纳米蒙脱石对奶牛日粮中黄曲霉毒素B_1的吸附效果研究
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摘要
本试验通过分析日粮中添加纳米蒙脱石吸附剂后奶牛生产性能、牛奶中黄曲霉毒素M1、血清中酶的活性以及血清中黄曲霉毒素B_1(AFB_1)的变化,研究吸附剂对奶牛日粮中黄曲霉毒素B_1的吸附效果。试验选取产奶量、泌乳天数和胎次相近的奶牛45头,随机分为3组,每组15头奶牛,每头奶牛一个重复。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验Ⅰ组在基础日粮中添加0.1 mg/kg的黄曲霉毒素标准品,试验Ⅱ组在基础日粮中添加0.1 mg/kg的黄曲霉毒素标准品+3 g/kg的纳米蒙脱石吸附剂。预试期7 d,正式期14 d,共21 d。结果表明:(1)试验Ⅰ组的产奶量较对照组和试验Ⅱ组分别降低0.64 kg/d和0.50 kg/d (P <0.05);试验Ⅰ组的4%校正乳较对照组和试验Ⅱ组分别降低1.01 kg/d和0.65 kg/d (P <0.05);试验Ⅰ组牛奶中黄曲霉毒素M1较对照组和试验Ⅱ组分别提高1.57μg/L和1.44μg/L(P <0.05),试验Ⅱ组稍高于对照组,但无显著差异(P> 0.05);三组之间干物质采食量(DMI)和各项乳成分均无显著差异。(2)试验Ⅰ组的谷草转氨酶和碱性磷酸酶活性以及AFB_1含量分别高于对照组8.86、5.31、1.23 U/L(P <0.05);试验Ⅰ组的谷草转氨酶和碱性磷酸酶活性以及AFB_1含量分别高于试验Ⅱ组8.64、4.25、1.20 U/L(P <0.05);对照组和试验Ⅱ组的各项指标均未产生显著性差异(P> 0.05)。综上所述,在日粮中添加0.1 mg/kg的黄曲霉毒素B_1,同时添加吸附剂可以显著减少奶牛产奶量的下降,对黄曲霉毒素起到很好的吸附效果,牛奶中黄曲霉毒素B_1的含量低于国家最高限量标准。
The aim of this study was to explore the adsorption effect of adsorbents on AFB_1 in dairy cows diet,the milk performance,content of AFM1 in milk,activity of serum enzyme in milk and the changes of serum AFB_1 were observed after adding nano montmorillonite adsorbent in the diet.A total of 45 dairy cows with similar milk production,day in lactation and parity were selected and randomly assigned into 3 groups.The basal diet group was the control group,the trail group I and the trail group II were added 0.1 mg/kg of aflatoxin B_1 and0.1 mg/kg of aflatoxin B_1+3 g/kg nano montmorillonite adsorbent respectively in the basal diet.The pre trial period was 7 days,and the experiment period lasted 14 days.The results were showed as follows:(1) The milk production and 4% correction milk of trail group Ⅰ were significantly lower than those in the control group(0.64 kg/d and 1.01 kg/d,respectively) and the trail group Ⅱ(0.50 kg/d and 0.65 kg/d,respectively)(P <0.05);the content of AFM1 in milk of trail group I were significantly higher than that of control group by 1.57μg/L and the trail group Ⅱ by 1.44 μg/L(P < 0.05),and the trail group II was slightly higher than the control group,but there was no significant differences(P > 0.05);there were no significant differences in dry matter intake(DMI) and milk composition among three groups(P > 0.05).(2) The activity of glutamic-oxal transaminase(GOT),alkaline phosphatase(ALP) and the content of AFB_1 in the trail group I were significantly higher than those in the control group(8.86,5.31 U/L and 1.23 U/L,respectively) and the trail group Ⅱ(8.64,4.25 U/L and 1.20 U/L,respectively)(P < 0.05),and there was no significant differences between the control group and the trail group Ⅱ(P > 0.05).In conclusion,the addition of AFB_1 and adsorbents in the diet could significantly reduce the decline of milk production,decreased the AFM1 content in milk,and decreased the AFB_1 content in serum.
The aim of this study was to explore the adsorption effect of adsorbents on AFB_1 in dairy cows diet,the milk performance,content of AFM1 in milk,activity of serum enzyme in milk and the changes of serum AFB_1 were observed after adding nano montmorillonite adsorbent in the diet.A total of 45 dairy cows with similar milk production,day in lactation and parity were selected and randomly assigned into 3 groups.The basal diet group was the control group,the trail group I and the trail group II were added 0.1 mg/kg of aflatoxin B_1 and0.1 mg/kg of aflatoxin B_1+3 g/kg nano montmorillonite adsorbent respectively in the basal diet.The pre trial period was 7 days,and the experiment period lasted 14 days.The results were showed as follows:(1) The milk production and 4% correction milk of trail group Ⅰ were significantly lower than those in the control group(0.64 kg/d and 1.01 kg/d,respectively) and the trail group Ⅱ(0.50 kg/d and 0.65 kg/d,respectively)(P <0.05);the content of AFM1 in milk of trail group I were significantly higher than that of control group by 1.57μg/L and the trail group Ⅱ by 1.44 μg/L(P < 0.05),and the trail group II was slightly higher than the control group,but there was no significant differences(P > 0.05);there were no significant differences in dry matter intake(DMI) and milk composition among three groups(P > 0.05).(2) The activity of glutamic-oxal transaminase(GOT),alkaline phosphatase(ALP) and the content of AFB_1 in the trail group I were significantly higher than those in the control group(8.86,5.31 U/L and 1.23 U/L,respectively) and the trail group Ⅱ(8.64,4.25 U/L and 1.20 U/L,respectively)(P < 0.05),and there was no significant differences between the control group and the trail group Ⅱ(P > 0.05).In conclusion,the addition of AFB_1 and adsorbents in the diet could significantly reduce the decline of milk production,decreased the AFM1 content in milk,and decreased the AFB_1 content in serum.
引文
[1]陈波.霉菌毒素对奶牛的危害及防治[J].中国乳业,2013,10:26~28.
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[6]齐琪.黄曲霉毒素B1对荷斯坦奶牛乳中黄曲霉毒素M1含量、生产性能及血液生化指标的影响[D].山东:山东农业大学,2012.
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[13] Kutz R E,Sampson J D,Pompeu L B,et al.Efficacy of Solis,NovasilPlus,and MTB-100 to reduce aflatoxin M1levels in milk of early to mid lactation dairy cows fed aflatoxin B1[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2009,92(8):3959~3963.
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[15] Moschini M,Masoero F,Gallo A,et al.Mucosal absorption of aflatoxin B1in lactating dairy cows[J].Italian Journal of Animal Science,2010,6(1s):324~326.
[16] Queiroz O C,Han J H,Staples C R,et al.Effect of adding a mycotoxin-sequestering agent on milk aflatoxin M1concentration and the performance and immune response of dairy cattle fed an aflatoxin B1contaminated diet[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2012,95(10):5901~5908.
[2]程广龙,杨永新,赵辉玲,等.黄曲霉毒素对奶牛生产的危害及其控制措施[J].中国草食动物科学,2012,3:79~81.
[3]黄禄华,胡昌金,唐臣学,等.黄曲霉毒素对奶牛的危害及控制措施[J].畜禽业,2013,10:26~28.
[4]梁江,宋筱瑜,朱江辉,等.我国乳与乳制品中黄曲霉毒素M1的限量标准适宜性分析及居民膳食暴露风险评估[J].卫生研究,2013,42(5):840~843.
[5]马美蓉,徐玉花.饲料中黄曲霉毒素B1对牛奶黄曲霉毒素M1影响与防控[J].金华职业技术学院学报,2014,14(6):71~73.
[6]齐琪.黄曲霉毒素B1对荷斯坦奶牛乳中黄曲霉毒素M1含量、生产性能及血液生化指标的影响[D].山东:山东农业大学,2012.
[7]熊江林.日粮黄曲霉毒素B1向牛奶的转化及其对奶牛生产性能与健康的影响[D].浙江:浙江大学,2014.
[8]张丽英.饲料分析及饲料质量检测技术4版[M].北京:中国农业大学出版社,2016.
[9]张治淮,曹杰,申光荣.黄曲霉毒素对奶牛的危害及防控措施[J].中国乳业,2012,3:50~53.
[10] Bickers D,Mukhtar H.Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans[J].Polychlorinated dibenzo-para-diozins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans,1994.
[11] Coffey R,Cummins E,Ward S.Exposure assessment of mycotoxins in dairy milk[J].Food Control,2009,20(3):239~249.
[12] Helferich W G,Garrett W N,Hsieh D P,et al.Feedlot performance and tissue residues of cattle consuming diets containing aflatoxins.[J].Journal of Animal Science,1986,62(3):691.
[13] Kutz R E,Sampson J D,Pompeu L B,et al.Efficacy of Solis,NovasilPlus,and MTB-100 to reduce aflatoxin M1levels in milk of early to mid lactation dairy cows fed aflatoxin B1[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2009,92(8):3959~3963.
[14] Masoero F,Gallo A,Moschini M,et al.Carryover of aflatoxin from feed to milk in dairy cows with low or high somatic cell counts[J].Animal An International Journal of Animal Bioscience,2007,1(9):1344~1350.
[15] Moschini M,Masoero F,Gallo A,et al.Mucosal absorption of aflatoxin B1in lactating dairy cows[J].Italian Journal of Animal Science,2010,6(1s):324~326.
[16] Queiroz O C,Han J H,Staples C R,et al.Effect of adding a mycotoxin-sequestering agent on milk aflatoxin M1concentration and the performance and immune response of dairy cattle fed an aflatoxin B1contaminated diet[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2012,95(10):5901~5908.