大型水利水电工程移民多维贫困测量——基于三峡库区调研数据分析
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摘要
移民贫困化是大型水利水电工程建设的主要遗留问题之一。将心理维度纳入多维贫困分析框架,构建多维贫困测量指标体系,并运用AF方法对2017年三峡库区移民多维贫困状态进行了测度分析。研究结果表明:一是库区23.38%的移民存在4个维度10项指标中任意4个指标的贫困,没有移民遭受9个及9个以上指标的贫困剥夺;二是对库区多维贫困贡献率最高的5个指标为交通工具、身体健康状况、家庭人均收入、耐用消费品及受教育程度,心理维度对多维贫困的贡献率较低;三是城市多维贫困呈现两极分化的复杂态势,城市移民由于生产性资本被剥夺且就业技能较低,多维贫困状态比农村移民更为严峻。
The poverty of migrants is one of the main residual problems in the construction of largescale water conservancy and hydroelectric projects.The psychological dimension was incorporated into the framework of multi-dimensional poverty analysis,the multi-dimensional poverty measurement index system was constructed,and the multi-dimensional poverty status of migrants in the reservoir area of Three Gorges in 2017 was measured and analyzed by AF method.The results show that:First,23.38% of the migrants in the reservoir area are in poverty in any 4 of the 10 indicators of 4 dimensions,and no migrants suffer poverty deprivation in 9 or more indicators;Second,the five indicators with the highest contribution rate of multidimensional poverty in the reservoir area are transportation,physical health,family income per capita,durable consumer goods and the educational level,and the contribution of the psychological dimension to multi-dimensional poverty is low;Third,the urban multi-dimensional poverty presents a complex situation of polarization.Urban migrants are deprived of productive capital and have low employment skills;as a result,their multi-dimensional poverty is more severe than that of rural migrants.
The poverty of migrants is one of the main residual problems in the construction of largescale water conservancy and hydroelectric projects.The psychological dimension was incorporated into the framework of multi-dimensional poverty analysis,the multi-dimensional poverty measurement index system was constructed,and the multi-dimensional poverty status of migrants in the reservoir area of Three Gorges in 2017 was measured and analyzed by AF method.The results show that:First,23.38% of the migrants in the reservoir area are in poverty in any 4 of the 10 indicators of 4 dimensions,and no migrants suffer poverty deprivation in 9 or more indicators;Second,the five indicators with the highest contribution rate of multidimensional poverty in the reservoir area are transportation,physical health,family income per capita,durable consumer goods and the educational level,and the contribution of the psychological dimension to multi-dimensional poverty is low;Third,the urban multi-dimensional poverty presents a complex situation of polarization.Urban migrants are deprived of productive capital and have low employment skills;as a result,their multi-dimensional poverty is more severe than that of rural migrants.
引文
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[10]张晓颖,冯贺霞,王小林.流动妇女多维贫困分析——基于北京市451名家政服务从业人员的调查[J].经济评论,2016(3).
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[12]郭君平,谭清香,曲颂.进城农民工家庭贫困的测量与分析——基于“收入-消费-多维”视角[J].中国农村经济,2018(9).
[13]高艳云.中国城乡多维贫困的测度及比较[J].统计研究,2012(11).
[14]张全红,周强,蒋赟.中国省份多维贫困的动态测度——以中国健康与营养调查中的9省为例[J].贵州财经大学学报,2014(1).
[15]朱丽君.多维贫困与精准脱贫——以中部地区少数民族自治县Y县为例[J].社会保障研究,2019(1).
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[17]孙咏梅.基于多维视角的我国农村地区减贫成效评价及减贫路径探索[J].社会科学辑刊,2018(4).
[18]沈扬扬,詹鹏,李实.扶贫政策演进下的中国农村多维贫困[J].经济学动态,2018(7).
[19]王素霞,王小林.中国多维贫困测量[J].中国农业大学学报(社会科学版),2013(2).
[20]黄森慰,姜畅,郑逸芳.妇女多维贫困测量、分解与精准扶贫——基于福建省“巾帼扶贫”五年攻坚计划调研数据[J].中国农业大学学报,2019(4).
[21]洪名勇,吴昭洋,龚丽娟.贫困心理陷阱理论研究进展[J].经济学动态,2018(7).
[22]何思妤,曾维忠.老水库移民多维贫困测量[J].农村经济,2017(5).
(1) 2016年重庆人均农村可支配收入为11549元(重庆统计年鉴),认为低于该水平,其收入水平较低。
(2)重庆公共租赁住房管理实施细则对住房困难户的界定标准为人均住房建筑面积低于13m2,认为低于该水平,其住房状况较差。
[2]张谷,都勤,李庆友,等.水利水电工程移民安置实施四大关系[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2018.
[3]杨云彦.社会变迁与边缘化人群的能力再造[J].中南财经政法大学学报,2008(6).
[4]陈绍军,施国庆.中国非自愿移民的贫困分析[J].甘肃社会科学,2003(5).
[5]李文静,帅传敏,帅钰,等.三峡库区移民贫困致因的精准识别与减贫路径的实证研究[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2017(6).
[6]李楠,石智雷,杨雨萱,等.贫困地区的环境保护:库区居民的环保意识与行为[J].农业经济问题,2018(7).
[7]向德平,黄承伟.减贫与发展[M].北京:社会科学文献出版社,2016.
[8]杨帆,陈凌珠,庄天慧,等.可持续生计视阈下县域多维贫困测度与时空演化研究——以四川藏区行政区划县为例[J].软科学,2017(10).
[9]解垩.公共转移支付与老年人的多维贫困[J].中国工业经济,2015(11).
[10]张晓颖,冯贺霞,王小林.流动妇女多维贫困分析——基于北京市451名家政服务从业人员的调查[J].经济评论,2016(3).
[11]廖娟.残疾与贫困:基于收入贫困和多维贫困测量的研究[J].人口与发展,2015(1).
[12]郭君平,谭清香,曲颂.进城农民工家庭贫困的测量与分析——基于“收入-消费-多维”视角[J].中国农村经济,2018(9).
[13]高艳云.中国城乡多维贫困的测度及比较[J].统计研究,2012(11).
[14]张全红,周强,蒋赟.中国省份多维贫困的动态测度——以中国健康与营养调查中的9省为例[J].贵州财经大学学报,2014(1).
[15]朱丽君.多维贫困与精准脱贫——以中部地区少数民族自治县Y县为例[J].社会保障研究,2019(1).
[16]陈立中.转型时期我国多维度贫困测算及其分解[J].经济评论,2008(5).
[17]孙咏梅.基于多维视角的我国农村地区减贫成效评价及减贫路径探索[J].社会科学辑刊,2018(4).
[18]沈扬扬,詹鹏,李实.扶贫政策演进下的中国农村多维贫困[J].经济学动态,2018(7).
[19]王素霞,王小林.中国多维贫困测量[J].中国农业大学学报(社会科学版),2013(2).
[20]黄森慰,姜畅,郑逸芳.妇女多维贫困测量、分解与精准扶贫——基于福建省“巾帼扶贫”五年攻坚计划调研数据[J].中国农业大学学报,2019(4).
[21]洪名勇,吴昭洋,龚丽娟.贫困心理陷阱理论研究进展[J].经济学动态,2018(7).
[22]何思妤,曾维忠.老水库移民多维贫困测量[J].农村经济,2017(5).
(1) 2016年重庆人均农村可支配收入为11549元(重庆统计年鉴),认为低于该水平,其收入水平较低。
(2)重庆公共租赁住房管理实施细则对住房困难户的界定标准为人均住房建筑面积低于13m2,认为低于该水平,其住房状况较差。