居穗非洲人健康状况及对中国医疗服务评价
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摘要
目的探讨居穗非洲人群的健康状况及对中国医疗服务的评价及其影响因素,为后续针对性医疗卫生服务的开展提供科学依据。方法 2016年1—2月在广州市公安局出入境办证大厅共收集非洲人调查问卷330份。问卷采用13种不同语言版本的电子问卷,由研究对象通过电脑平板自填完成。采用χ2检验和多因素logistic回归对影响因素进行分析。结果 330位调查对象中,男性占81.2%;57.9%的人在华累计居留时间不超过6个月;认为身体健康差者占6.1%;在华期间有过健康问题者占10.6%;在华有医疗保险者占32.7%;5.1%、38.5%和56.4%的调查对象对中国医疗服务的总体评价分别为差、一般和好。在华累计居留时间较长者认为自身健康差的可能性较大(OR=3.37,P <0.05);完全不懂中文的人在华期间有过健康问题的可能性较小(OR=0.24,P <0.01);婚姻状况(OR=7.33,P <0.01)、签证类型(OR=5.19,P <0.05)、参加过在广州的商会/同乡会(OR=3.29,P <0.05)、在华接受过教育(OR=4.05,P <0.05)是居穗非洲人对中国医疗服务总体评价的影响因素。结论在"南南合作"和"一带一路"战略背景下,可以预期未来来华的非洲人数量有增长的趋势。因此,来华非洲人的在中国的健康状况和医疗卫生服务需求不容忽视,亟待进一步开展深入研究和服务模式的探讨。
Objective To examine health status of African migrants in Guangzhou city and the migrants′ evaluation on health services in China and influencing factors of the evaluations for providing evidences for the improvement of the medical service in the population. Methods We conducted a questionnaire survey among 330 African migrants visiting Guangzhou Exit-Entry Administration Office between January and February 2016. An electronic questionnaire in thirteen languages was completed by the migrants on a tablet. Chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression were used in data analyses. Results Of all the participants, 81.2% were male; 57.9% had spent no more than 6 cumulative months in China;6.1% reported a self-evaluated unhealthy status; 10.6% experienced health problems while in China; 32.7% had medical insurance in China. Among the participants, 5.1%, 38.5% and 56.4% considered the overall health service in China being poor, fair, and good, respectively. The participants staying in China for a longer period were more likely to report a poor selfrated health status(odds ratio [OR] = 3.37, P < 0.05) and those could not communicate in Chinese at all were less likely having a health problem in China(OR = 0.24, P < 0.01); while, the participants with a cohabiting partner or a regular sex partners(OR = 7.33, P < 0.01), having a visa type other than business or work or student(OR = 5.19, P < 0.05), ever participating in a chamber of commerce or hometown association in Guangzhou city(OR = 3.29, P < 0.05), and receiving education in China(OR = 4.05, P < 0.05) were more likely to reported a poor evaluation on health service in China.Conclusion There will be more African migrants to China. Therefore, The health status and health needs of African migrants should not be ignored and more in-depth studies on the issues are needed for the promotion of 'South-South Collaboration' and 'Belt and Road' strategy.
Objective To examine health status of African migrants in Guangzhou city and the migrants′ evaluation on health services in China and influencing factors of the evaluations for providing evidences for the improvement of the medical service in the population. Methods We conducted a questionnaire survey among 330 African migrants visiting Guangzhou Exit-Entry Administration Office between January and February 2016. An electronic questionnaire in thirteen languages was completed by the migrants on a tablet. Chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression were used in data analyses. Results Of all the participants, 81.2% were male; 57.9% had spent no more than 6 cumulative months in China;6.1% reported a self-evaluated unhealthy status; 10.6% experienced health problems while in China; 32.7% had medical insurance in China. Among the participants, 5.1%, 38.5% and 56.4% considered the overall health service in China being poor, fair, and good, respectively. The participants staying in China for a longer period were more likely to report a poor selfrated health status(odds ratio [OR] = 3.37, P < 0.05) and those could not communicate in Chinese at all were less likely having a health problem in China(OR = 0.24, P < 0.01); while, the participants with a cohabiting partner or a regular sex partners(OR = 7.33, P < 0.01), having a visa type other than business or work or student(OR = 5.19, P < 0.05), ever participating in a chamber of commerce or hometown association in Guangzhou city(OR = 3.29, P < 0.05), and receiving education in China(OR = 4.05, P < 0.05) were more likely to reported a poor evaluation on health service in China.Conclusion There will be more African migrants to China. Therefore, The health status and health needs of African migrants should not be ignored and more in-depth studies on the issues are needed for the promotion of 'South-South Collaboration' and 'Belt and Road' strategy.
引文
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[18]Sweileh WM,Wickramage K,Pottie K,et al.Bibliometric analysis of global migration health research in peer-reviewed literature(2000-2016)[J].BMC Public Health,2018,18:777.
[2]International Organization for Migration.World migration report2015:new cooperation in managing population movements[R].Switzerland:International Organization for Migration,2015.
[3]新快报.广州现有在住外国人8.8万[EB/OL].2017.http://news.163.com/17/0511/02/CK4F90FL00018AOP.html.
[4]Lavinia C.African diaspora in Guangzhou China-a healthcare needs assessment[D].Atlanta:Faculty of the Rollins School of Public Health of Emory University,2012.
[5]Zhang L.Ethnic congregation in a globalizing city:the case of Guangzhou,China[J].Cities,2008,25(6):383-395.
[6]Lin L,Brown KB,Yu F,et al.Health care experiences and perceived barriers to health care access:a qualitative study among African migrants in Guangzhou,Guangdong province,China[J].Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health,2015,17(5):1509-1517.
[7]Mclaughlin MM,Simonson L,Zou X,et al.African migrant patients'trust in Chinese physicians:a social ecological approach to understanding patient-physician trust[J].PLoS One,2015,10(5):e123255.
[8]McLaughlin MM,Lee MC,Hall BJ,et al.Improving health services for African migrants in China:a health diplomacy perspective[J].Global Public Health,2014,9(5):579-589.
[9]Monge-Maillo B,Lopez-Velez R,Norman FF,et al.Screening of imported infectious diseases among asymptomatic Sub-Saharan African and Latin American immigrants:a public health challenge[J].American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene,2015,92(4):848-856.
[10]Guirgis M,Nusair F,Bu YM,et al.Barriers faced by migrants in accessing healthcare for viral hepatitis infection[J].Internal Medicine Journal,2012,42(5):491-496.
[11]Harari N,Davis M,Heisler M.Strangers in a strange land:health care experiences for recent Latino immigrants in Midwest communities[J].Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved,2008,19(4):1350-1367.
[12]Morales LS,Lara M,Kington RS,et al.Socioeconomic,cultural,and behavioral factors affecting Hispanic health outcomes[J].Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved,2002,13(4):477-503.
[13]Bunevicius R,Kusminskas L,Bunevicius A,et al.Psychosocial risk factors for depression during pregnancy[J].Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica,2009,88(5):599-605.
[14]Hall BJ,Chen W,Latkin C,et al.Africans in south China face social and health barriers[J].The Lancet,2014,383(9925):1291-1292.
[15]Ochieng BM.Black African immigrants:the barriers with accessing and utilizing health promotion services in the UK[J].The European Journal of Public Health,2013,23(2):265-269.
[16]Anagnostopoulos DC,Triantafyllou K,Xylouris G,et al.Migration mental health issues in Europe:the case of Greece[J].European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry,2016,25(1):119-122.
[17]McCann TV,Mugavin J,Renzaho A,et al.Sub-Saharan African migrant youths'help-seeking barriers and facilitators for mental health and substance use problems:a qualitative study[J].BMCPsychiatry,2016,16(1):275.
[18]Sweileh WM,Wickramage K,Pottie K,et al.Bibliometric analysis of global migration health research in peer-reviewed literature(2000-2016)[J].BMC Public Health,2018,18:777.