套袋对阿克苏地区富士苹果品质的影响
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摘要
【目的】研究套袋技术对阿克苏冰糖心苹果品质的影响,为省力简化(不套袋)栽培提供理论依据。【方法】选择三个具有代表性的阿克苏富士苹果生产种植区域,套袋技术下测定苹果外观及内在品质,对比分析套袋对果实品质的影响。【结果】在外观品质上,套袋对各区域果实的单果重、硬度、果形指数影响不大,红旗坡和共青团不套袋处理的可溶性固形物含量显著高于套袋,达到18. 30%、17. 27%,分别提高了19. 5%和9. 5%。套袋处理对三个区域苹果色度影响具有不同程度的差异变化,平均色差值为45,对照处理色差值普遍高于套袋处理。套袋处理可溶性总糖显著低于不套袋,沙河镇最高达到84. 16 mg/g,高于套袋处理14. 3%,两种处理果实VC含量差异显著,共青团农场的不套袋果实VC含量高达111. 75 mg/kg,显著大于套袋处理43. 17 mg/kg,高出61. 37%。套袋对富士苹果可滴定酸含量影响差异不显著,均在0. 3%左右。套袋处理对果实单宁含量呈现不同程度变化,其中沙河镇,单宁最高达到10. 61 mg/g,相对于不套袋高出19. 7%。【结论】套袋技术可增加苹果果实光洁度,降低可溶性固形物含量,各理化品质指标呈现不同程度变化差异。
【Objective】This project aims at exploring the effect of bagging on fruit quality of Aksu sweetheart apple,so as to provide a theoretical basis for future efforts to simplify cultivation( unbagged). 【Method】Three typical planting areas of Aksu Fuji apple were selected to analyze the effect of bagging on appearance and intrinsic quality of fruit through comparative analysis. 【Result】Bagging had a weak impact on appearance quality such as fruit weight,firmness and shape in each region. The soluble solids in Hongqipo Farm and Youth League Farm without bagging were significantly higher than those in bagging,reaching 18. 30% and17. 27%,respectively,and increased by 19. 5% and 9. 5%,respectively. Color stain of bagged apples varied in the three areas with an average color difference of 45,which was generally lower compared to blank group.Total soluble sugar in bagging group was significantly lower than that of unbagged group. The maximum total soluble sugar,84. 16 mg/g,was observed in unbagged fruit from the Shahe Town,which was 14. 3% higher than that of bagged group. There were significant differences in vitamin C content between blank groups and treatment groups. In Youth League Farm,vitamin C content of unbagged fruit was 111. 75 mg/kg,61. 37%higher than the figure( 43. 17 mg/kg) of bagged ones,constituting a significant difference. Bagging had an insignificant effect on titratable acid content,with a difference around 0. 3% in each area. The tannin content varied to different degrees,with a maximum content of 10. 61 mg/g observed in Shahe Town,19. 7% higher than that of unbagged ones. 【Conclusion】Bagging can increase fruit smoothness,reduce soluble solids,and lead different degrees of variation in other physical and chemical qualities.
【Objective】This project aims at exploring the effect of bagging on fruit quality of Aksu sweetheart apple,so as to provide a theoretical basis for future efforts to simplify cultivation( unbagged). 【Method】Three typical planting areas of Aksu Fuji apple were selected to analyze the effect of bagging on appearance and intrinsic quality of fruit through comparative analysis. 【Result】Bagging had a weak impact on appearance quality such as fruit weight,firmness and shape in each region. The soluble solids in Hongqipo Farm and Youth League Farm without bagging were significantly higher than those in bagging,reaching 18. 30% and17. 27%,respectively,and increased by 19. 5% and 9. 5%,respectively. Color stain of bagged apples varied in the three areas with an average color difference of 45,which was generally lower compared to blank group.Total soluble sugar in bagging group was significantly lower than that of unbagged group. The maximum total soluble sugar,84. 16 mg/g,was observed in unbagged fruit from the Shahe Town,which was 14. 3% higher than that of bagged group. There were significant differences in vitamin C content between blank groups and treatment groups. In Youth League Farm,vitamin C content of unbagged fruit was 111. 75 mg/kg,61. 37%higher than the figure( 43. 17 mg/kg) of bagged ones,constituting a significant difference. Bagging had an insignificant effect on titratable acid content,with a difference around 0. 3% in each area. The tannin content varied to different degrees,with a maximum content of 10. 61 mg/g observed in Shahe Town,19. 7% higher than that of unbagged ones. 【Conclusion】Bagging can increase fruit smoothness,reduce soluble solids,and lead different degrees of variation in other physical and chemical qualities.
引文
[1]李欢,李建贵,梁家伟,等.不同激素对阿克苏富士苹果果实糖组分和品质的影响[J].经济林研究,2014,32(3):118-122.LI Huan,LI Jian-gui,LIANG Jia-wei,et al.(2014). Effects of different hormones on fruit sugar components and fruit quality in Aksu Fuji apple[J]. Nonwood Forest Research,32(3):118-122.(in Chinese)
[2]新疆维吾尔自治区统计局.新疆统计年鉴[J].北京:中国统计出版社,2016.Statistics Bureau of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.(2016). Xinjiang Statistical Yearbook[J]. Beijing:China Statistics Press.(in Chinese)
[3]魏钦平,叶宝兴,张继祥,等.不同生态区乔纳金苹果果皮解剖结构的特征与差异[J].山东农业大学学报(自然科学版),2003,34(2):163-167.WEI Qin-ping,YE Bao-xing,ZHANG Ji-xiang,et al.(2003). Characters and differences of anatomical structure for'Jonagold'apple peel in various ecological regions[J]. Journal Shan dong Agricultural University,34(2):163-167.(in Chinese)
[4]陈学森,韩明玉,苏桂林,等.当今世界苹果产业发展趋势及我国苹果产业优质高效发展意见[J].果树学报,2010,27(4):598-604.CHEN Xue-sen,HAN Ming-yu,SU Gui-lin,et al.(2010). Discussion on today's world apple industry trends and the suggestions on sustainable and efficient development of apple industry in China[J]. Journal of Fruit Science,27(4):598-604.(in Chinese)
[5]陈军,高文胜,吕德国,等.套袋红'富士'苹果果皮发育进程研究[J].果树学报,2009,26(2):217-221.CHEN Jun,GAO Wen-sheng,LDe-guo,et al.(2009).The effects of bagging on the fruit skin development process of Red Fuji apple[J]. Journal of Fruit Science,26(2):217-221.(in Chinese)
[6]Sharma,R. R.,Pal,R. K.,Asrey,R.,Sagar,V. R.,Dhiman,M. R.,&Rana,M. R.(2013). Pre-harvest fruit bagging influences fruit color and quality of apple cv. delicious. Agricultural Sciences,4(9):443-448.
[7]李芳芳,何子顺,陶书田,等.套袋对库尔勒香梨果实发育过程中可溶性糖含量的影响[J].果树学报,2014,31(6):1 072-1 078.LI Fang-fang,HE Zi-shun,TAO Shu-tian,et al.(2014).Effects of bagging on soluble sugars contents during fruit development of'Korla fragrant pear'[J]. Journal of Fruit Science,31(6):1,072-1,078.(in Chinese)
[8]张振铭,张绍铃,乔勇进,等.不同果袋对砀山酥梨果实品质的影响[J].果树学报,2006,23(4):510-514.ZHANG Zhen-ming,ZHANG Shao-ling,QIAO Yong-jin,et al.(2006). Effect of bagging with different types of bags on fruit quality of Dangshansu pear cultivar[J]. Journal of Fruit Science,23(4):510-514.(in Chinese)
[9]Feng,F.,Li,M.,Ma,F.,&Cheng,L.(2014). The effects of bagging and debagging on external fruit quality,metabolites,and the expression of anthocyanin biosynthetic genes in'jonagold'apple(malus domestica borkh.). Scientia Horticulturae,165(Complete):123-131.
[10]鲁兴凯,张秀英,张丹,等.西南冷凉高地'红富士'苹果不同采收时间和套袋对果实品质的影响[J].果树学报,2017,34(2):196-203.LU Xing-kai, ZHANG Xiu-ying, ZHANG Dan, et al.(2017). Effects of harvest time and fruit bagging treatments on the fruit quality of'Red Fuji'grown in the cold highland in southwest China[J]. Journal of Fruit Science,34(2):196-203.(in Chinese)
[11]于立洋,左力辉,徐卫华,等.套袋对五个新疆野苹果优系果实品质的影响[J].北方园艺,2017,(21):42-49.YU Li-yang,ZUO Li-hui,XU Wei-hua,et al.(2017).Effect of Bagging on Fruit Quality of Five Malus sieversii Clones[J]. Northern Horticulture,(21):42-49.(in Chinese)
[12]王娜.套袋和喷施叶面肥对阿克苏红富士苹果品质及光合特性的影响[D].乌鲁木齐:新疆农业大学硕士论文,2011.WANG Na.(2011). Effects of Bagging and Foliar Fertilization on the Fruit Qualities and Photosynthetic Characteristics of Red Apple Fuji in Aksu[D]. Master Dissertation. Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi.(in Chinese)
[13] Sharma,R. R.,Reddy,S. V. R.,&Jhalegar,M. J.(2015). Pre-harvest fruit bagging:a useful approach for plant protection and improved post-harvest fruit quality. Journal of Pomology&Horticultural Science,89(2):101-113.
[14]黄保娜,陈佰鸿,毛娟,等.套袋与采收期对'新红星'苹果品质的影响[J].果树学报,2015,32(5):824-834.HUANG Bao-na,CHEN Bai-hong,MAO Juan,et al.(2015). Effects of bagging and harvest timing on fruit quality of'Starkrimson'apple[J]. Journal of Fruit Science,32(5):824-834.(in Chinese)
[15]王武.套袋对柑橘果实外观色泽和内在品质的影响[D].重庆:西南大学硕士论文,2006.WANG Wu.(2006). Effect of bagging fruit on the color and quality of Citrus fruit[D]. Master Dissertation. Southwest University,Chongqing.(in Chinese)
[16]Arakawa,O.,Uematsu,N.,&Nakajima,H.(1994). Effect of bagging on fruit quality in apples. Bulletin of the Faculty of Agriculture-Hirosaki University(Japan),120(3):828-831.
[17]张修德,宋成秀,厉恩茂,等.不同颜色果袋对'金冠'果皮叶绿素含量及品质的影响[J].新疆农业科学,2016,53(10):1 801-1 809.ZHANG Xiu-de,SONG Cheng-xiu,LI En-mao,et al.(2016). Effects of Bagging with Different Colors on Chlorophyll Content and Quality of'Golden Delicious'Fruit[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences,53(10):1,801-1,809.(in Chinese)
[18]郝燕燕,赵旗峰,刘群龙,等.套袋微域环境对'富士'苹果果皮结构的影响[J].生态学报,2011,31(10):2 831-2 836.HAO Yan-yan,ZHAO Qi-feng,LIU Qun-long,et al.(2011). Effects of the micro-environment inside fruit bags on the structure of fruit peel in Fuji apple[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica,31(10):2,831-2,836.
[2]新疆维吾尔自治区统计局.新疆统计年鉴[J].北京:中国统计出版社,2016.Statistics Bureau of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.(2016). Xinjiang Statistical Yearbook[J]. Beijing:China Statistics Press.(in Chinese)
[3]魏钦平,叶宝兴,张继祥,等.不同生态区乔纳金苹果果皮解剖结构的特征与差异[J].山东农业大学学报(自然科学版),2003,34(2):163-167.WEI Qin-ping,YE Bao-xing,ZHANG Ji-xiang,et al.(2003). Characters and differences of anatomical structure for'Jonagold'apple peel in various ecological regions[J]. Journal Shan dong Agricultural University,34(2):163-167.(in Chinese)
[4]陈学森,韩明玉,苏桂林,等.当今世界苹果产业发展趋势及我国苹果产业优质高效发展意见[J].果树学报,2010,27(4):598-604.CHEN Xue-sen,HAN Ming-yu,SU Gui-lin,et al.(2010). Discussion on today's world apple industry trends and the suggestions on sustainable and efficient development of apple industry in China[J]. Journal of Fruit Science,27(4):598-604.(in Chinese)
[5]陈军,高文胜,吕德国,等.套袋红'富士'苹果果皮发育进程研究[J].果树学报,2009,26(2):217-221.CHEN Jun,GAO Wen-sheng,LDe-guo,et al.(2009).The effects of bagging on the fruit skin development process of Red Fuji apple[J]. Journal of Fruit Science,26(2):217-221.(in Chinese)
[6]Sharma,R. R.,Pal,R. K.,Asrey,R.,Sagar,V. R.,Dhiman,M. R.,&Rana,M. R.(2013). Pre-harvest fruit bagging influences fruit color and quality of apple cv. delicious. Agricultural Sciences,4(9):443-448.
[7]李芳芳,何子顺,陶书田,等.套袋对库尔勒香梨果实发育过程中可溶性糖含量的影响[J].果树学报,2014,31(6):1 072-1 078.LI Fang-fang,HE Zi-shun,TAO Shu-tian,et al.(2014).Effects of bagging on soluble sugars contents during fruit development of'Korla fragrant pear'[J]. Journal of Fruit Science,31(6):1,072-1,078.(in Chinese)
[8]张振铭,张绍铃,乔勇进,等.不同果袋对砀山酥梨果实品质的影响[J].果树学报,2006,23(4):510-514.ZHANG Zhen-ming,ZHANG Shao-ling,QIAO Yong-jin,et al.(2006). Effect of bagging with different types of bags on fruit quality of Dangshansu pear cultivar[J]. Journal of Fruit Science,23(4):510-514.(in Chinese)
[9]Feng,F.,Li,M.,Ma,F.,&Cheng,L.(2014). The effects of bagging and debagging on external fruit quality,metabolites,and the expression of anthocyanin biosynthetic genes in'jonagold'apple(malus domestica borkh.). Scientia Horticulturae,165(Complete):123-131.
[10]鲁兴凯,张秀英,张丹,等.西南冷凉高地'红富士'苹果不同采收时间和套袋对果实品质的影响[J].果树学报,2017,34(2):196-203.LU Xing-kai, ZHANG Xiu-ying, ZHANG Dan, et al.(2017). Effects of harvest time and fruit bagging treatments on the fruit quality of'Red Fuji'grown in the cold highland in southwest China[J]. Journal of Fruit Science,34(2):196-203.(in Chinese)
[11]于立洋,左力辉,徐卫华,等.套袋对五个新疆野苹果优系果实品质的影响[J].北方园艺,2017,(21):42-49.YU Li-yang,ZUO Li-hui,XU Wei-hua,et al.(2017).Effect of Bagging on Fruit Quality of Five Malus sieversii Clones[J]. Northern Horticulture,(21):42-49.(in Chinese)
[12]王娜.套袋和喷施叶面肥对阿克苏红富士苹果品质及光合特性的影响[D].乌鲁木齐:新疆农业大学硕士论文,2011.WANG Na.(2011). Effects of Bagging and Foliar Fertilization on the Fruit Qualities and Photosynthetic Characteristics of Red Apple Fuji in Aksu[D]. Master Dissertation. Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi.(in Chinese)
[13] Sharma,R. R.,Reddy,S. V. R.,&Jhalegar,M. J.(2015). Pre-harvest fruit bagging:a useful approach for plant protection and improved post-harvest fruit quality. Journal of Pomology&Horticultural Science,89(2):101-113.
[14]黄保娜,陈佰鸿,毛娟,等.套袋与采收期对'新红星'苹果品质的影响[J].果树学报,2015,32(5):824-834.HUANG Bao-na,CHEN Bai-hong,MAO Juan,et al.(2015). Effects of bagging and harvest timing on fruit quality of'Starkrimson'apple[J]. Journal of Fruit Science,32(5):824-834.(in Chinese)
[15]王武.套袋对柑橘果实外观色泽和内在品质的影响[D].重庆:西南大学硕士论文,2006.WANG Wu.(2006). Effect of bagging fruit on the color and quality of Citrus fruit[D]. Master Dissertation. Southwest University,Chongqing.(in Chinese)
[16]Arakawa,O.,Uematsu,N.,&Nakajima,H.(1994). Effect of bagging on fruit quality in apples. Bulletin of the Faculty of Agriculture-Hirosaki University(Japan),120(3):828-831.
[17]张修德,宋成秀,厉恩茂,等.不同颜色果袋对'金冠'果皮叶绿素含量及品质的影响[J].新疆农业科学,2016,53(10):1 801-1 809.ZHANG Xiu-de,SONG Cheng-xiu,LI En-mao,et al.(2016). Effects of Bagging with Different Colors on Chlorophyll Content and Quality of'Golden Delicious'Fruit[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences,53(10):1,801-1,809.(in Chinese)
[18]郝燕燕,赵旗峰,刘群龙,等.套袋微域环境对'富士'苹果果皮结构的影响[J].生态学报,2011,31(10):2 831-2 836.HAO Yan-yan,ZHAO Qi-feng,LIU Qun-long,et al.(2011). Effects of the micro-environment inside fruit bags on the structure of fruit peel in Fuji apple[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica,31(10):2,831-2,836.