学学报,2015,33(5):641-726.
[23]Hu Y H,Cao M.Dominant species and dispersal limitation regulate tree species distributions in a 20-ha plot in Xishuangbanna,southwest China[J].Oikos,2012,121(6):952-960.
[24]Lan G,Getzin S,Wiegand T,et al.Spatial distribution and interspecific associations of tree species in a tropical seasonal rain forest of China[J].PLoSONE,2012,7(9):e46074.
[25]Zheng G,Li S,Yang X.Spider diversity in canopies of Xishuangbanna rainforest(China)indicates an alarming juggernaut effect of rubber plantations[J].Forest Ecology and Management,2015,338:200-207.
[26]Lan G,Li Y,Jatoi M T,et al.Change in soil microbial community compositions and diversity following the conversion of tropical forest to rubber plantations in Xishuangbanan,southwest China[J].Tropical Conservation Science,2017,10:1-14.
[27]Lan G,Li Y,Wu Z,et al.Impact of tropical forest conversion on soil bacterial diversity in tropical region of China[J].European Journal of Soil Biology,2017,83(1):91-97.
[28]李亦菲,郑亚强,徐天梅,等.西双版纳自然保护区白僵菌属虫生真菌多样性[J].中国生物防治学报,2018,34(4):559-567.
[29]Kikuchi H,Miyagawa Y,Sahashi Y,et al.Novel spirocyclic trichothecanes,spirotenuipesine A and B,isolated from entomopathogenic fungus,Paecilomyces tenuipes[J].Cheminform,2004,35(25):352-356.
[30]Hong I P,Nam S H,Sung G B,et al.Chemical components of Paecilomyces tenuipes(Peck)samson[J].Mycobiology,2007,35(4):215-218.
[31]Baksh A,Khan A.Pathogenicity of Paecilomyces tenuipes to diamond back moth,Plutella xylostella at three temperatures in Trinidad[J].International Journal of Agriculture and Biology,2012,14(2):261-265.
[32]Moura M G,Dunlap C A,Quintela E D,et al.First record of epizootics in the ocola skipper,Panoquina ocola(Lepidopera:Hesperiidae),caused by Isaria tenuipes in flooded rice fields of central Brazil[J].Journal of Applied Microbiology,2016,122(4):1020-1028.
[33]Khorrami F,Mehrkhou F,Mahmoudian M,et al.Pathogenicity of three different entomopathogenic fungi,Metarhizium anisopliae IRAN 2252,Nomuraea rileyi IRAN 1020C and Paecilomyces tenuipes IRAN 1026C against the potato tuber moth,Phthorimaea operculella Zeller(Lepidoptera:Gelechiidae)[J].Potato Research,2018,61(4):297-308.
[34]蒲哲龙,李增智.昆虫真菌学[M].合肥:安徽科学技术出版社,1996,553-554.
[35]Kumar S,Tamura K,Nei M.MEGA3:integrated software for molecular evolutionary genetics analysis and sequence alignment[J].Briefings in Bioinformatics,2004,5(2):150-163.
[36]宋东辉,宋淑梅,张作刚,等.历山国家级自然保护区虫生真菌资源及杀虫活性研究[J].林业科学研究,2001,14(6):628-632.
[37]李文英,贺运春,王建明,等.庞泉沟自然保护区虫生真菌资源调查[J].林业科学研究,2003,16(3):339-342.
[38]李文英,贺运春,王建明,等.山西省虫生真菌生态多样性研究[J].生物多样性,2003,11(1):53-58.
[39]徐正会,曾光.西双版纳地区不同植被亚型蚁科昆虫群落研究[J].动物学研究,1999,20(2):118-125.
[40]Duchesne L C,Peterson R L,Ellis B E.Pine root exudate stimulates the synthesis of antifungal compounds by the ectomycorrhizal fungus Paxillus involutus[J].New Phytologist,1988,108(4):471-476.
[41]卓书辉,胡能,陈康,等.五指山自然保护区不同坡向和海拔的乔木群落物种分布格局[J].热带生物学报,2017,8(4):436-443.
[42]邹文涛,姜艳,尹光天,等.石门森林公园不同海拔或坡向林地物种多样性的比较[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2014,34(4):77-81.
[43]胡志先,边丹然,赵俊芳,等.松叶蜂幼虫数量与环境因子间的关系[J].山西农业科学,2018,46(11):1918-1920.
[44]杨贵军,贾龙,张建英,等.宁夏贺兰山拟步甲科昆虫分布与地形的关系[J].环境昆虫学报,2016,38(1):77-86.
[2]Samson R A.Paecilomyces and some allied Hyphomycetes[J].Studies in Mycology,1974,6:1-119.
[3]Hodge K T,Gams W,Samson R A,et al.Lectotypification and status of Isaria Pers.:Fr[J].Taxon,2005,54(2):485-489.
[4]Luangsa-ard J J,Hyweljones N L,Manoch L,et al.On the relationships of Paecilomyces sect.Isarioidea species[J].Mycological Research,2005,109(5):581-589.
[5]Sung G H,Hyweljones N L,Sung J M,et al.Phylogenetic classification of Cordyceps and the clavicipitaceous fungi[J].Studies in Mycology,2007,57(1):5-59.
[6]Kepler R M,Luangsa-Ard J J,Hywel-Jones N L,et al.A phylogenetically-based nomenclature for Cordycipitaceae(Hypocreales)[J].IMA Fungus,2017,8(2):335-353.
[7]Taylor J W.One fungus=one name:DNA and fungal nomenclature twenty years after PCR[J].IMA Fungus,2011,2(2):113-120.
[8]Fukatsu T,Sato H,Kuriyama H.Isolation,inoculation to insect host,and molecular phylogeny of an entomogenous fungus Paecilomyces tenuipes[J].Journal of Invertebrate Pathology,1997,70(3):203-208.
[9]Castillo L P,Osorio A,Vargas N,et al.Genetic diversity of the entomopathogenic fungus Cordyceps tenuipes,in forests and butterfly gardens in Quindío,Colombia[J].Fungal Biology,2018,122(9):891-899.
[10]梁宗琦,韩燕峰,初华丽.中国真菌志.第四十三卷拟青霉属,棒束孢属,戴氏霉属[J].北京:科学出版社,2013,1-154.
[11]王四宝,黄勇平,樊美珍,等.安徽大别山区虫生真菌区系的物种多样性研究[J].生物多样性,2003,11(6):475-479.
[12]王四宝刘竞男黄勃等.大别山地区虫生真菌群落结构与生态分布[J].菌物学报,2004,23(2):195-203.
[13]刘玉军,陈龙胜,周海波,等.安徽歙县油茶林昆虫病原真菌物种多样性及其季节变化[J].植物保护,2019,45(2):178-181.
[14]陈名君,刘玉军,周娜,等.皇甫山虫生真菌物种多样性研究[J].安徽农业大学学报,2009,36(4):564-567.
[15]Aung O M,Soytong K,Hyde K D.Diversity of entomopathogenic fungi in rainforests of Chiang Mai Province,Thailand[J].Fungal Diversity,2008,30:15-22.
[16]陈名君,黄勃,李增智.三种森林生态系统昆虫病原真菌优势种生态位比较[J].应用生态学报,2011,22(5):1275-1279.
[17]刘玉军,周海波,董先茹,等.紫蓬山国家森林公园虫生真菌物种多样性与分布特点[J].中国生物防治学报,2018,34(4):568-573.
[18]陈名君,黄勃,王蒙,等.琅琊山虫生真菌物种多样性和季节变化[J].应用生态学报,2007,18(9):2075-2079.
[19]Myers N,Mittermeier R A,Mittermeier C G,et al.Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities[J].Nature,2000,403(24):853-858.
[20]Cao M,Zou X,Zhu W H.Tropical forests of Xishuangbanna,China[J].Biotropica,2006,38(3):306-309.
[21]Zhang K Y.The influence of deforestation of tropical rainforest on local climate and disaster in Xishuangbanna region of China[J].Climatological Notes,1986,35:223-236.
[22]朱华,王洪,李保贵,等.西双版纳森林植被研究[J].植物科学学报,2015,33(5):641-726.
[23]Hu Y H,Cao M.Dominant species and dispersal limitation regulate tree species distributions in a 20-ha plot in Xishuangbanna,southwest China[J].Oikos,2012,121(6):952-960.
[24]Lan G,Getzin S,Wiegand T,et al.Spatial distribution and interspecific associations of tree species in a tropical seasonal rain forest of China[J].PLoSONE,2012,7(9):e46074.
[25]Zheng G,Li S,Yang X.Spider diversity in canopies of Xishuangbanna rainforest(China)indicates an alarming juggernaut effect of rubber plantations[J].Forest Ecology and Management,2015,338:200-207.
[26]Lan G,Li Y,Jatoi M T,et al.Change in soil microbial community compositions and diversity following the conversion of tropical forest to rubber plantations in Xishuangbanan,southwest China[J].Tropical Conservation Science,2017,10:1-14.
[27]Lan G,Li Y,Wu Z,et al.Impact of tropical forest conversion on soil bacterial diversity in tropical region of China[J].European Journal of Soil Biology,2017,83(1):91-97.
[28]李亦菲,郑亚强,徐天梅,等.西双版纳自然保护区白僵菌属虫生真菌多样性[J].中国生物防治学报,2018,34(4):559-567.
[29]Kikuchi H,Miyagawa Y,Sahashi Y,et al.Novel spirocyclic trichothecanes,spirotenuipesine A and B,isolated from entomopathogenic fungus,Paecilomyces tenuipes[J].Cheminform,2004,35(25):352-356.
[30]Hong I P,Nam S H,Sung G B,et al.Chemical components of Paecilomyces tenuipes(Peck)samson[J].Mycobiology,2007,35(4):215-218.
[31]Baksh A,Khan A.Pathogenicity of Paecilomyces tenuipes to diamond back moth,Plutella xylostella at three temperatures in Trinidad[J].International Journal of Agriculture and Biology,2012,14(2):261-265.
[32]Moura M G,Dunlap C A,Quintela E D,et al.First record of epizootics in the ocola skipper,Panoquina ocola(Lepidopera:Hesperiidae),caused by Isaria tenuipes in flooded rice fields of central Brazil[J].Journal of Applied Microbiology,2016,122(4):1020-1028.
[33]Khorrami F,Mehrkhou F,Mahmoudian M,et al.Pathogenicity of three different entomopathogenic fungi,Metarhizium anisopliae IRAN 2252,Nomuraea rileyi IRAN 1020C and Paecilomyces tenuipes IRAN 1026C against the potato tuber moth,Phthorimaea operculella Zeller(Lepidoptera:Gelechiidae)[J].Potato Research,2018,61(4):297-308.
[34]蒲哲龙,李增智.昆虫真菌学[M].合肥:安徽科学技术出版社,1996,553-554.
[35]Kumar S,Tamura K,Nei M.MEGA3:integrated software for molecular evolutionary genetics analysis and sequence alignment[J].Briefings in Bioinformatics,2004,5(2):150-163.
[36]宋东辉,宋淑梅,张作刚,等.历山国家级自然保护区虫生真菌资源及杀虫活性研究[J].林业科学研究,2001,14(6):628-632.
[37]李文英,贺运春,王建明,等.庞泉沟自然保护区虫生真菌资源调查[J].林业科学研究,2003,16(3):339-342.
[38]李文英,贺运春,王建明,等.山西省虫生真菌生态多样性研究[J].生物多样性,2003,11(1):53-58.
[39]徐正会,曾光.西双版纳地区不同植被亚型蚁科昆虫群落研究[J].动物学研究,1999,20(2):118-125.
[40]Duchesne L C,Peterson R L,Ellis B E.Pine root exudate stimulates the synthesis of antifungal compounds by the ectomycorrhizal fungus Paxillus involutus[J].New Phytologist,1988,108(4):471-476.
[41]卓书辉,胡能,陈康,等.五指山自然保护区不同坡向和海拔的乔木群落物种分布格局[J].热带生物学报,2017,8(4):436-443.
[42]邹文涛,姜艳,尹光天,等.石门森林公园不同海拔或坡向林地物种多样性的比较[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2014,34(4):77-81.
[43]胡志先,边丹然,赵俊芳,等.松叶蜂幼虫数量与环境因子间的关系[J].山西农业科学,2018,46(11):1918-1920.
[44]杨贵军,贾龙,张建英,等.宁夏贺兰山拟步甲科昆虫分布与地形的关系[J].环境昆虫学报,2016,38(1):77-86.