大熊猫野化培训的生境选择特性
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摘要
为了了解大熊猫野化培训的生境选择特性,于2016年11—12月对位于卧龙自然保护区天台山区域的第二阶段野化培训圈进行了样方调查。结果表明:在野化培训期间,影响大熊猫生境选择的因素是食物因素、灌木因素、乔木因素及坡度因素。大熊猫多选择在密度20 Culm·m~(-2)～40 Culm·m~(-2),高度1 m～2 m,竹丛盖度大于70%的竹林中觅食。喜欢在灌丛盖度大于90%,灌木胸径小于3 cm高度不超过5m,密度小于0.1 Culm·m~(-2)的灌木层中活动。爱选择乔木郁闭度在0.5～0.7,胸径10 cm～20 cm,高度10 m～20 m,密度0.05 Culm·m~(-2)～0.1Culm·m~(-2)的乔木层。在地形上倾向于选择中下部坡位,坡度为20°～30°的平缓地带。
In order to study the habitat of giant pandas in wildness training program,a sample survey was conducted in the second-phase wildness training pen located in Wolong Nature Reserve from November to December in 2016.The results showed that food factor,shrub factor,tree factor and slope factor would affect the habitat selection of giant pandas during wildness training.Giant pandas mostly chose to forage in bamboo forests with density of 20 Culm·m~(-2)～40 Culm·m~(-2),height of 1 m～2 m and bamboo clump coverage of more than 70%.They preferred to move in shrub layer with shrub coverage of more than90%,shrub height of less than 3 cm at breast height of less than 5 m and density of less than 0.1 Culm·m~(-2).They would select the tree layers with canopy density of 0.5～0.7,DBH 10 cm～20 cm,height1 020 m and density 0.05 Culm·m~(-2)～0.1 Culm·m~(-2).They tended to choose the middle and lower slope positions with a slope of 20° to 30°.
In order to study the habitat of giant pandas in wildness training program,a sample survey was conducted in the second-phase wildness training pen located in Wolong Nature Reserve from November to December in 2016.The results showed that food factor,shrub factor,tree factor and slope factor would affect the habitat selection of giant pandas during wildness training.Giant pandas mostly chose to forage in bamboo forests with density of 20 Culm·m~(-2)～40 Culm·m~(-2),height of 1 m～2 m and bamboo clump coverage of more than 70%.They preferred to move in shrub layer with shrub coverage of more than90%,shrub height of less than 3 cm at breast height of less than 5 m and density of less than 0.1 Culm·m~(-2).They would select the tree layers with canopy density of 0.5～0.7,DBH 10 cm～20 cm,height1 020 m and density 0.05 Culm·m~(-2)～0.1 Culm·m~(-2).They tended to choose the middle and lower slope positions with a slope of 20° to 30°.
引文
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[20]魏辅文,冯祚建,王祖望.相岭山系大熊猫和小熊猫对生境的选择[J].动物学报(Current Zoology),1999,45(1):57~63.
[21]Schaller G B,Hu J C,Pan W S,et al.The Giant Panda of Wolong.Chicago:Chicago University Press,1985.
[22]Donald G Reid,Alan H Taylor,Hu J C,et al.Environmental influences on Bamboo Bashania fangiana growth and implications for Giant Panda conservation.Journal of Applied Ecology,1991,28(3):855~868.
[23]杨春花,张和民,周小平,等.大熊猫生境选择研究进展[J].生态学报,2006,26(10):3442~3453.
[2]国家林业局.全国第四次大熊猫调查结果公布[EB/OL].2015,(2015-02-28)[2018-01-19].http://www.forestry.gov.cn/main/72/content-742880.html.
[3]严旬.野生大熊猫现状、面临的挑战及展望[J].兽类学报,2005,25(4):402~406.
[4]唐小平,贾建生,王志臣,等.全国第四次大熊猫调查方案设计及主要结果分析[J].林业资源管理,2015,(1):11~16.
[5]张泽钧,张陕宁,魏辅文,等.移地与圈养大熊猫野外放归的探讨[J].兽类学报,2006,26(3):292~299.
[6]Kleiman D G.Reintroduction of Captive Mammals for Conservation.Bioscience,2007,39(3):152~161.
[7]周世强,黄金燕,李伟,等.野化培训大熊猫的食性及其对拐棍竹的选择利用[J].四川动物,2006,25(1):76~80.
[8]孙儒泳.动物生态学原理(第三版)[M].北京:北京师范大学出版,2001:271~272.
[9]Block WM,Brennan L A.The habitat concept in ornithology:Theory and applications.Current Ornithology,1993,11:35~91.
[10]李德生,黄炎,周世强,等.卧龙圈养大熊猫母兽带仔野化培训[J].生物学通报,2011,46(7):13~15.
[11]张和民.圈养大熊猫野化培训与放归研究[M].科学出版社,2013.
[12]卧龙自然保护区.卧龙自然保护区动植物资源及保护[M].四川科学技术出版社,1992.
[13]Wei F,Feng Z,Wang Z,et al.Habitat Use and Separation between the Giant Panda and the Red Panda.Journal of Mammalogy,2000,81(2):448~455.
[14]张泽钧,胡锦矗.大熊猫生境选择研究[J].四川师范学院学报(自然科学版),2000,21(1):18~21.
[15]申国珍,李俊清,张明如.大熊猫栖息地退化生态系统恢复与重建的探讨[J].内蒙古农业大学学报(自然科学版),2002,23(1):36~40.
[16]魏辅文,周昂.马边大风顶自然保护区大熊猫对生境的选择[J].兽类学报,1996,16(4):241~245.
[17]陈化鹏,高中信.野生动物生态学[M].东北林业大学出版社,2000.
[18]巩文,任继文,赵长青.甘肃大熊猫生境分析[J].中南林学院学报,2004,24(4):74~78.
[19]张泽钧,魏辅文,胡锦矗.大熊猫生境选择及与小熊猫在生境上的分割[J].西华师范大学学报(自然科学版),2007,28(2):111~116.
[20]魏辅文,冯祚建,王祖望.相岭山系大熊猫和小熊猫对生境的选择[J].动物学报(Current Zoology),1999,45(1):57~63.
[21]Schaller G B,Hu J C,Pan W S,et al.The Giant Panda of Wolong.Chicago:Chicago University Press,1985.
[22]Donald G Reid,Alan H Taylor,Hu J C,et al.Environmental influences on Bamboo Bashania fangiana growth and implications for Giant Panda conservation.Journal of Applied Ecology,1991,28(3):855~868.
[23]杨春花,张和民,周小平,等.大熊猫生境选择研究进展[J].生态学报,2006,26(10):3442~3453.