社会网络视角下跨区域产学协同创新绩效的影响因素研究
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摘要
基于社会网络分析方法,构建以中国各省份为结点、省份间协同创新绩效为联结的跨区域产学协同创新网络,以负二项回归模型探究跨区域产学协同创新绩效的影响因素,得出结论:个体网络的网络规模、中心度、结构洞以及整体网络的中心势,均对跨区域产学协同创新绩效有显著的正向影响;整体网络层面的中心势和密度,负向调节个体网络层面的网络规模、中心度和结构洞对跨区域产学协同创新绩效的正向影响作用。当前,应扩大各省份产学协同创新网络规模,促进知识流动和扩散,提高地方创新效率,辅以有效的政府资源配置,提高国家创新能力。
This paper uses the method of social network analysis to construct the cross-regional industry-university(I-U)collaborative innovation network,which takes provinces as the nodes and the cooperation innovation performances among provinces as the ties,the negative binomial regression model is used to explore the influencing factors of cross-regional I-U collaborative innovation performance of China. The conclusions are drawn as follows:size, centrality and structure hole of the ego network and the centralization of the whole network have a significant positive effect on the cross-regional I-U collaborative innovation performance, as well as the centralization and density of the whole network negative moderate the size, centrality and structure hole of the ego network on the cross-regional I-U collaborative innovation performance. Currently, regions should expand the scale to promote the flow and diffusion of knowledge, where government allocating resources effectively and the innovation ability of local provinces and China can be improved.
This paper uses the method of social network analysis to construct the cross-regional industry-university(I-U)collaborative innovation network,which takes provinces as the nodes and the cooperation innovation performances among provinces as the ties,the negative binomial regression model is used to explore the influencing factors of cross-regional I-U collaborative innovation performance of China. The conclusions are drawn as follows:size, centrality and structure hole of the ego network and the centralization of the whole network have a significant positive effect on the cross-regional I-U collaborative innovation performance, as well as the centralization and density of the whole network negative moderate the size, centrality and structure hole of the ego network on the cross-regional I-U collaborative innovation performance. Currently, regions should expand the scale to promote the flow and diffusion of knowledge, where government allocating resources effectively and the innovation ability of local provinces and China can be improved.
引文
[1]刘芳芳,冯锋.产学研跨区域合作现状及特征研究[J].科学学与科学技术管理, 2015(36):83-92.
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[12]CHEN Z F, GUAN J CH. The impact of small world on innovation:an empirical study of 16 countries[J]. Journal of Informetrics,2010, 4(1):97-106.
[13]崔芳,孙笑明,熊旺,等.关键研发者自我中心网络变化对企业创新绩效的影响:以整体网络为中介变量[J].科技进步与对策, 2016, 34(17):80-90.
[14]FREEMANL C. Centrality in social networks conceptual clarification[J]. Social Networks, 1978, 1(3):215-239.
[15]池仁勇.区域中小企业创新网络形成、结构属性与功能提升:浙江省实证考察[J].管理世界, 2005(10):102-112.
[16]解学梅,左蕾蕾.企业协同创新网络特征与创新绩效:基于知识吸收能力的中介效应研究[J].南开管理评论, 2013, 16(3):47-56.
[17]TSAI W. Knowledge transfer in intraorganizational networks:effects of network position and absorptive capacity on business unit innovation and performance[J]. Academy of Management Journal, 2001, 44(5):996-1004.
[18]钱锡红,杨永福,徐万里.企业网络位置、吸收能力与创新绩效:一个交互效应模型[J].管理世界, 2010(5):118-129.
[19]CHULUUN T, PREVOST A, UPADHYAY A. Firm network structure and innovation[J]. Journal of Corporate Finance,2017,44:193-214.
[20]BURT R S. Structural holes:the social structure of competition[M].Boston:Harvard University Press, 1992.
[21]SINGH V G, ZAHEER A, HERNANDEZ E. The embeddedness of networks:institutions, structural holes, and innovativeness in the fuel cell industry[J]. Organization Science, 2013, 24(3):645-663.
[22]魏龙,党兴华.网络闭合、知识基础与创新催化:动态结构洞的调节[J].管理科学, 2017, 30(3):83-96.
[23]袁康,汤超颖,李美智,等.导师合著网络对博士生科研产出的影响[J].管理评论, 2016, 28(9):228-237.
[24]苟德轩,沙勇忠.产学研合作创新网络结构测度与分析[J].情报杂志, 2013, 32(6):191-197.
[25]HUR W CH, PARK J H. Network patterns of inventor collaboration and their effects on innovation outputs[J]. Sustainability, 2016,8(4):295.
[26]赵炎,王琦,郑向杰.网络邻近性、地理邻近性对知识转移绩效的影响[J].科研管理, 2016(1):128-136.
[27]COLEMAN J S. Social capital in the creation of human capital[J].American Journal of Sociology, 1988,94:95-120.
[28]张红娟,谭劲松.联盟网络与企业创新绩效:跨层次分析[J].管理世界, 2014(3):163-169.
[29]ALMEIDA P, HOHBERGER J, PARADA P. Individual scientific collaborations and firm-level innovation[J].Industrial and Corporate Change, 2011, 20(6):1571-1599.
[30]GUAN J CH, ZUO K R, CHEN K H, et al. Does country-level R&D efficiency benefit from the collaboration network structure?[J].Research Policy, 2016, 45(4):770-784.
[31]任胜钢,吴娟,王龙伟.网络嵌入与企业创新绩效研究:网络能力的调节效应检验[J].研究与发展管理, 2011, 23(3):16-24.
[32]马涛,郭进利.基于加权超图的区域校企合作申请专利超网络模型:以浙江ICT产业为例[J].技术经济, 2016, 35(12):76-81.
[33]夏丽娟,谢富纪,王海花.制度邻近、技术邻近与产学协同创新绩效:基于产学联合专利数据的研究[J].科学学研究,2017, 35(5):782-791.
[34]翟东升,王猛,张杰,等.靶向技术创新网络演化测度方法研究[J].现代图书情报技术, 2016(11):64-75.
[35]林聚任.社会网络分析:理论、方法与应用[M].北京:北京师范大学出版社, 2009:107-117.
[2]中华人民共和国国务院.“十三五”国家科技创新规划[Z].北京:国务院,2016.
[3]周涵婷,余晓,宋明顺.浙江省高校产学研协同创新网络结构特征分析[J].科研管理, 2017, 38(增刊1):164-170.
[4]HONG W, SU Y-S. The effect of institutional proximity in non-local university-industry collaborations:an analysis based on Chinese patent data[J].ResearchPolicy, 2013,42(2):454-464.
[5]VILLANI E, RASMUSSEN E, GRIMALDI R. How intermediary organizations facilitate university-industry technology transfer:a proximity approach[J].Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 2017,114:86-102.
[6]胡杨.产学研合作创新的影响因素:兼论地理邻近对产学研合作创新的影响[J].沈阳大学学报(社会科学版), 2016, 18(2):157-163.
[7]魏同洋,马英楠,靳宗振.我国高技术产业创新绩效与区域差异性研究[J].科技和产业, 2014, 14(5):45-52, 58.
[8]于明洁,郭鹏,张果.区域创新网络结构对区域创新效率的影响研究[J].科学学与科学技术管理, 2013, 34(8):56-63.
[9]JIAO H, ZHOU J H, GAO T SH, et al. The more interactions the better? The moderating effect of the interaction between local producers and users of knowledge on the relationship between R&D investment and regional innovation systems[J].Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 2016,110:13-20.
[10]李琳,吴越.地理邻近、网络位置对产学联盟合作创新的影响[J].中国科技论坛, 2014(9):75-78, 83.
[11]OWEN-SMITH J, POWELL W W. Knowledge networks as channels and conduits:the effects of spillovers in the Boston biotechnology community[J]. Organization Science, 2004, 15(1):5-21.
[12]CHEN Z F, GUAN J CH. The impact of small world on innovation:an empirical study of 16 countries[J]. Journal of Informetrics,2010, 4(1):97-106.
[13]崔芳,孙笑明,熊旺,等.关键研发者自我中心网络变化对企业创新绩效的影响:以整体网络为中介变量[J].科技进步与对策, 2016, 34(17):80-90.
[14]FREEMANL C. Centrality in social networks conceptual clarification[J]. Social Networks, 1978, 1(3):215-239.
[15]池仁勇.区域中小企业创新网络形成、结构属性与功能提升:浙江省实证考察[J].管理世界, 2005(10):102-112.
[16]解学梅,左蕾蕾.企业协同创新网络特征与创新绩效:基于知识吸收能力的中介效应研究[J].南开管理评论, 2013, 16(3):47-56.
[17]TSAI W. Knowledge transfer in intraorganizational networks:effects of network position and absorptive capacity on business unit innovation and performance[J]. Academy of Management Journal, 2001, 44(5):996-1004.
[18]钱锡红,杨永福,徐万里.企业网络位置、吸收能力与创新绩效:一个交互效应模型[J].管理世界, 2010(5):118-129.
[19]CHULUUN T, PREVOST A, UPADHYAY A. Firm network structure and innovation[J]. Journal of Corporate Finance,2017,44:193-214.
[20]BURT R S. Structural holes:the social structure of competition[M].Boston:Harvard University Press, 1992.
[21]SINGH V G, ZAHEER A, HERNANDEZ E. The embeddedness of networks:institutions, structural holes, and innovativeness in the fuel cell industry[J]. Organization Science, 2013, 24(3):645-663.
[22]魏龙,党兴华.网络闭合、知识基础与创新催化:动态结构洞的调节[J].管理科学, 2017, 30(3):83-96.
[23]袁康,汤超颖,李美智,等.导师合著网络对博士生科研产出的影响[J].管理评论, 2016, 28(9):228-237.
[24]苟德轩,沙勇忠.产学研合作创新网络结构测度与分析[J].情报杂志, 2013, 32(6):191-197.
[25]HUR W CH, PARK J H. Network patterns of inventor collaboration and their effects on innovation outputs[J]. Sustainability, 2016,8(4):295.
[26]赵炎,王琦,郑向杰.网络邻近性、地理邻近性对知识转移绩效的影响[J].科研管理, 2016(1):128-136.
[27]COLEMAN J S. Social capital in the creation of human capital[J].American Journal of Sociology, 1988,94:95-120.
[28]张红娟,谭劲松.联盟网络与企业创新绩效:跨层次分析[J].管理世界, 2014(3):163-169.
[29]ALMEIDA P, HOHBERGER J, PARADA P. Individual scientific collaborations and firm-level innovation[J].Industrial and Corporate Change, 2011, 20(6):1571-1599.
[30]GUAN J CH, ZUO K R, CHEN K H, et al. Does country-level R&D efficiency benefit from the collaboration network structure?[J].Research Policy, 2016, 45(4):770-784.
[31]任胜钢,吴娟,王龙伟.网络嵌入与企业创新绩效研究:网络能力的调节效应检验[J].研究与发展管理, 2011, 23(3):16-24.
[32]马涛,郭进利.基于加权超图的区域校企合作申请专利超网络模型:以浙江ICT产业为例[J].技术经济, 2016, 35(12):76-81.
[33]夏丽娟,谢富纪,王海花.制度邻近、技术邻近与产学协同创新绩效:基于产学联合专利数据的研究[J].科学学研究,2017, 35(5):782-791.
[34]翟东升,王猛,张杰,等.靶向技术创新网络演化测度方法研究[J].现代图书情报技术, 2016(11):64-75.
[35]林聚任.社会网络分析:理论、方法与应用[M].北京:北京师范大学出版社, 2009:107-117.