不同产地海带脂肪酸组成的比较分析
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摘要
为比较分析不同产地海带的脂肪酸组成,本研究采用溶剂法对海带总脂提取条件进行优化,并通过气相色谱-质谱技术对福州、宁波和青岛3个产地海带的总脂脂肪酸组成进行比较分析。结果表明,二氯甲烷-甲醇法提取海带总脂的效率较高,是海带总脂提取的理想方法;福州、宁波和青岛海带的总脂含量依次为0. 75%、0. 69%和0. 86%,且无显著差异。从海带总脂中共鉴定出30种脂肪酸,以C16:0、C18:1n-9、C20:4n-6(AA)和C20:5n-3(EPA)为主,且3个产地海带在脂肪酸组成上存在显著差异。福州产地海带中的C20:4n-6和C20:5n-3含量分别为10. 12%、6. 18%,其中C20:4n-6含量显著高于宁波(9. 41%)和青岛(8. 77%),C20:5n-3含量显著低于宁波(8. 13%)和青岛(9. 40%),进而使3个产地海带中的n-3 PUFA、n-6 PUFA、n-3/n-6、EPA+AA和EPA/AA等指标存在显著差异。本研究结果为不同产地海带总脂提取、脂肪酸比较分析及营养评价提供了一定的理论依据。
In order to analyze comparatively the fatty acid compositions of Laminaria japonica from difference origins,the total lipid extraction conditions of Laminaria japonica from three origins( Fuzhou,Ningbo and Qingdao) were optimized by solvent methods,and the fatty acid compositions were analyzed by GC-MS in this study. The results indicated that extraction with dichloromethane-methanol was an ideal method for lipid extraction fromLaminaria japonica with high extraction efficiency. The total lipid contents of Laminaria japonica from Fuzhou,Ningbo and Qingdao were 0. 75%,0. 69% and 0. 86%,respectively,with no significant difference. Additionally,thirty kinds of fatty acids were identified from total lipids of Laminaria japonica,which were mainly composed of C16: 0,C18: 1 n-9,C20: 4 n-6( AA) and C20: 5 n-3( EPA). Meanwhile,significant differences were existed in fatty acid compositions from different origins. The contents of C20: 4 n-6 and C20: 5 n-3 in Fuzhou samples were 10.12% and 6.18%,respectively,and the content of C20: 4 n-6 was significantly higher than those in Ningbo( 9.41%) and Qingdao( 8.77%),while the content of C20: 5 n-3 was significantly lower than those in Ningbo( 8.13%) and Qingdao( 9.40%). Hence,the indexes( n-3 PUFA,n-6 PUFA,n-3/n-6,EPA+AA and EPA/AA) of Laminaria japonica from three origins were significantly different. This research provided theoretical basis for total lipid extraction,fatty acid analysis and nutritional evaluation of Luminaria japonica rom different origins.
In order to analyze comparatively the fatty acid compositions of Laminaria japonica from difference origins,the total lipid extraction conditions of Laminaria japonica from three origins( Fuzhou,Ningbo and Qingdao) were optimized by solvent methods,and the fatty acid compositions were analyzed by GC-MS in this study. The results indicated that extraction with dichloromethane-methanol was an ideal method for lipid extraction fromLaminaria japonica with high extraction efficiency. The total lipid contents of Laminaria japonica from Fuzhou,Ningbo and Qingdao were 0. 75%,0. 69% and 0. 86%,respectively,with no significant difference. Additionally,thirty kinds of fatty acids were identified from total lipids of Laminaria japonica,which were mainly composed of C16: 0,C18: 1 n-9,C20: 4 n-6( AA) and C20: 5 n-3( EPA). Meanwhile,significant differences were existed in fatty acid compositions from different origins. The contents of C20: 4 n-6 and C20: 5 n-3 in Fuzhou samples were 10.12% and 6.18%,respectively,and the content of C20: 4 n-6 was significantly higher than those in Ningbo( 9.41%) and Qingdao( 8.77%),while the content of C20: 5 n-3 was significantly lower than those in Ningbo( 8.13%) and Qingdao( 9.40%). Hence,the indexes( n-3 PUFA,n-6 PUFA,n-3/n-6,EPA+AA and EPA/AA) of Laminaria japonica from three origins were significantly different. This research provided theoretical basis for total lipid extraction,fatty acid analysis and nutritional evaluation of Luminaria japonica rom different origins.
引文
[1]盛晓风,赵艳芳,尚德荣,宁劲松,郭莹莹.海带不同生长时期营养成分和主要元素差异比较[J].食品科技,2011,36(12):66-68
[2]张悦,王静,李铁军.海带多糖抗肿瘤活性研究进展[J].药学实践杂志,2016,34(5):393-395
[3]姚海芹,王飞久,刘福利,梁洲瑞,汪文俊,孙修涛,李晓蕾.食用海带品系营养成分分析与评价[J].食品科学,2016,37(12):95-98
[4]刘敏,彭臻菲,方哲翔,张其清,许小平.海带多糖硫酸酯对b FGF诱导的血管平滑肌细胞增殖的影响[J].食品科学,2013,34(3):257-260
[5]宋武林.海带的主要功能及加工利用研究现状[J].福建水产,2016,38(1):81-86
[6]樊琳,娄永江,陈小芳,孙佩璇.亚微米级海带粉制备技术研究及物理特性分析[J].核农学报,2016,30(1):120-129
[7]曹增梅,王伟伟,曲艳艳,王娜,梁广津,刘晓朋.海带“东方7号”氨基酸季节变化分析与评价[J].水产科学,2017,36(2):132-137
[8]农业部渔业局. 2016中国渔业统计年鉴[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2016
[9] Yan F,Hao H. Effects of Laminaria japonica polysaccharides on exercise endurance and oxidative stress in forced swimming mouse model[J]. Journal of Biological Research-Thessaloniki,2016,23(1):1-7
[10]谢瑾,林宗毅,王智荣,张少敏,崔春.海带多糖酶法降解及其产物生物活性的研究[J].食品研究与开发,2016,37(20):23-27
[11] Peng F H,Zha X Q,Cui S H,Asghar M N,Pan L H,Wang J H,Luo J P. Purification, structure features and anti-atherosclerosis activity of a Laminaria japonica polysaccharide[J]. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules,2015,81(4):926-935
[12]康静,李萌,冯冲,李永海.海带多酚的分离提取及对小鼠抗氧化能力的影响[J].食品科技,2011,36(7):178-181
[13]黄晓林,郑优,单琰婷,姜蒙蒙,南海函.海带化学成分和药理活性研究进展[J].浙江农业科学,2015,56(2):246-250
[14]何芝洲,曾峻龙,梁少敏,林志隆,陈志雄,袁观富,樊亚鸣.采用GC-MS分析不同甲酯化条件下的海带脂肪酸[J].食品研究与开发,2014,35(14):83-86
[15]黄俊辉,曾庆孝,佘纲哲.超临界萃取法提取海带多不饱和脂肪酸的研究[J].华南理工大学学报(自然科学版),2001,29(12):79-83
[16] Folch J,Lees M,Sloane-Stanley G H. A simple method for the isolation and purification of total lipids from animal tissues[J].Journal of Biological Chemistry,1957,226(1):497-509
[17]楼乔明,王玉明,杨文鸽,徐大伦,薛长湖.南极磷虾粉脂质及脂肪酸组成分析[J].水产学报,2012,36(8):1256-1262
[18] Hara A,Radin N S. Lipid extraction of tissues with a low-toxicity solvent[J]. Analytical Biochemistry,1978,90(1):420-426
[19]韩菊,魏福祥,云自厚.采用低毒溶剂提取脂质[J].分析化学,2002,30(4):450-453
[20] MatyashⅤ, Liebisch G, Kurzchalia TⅤ, Shevchenko A,Schwudke D. Lipid extraction by methyl-tert-butyl ether for highthroughput lipidomics[J]. Journal of Lipid Research,2008,49(5):1137-1146
[21]楼乔明,杨文鸽,徐大伦,郑贤孟,薛长湖.多支链饱和脂肪酸质谱特征及其在海洋动物中的含量分析[J].核农学报,2013,27(3):334-339
[22]梁楠楠,张良晓,王向利,谭斌斌,梁逸曾.质谱特征结合等效链长定性分析植物油中的脂肪酸[J].分析化学,2011,39(8):1166-1170
[23] Hansen J,Berge G M,Hillestad M,Krogdahl A,Galloway T F,Holm H, Holm J, Ruyter B. Apparent digestion and apparent retention of lipid and fatty acids in Atlantic cod(Gadus morhua)fed increasing dietary lipid levels[J]. Aquaculture,2008,284(1/4):159-166
[24]楼乔明,王玉明,刘小芳,李国云,薛长湖,李红艳.南极磷虾脂肪酸组成及多不饱和脂肪酸质谱特征分析[J].中国水产科学,2011,18(4):929-935
[25]李涛,王飞久,孙修涛,汪文俊,刘福利,丁昌玲,梁洲瑞,刘坤.黄官1号海带在不同海域的营养成分分析与评价[J].食品科技,2012,37(11):70-75
[26]李晓川.我国鲜海带加工的综合利用[J].中国水产,2012(10):22-23
[27] Goncharova S N,Kostetsky E Y,Sanina N M. The effect of seasonal shifts in temperature on the lipid composition of marine macrophytes[J]. Russian Journal of Plant Physiology,2004,51(2):169-175
[28]冯小峻,邓舟,陆慧宁,佘志刚,顾晨曦,刘涛,陈省平. GN海带新品系脂肪酸的气相色谱-质谱联用分析[J].中山大学学报(自然科学版),2010,49(6):139-141
[29]楼乔明,张问,刘连亮,杨文鸽,张进杰,薛长湖.狭鳕鱼皮脂肪酸组成分析及其营养评价[J].核农学报,2016,30(2):332-337
[30]李宪璀,范晓,韩丽君,严小军,娄清香.中国黄、渤海常见大型海藻的脂肪酸组成[J].海洋与湖沼,2002,33(2):215-224
[31]许强,高菲,杨红生.海带组织降解过程中定殖微型生物群落的特征[J].水产学报,2010,34(12):1853-1859
[32] Honya M,Kinoshita T,Ishikawa M,Mori H,Nisizawa K. Seasonal variation in the lipid content of cultured Laminaria japonica:fatty acids,sterols,β-carotene and tocopherol[J]. Journal of Applied Phycology,1994,6(1):25-29
[33] Gerasimenko NⅠ,Busarova N G,Logvinov SⅤ. Seasonal changes in the content of lipids and photosynthetic pigments in a brown alga Saccharina cichorioides[J]. Russian Journal of Plant Physiology,2014,61(6):893-898
[34]柳泽深,姜悦,陈峰.花生四烯酸、二十二碳六烯酸和二十碳五烯酸在炎症中的作用概述[J].食品安全质量检测学报,2016,7(10):3890-3899
[35]陶磊,傅淑霞.花生四烯酸与氧化应激的研究进展[J].中国病理生理杂志,2011,27(11):2233-2236
[36]翟量,沈立荣.富含EPA微藻油超声波辅助溶剂法提取工艺优化及脂肪酸成分分析[J].食品安全质量检测学报,2016,7(2):809-815
[37] Dasilva G,Pazos M,García-Egido E,Gallardo J M,RodríguezⅠ,Cela R,MedinaⅠ. Healthy effect of different proportions of marineω-3 PUFAs EPA and DHA supplementation in Wistar rats:lipidomic biomarkers of oxidative stress and inflammation[J].Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry,2015,26(11):1385-1392
[2]张悦,王静,李铁军.海带多糖抗肿瘤活性研究进展[J].药学实践杂志,2016,34(5):393-395
[3]姚海芹,王飞久,刘福利,梁洲瑞,汪文俊,孙修涛,李晓蕾.食用海带品系营养成分分析与评价[J].食品科学,2016,37(12):95-98
[4]刘敏,彭臻菲,方哲翔,张其清,许小平.海带多糖硫酸酯对b FGF诱导的血管平滑肌细胞增殖的影响[J].食品科学,2013,34(3):257-260
[5]宋武林.海带的主要功能及加工利用研究现状[J].福建水产,2016,38(1):81-86
[6]樊琳,娄永江,陈小芳,孙佩璇.亚微米级海带粉制备技术研究及物理特性分析[J].核农学报,2016,30(1):120-129
[7]曹增梅,王伟伟,曲艳艳,王娜,梁广津,刘晓朋.海带“东方7号”氨基酸季节变化分析与评价[J].水产科学,2017,36(2):132-137
[8]农业部渔业局. 2016中国渔业统计年鉴[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2016
[9] Yan F,Hao H. Effects of Laminaria japonica polysaccharides on exercise endurance and oxidative stress in forced swimming mouse model[J]. Journal of Biological Research-Thessaloniki,2016,23(1):1-7
[10]谢瑾,林宗毅,王智荣,张少敏,崔春.海带多糖酶法降解及其产物生物活性的研究[J].食品研究与开发,2016,37(20):23-27
[11] Peng F H,Zha X Q,Cui S H,Asghar M N,Pan L H,Wang J H,Luo J P. Purification, structure features and anti-atherosclerosis activity of a Laminaria japonica polysaccharide[J]. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules,2015,81(4):926-935
[12]康静,李萌,冯冲,李永海.海带多酚的分离提取及对小鼠抗氧化能力的影响[J].食品科技,2011,36(7):178-181
[13]黄晓林,郑优,单琰婷,姜蒙蒙,南海函.海带化学成分和药理活性研究进展[J].浙江农业科学,2015,56(2):246-250
[14]何芝洲,曾峻龙,梁少敏,林志隆,陈志雄,袁观富,樊亚鸣.采用GC-MS分析不同甲酯化条件下的海带脂肪酸[J].食品研究与开发,2014,35(14):83-86
[15]黄俊辉,曾庆孝,佘纲哲.超临界萃取法提取海带多不饱和脂肪酸的研究[J].华南理工大学学报(自然科学版),2001,29(12):79-83
[16] Folch J,Lees M,Sloane-Stanley G H. A simple method for the isolation and purification of total lipids from animal tissues[J].Journal of Biological Chemistry,1957,226(1):497-509
[17]楼乔明,王玉明,杨文鸽,徐大伦,薛长湖.南极磷虾粉脂质及脂肪酸组成分析[J].水产学报,2012,36(8):1256-1262
[18] Hara A,Radin N S. Lipid extraction of tissues with a low-toxicity solvent[J]. Analytical Biochemistry,1978,90(1):420-426
[19]韩菊,魏福祥,云自厚.采用低毒溶剂提取脂质[J].分析化学,2002,30(4):450-453
[20] MatyashⅤ, Liebisch G, Kurzchalia TⅤ, Shevchenko A,Schwudke D. Lipid extraction by methyl-tert-butyl ether for highthroughput lipidomics[J]. Journal of Lipid Research,2008,49(5):1137-1146
[21]楼乔明,杨文鸽,徐大伦,郑贤孟,薛长湖.多支链饱和脂肪酸质谱特征及其在海洋动物中的含量分析[J].核农学报,2013,27(3):334-339
[22]梁楠楠,张良晓,王向利,谭斌斌,梁逸曾.质谱特征结合等效链长定性分析植物油中的脂肪酸[J].分析化学,2011,39(8):1166-1170
[23] Hansen J,Berge G M,Hillestad M,Krogdahl A,Galloway T F,Holm H, Holm J, Ruyter B. Apparent digestion and apparent retention of lipid and fatty acids in Atlantic cod(Gadus morhua)fed increasing dietary lipid levels[J]. Aquaculture,2008,284(1/4):159-166
[24]楼乔明,王玉明,刘小芳,李国云,薛长湖,李红艳.南极磷虾脂肪酸组成及多不饱和脂肪酸质谱特征分析[J].中国水产科学,2011,18(4):929-935
[25]李涛,王飞久,孙修涛,汪文俊,刘福利,丁昌玲,梁洲瑞,刘坤.黄官1号海带在不同海域的营养成分分析与评价[J].食品科技,2012,37(11):70-75
[26]李晓川.我国鲜海带加工的综合利用[J].中国水产,2012(10):22-23
[27] Goncharova S N,Kostetsky E Y,Sanina N M. The effect of seasonal shifts in temperature on the lipid composition of marine macrophytes[J]. Russian Journal of Plant Physiology,2004,51(2):169-175
[28]冯小峻,邓舟,陆慧宁,佘志刚,顾晨曦,刘涛,陈省平. GN海带新品系脂肪酸的气相色谱-质谱联用分析[J].中山大学学报(自然科学版),2010,49(6):139-141
[29]楼乔明,张问,刘连亮,杨文鸽,张进杰,薛长湖.狭鳕鱼皮脂肪酸组成分析及其营养评价[J].核农学报,2016,30(2):332-337
[30]李宪璀,范晓,韩丽君,严小军,娄清香.中国黄、渤海常见大型海藻的脂肪酸组成[J].海洋与湖沼,2002,33(2):215-224
[31]许强,高菲,杨红生.海带组织降解过程中定殖微型生物群落的特征[J].水产学报,2010,34(12):1853-1859
[32] Honya M,Kinoshita T,Ishikawa M,Mori H,Nisizawa K. Seasonal variation in the lipid content of cultured Laminaria japonica:fatty acids,sterols,β-carotene and tocopherol[J]. Journal of Applied Phycology,1994,6(1):25-29
[33] Gerasimenko NⅠ,Busarova N G,Logvinov SⅤ. Seasonal changes in the content of lipids and photosynthetic pigments in a brown alga Saccharina cichorioides[J]. Russian Journal of Plant Physiology,2014,61(6):893-898
[34]柳泽深,姜悦,陈峰.花生四烯酸、二十二碳六烯酸和二十碳五烯酸在炎症中的作用概述[J].食品安全质量检测学报,2016,7(10):3890-3899
[35]陶磊,傅淑霞.花生四烯酸与氧化应激的研究进展[J].中国病理生理杂志,2011,27(11):2233-2236
[36]翟量,沈立荣.富含EPA微藻油超声波辅助溶剂法提取工艺优化及脂肪酸成分分析[J].食品安全质量检测学报,2016,7(2):809-815
[37] Dasilva G,Pazos M,García-Egido E,Gallardo J M,RodríguezⅠ,Cela R,MedinaⅠ. Healthy effect of different proportions of marineω-3 PUFAs EPA and DHA supplementation in Wistar rats:lipidomic biomarkers of oxidative stress and inflammation[J].Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry,2015,26(11):1385-1392