黄泥河保护区三种鼬科动物冬季生境选择研究
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摘要
采用样线法对吉林黄泥河自然保护区3种鼬科动物冬季生境选择进行研究,共设置20条样线,记录了40个利用样方和40个对照样方。在每个样方内测定海拔、坡度、坡向、坡位、隐蔽级、郁闭度、灌丛盖度、树胸径、人为干扰距离、林型、裸岩、雪深和倒木共计13类生态因子。运用Bailey's置信区间法分析坡向、坡位、林型、裸岩、倒木等5个名词型变量;利用非参数检验中的2个独立样本Mann-Whitey U检验,分析海拔、坡度、隐蔽级、郁闭度、灌丛盖度、树胸径、人为干扰距离、雪深8个数量型变量;并通过主成分分析法,综合分析了13个因子对3种鼬科动物冬季栖息地选择的影响。结果显示,3种鼬科动物喜欢在阳坡、半阴半阳坡、中坡位的针叶林和针阔混交林中活动,对倒木和裸岩表现出明显选择性;对灌丛盖度的选择差异极显著(P <0. 01),对不同坡度和郁闭度的选择差异显著(P <0. 05);在主成分分析中,前4个主成分中的累积贡献率达到64. 859%,第一主成分贡献率为30. 933%,主要反映利用样方的林型、海拔、雪深和人为干扰距离的影响,第二主成分贡献率为14. 757%,主要反映利用样方的树胸径和隐蔽级影响。3种鼬科动物主要选择食物丰富度高、隐蔽程度高和可以减少能量消耗的地区作为冬季栖息地。
We investigated winter habitat use by Siberian weasel( Mustela sibirica),yellow-throated marten( Martes flavigula) and sable( Martes zibellina) using the line-transect method in Huangnihe Nature Reserve. We sampled 20 transect lines,and investigated 40 experimental sites and 40 control sites in this study. Thirteen ecological factors( elevation,slope gradient,slope direction,slope position,concealment grade,canopy density,shrub coverage,diameter at breast height,distance to human disturbance,forest type,bare rock,snow depth,and fallen log) were recorded at each site. Five variables( slope direction,slope position,forest type,bare rock,and fallen log) were analyzed by Bailey's confidence interval method. Eight variables( elevation,slope gradient,concealment grade,canopy density,shrub coverage,diameter at breast height,distance to human disturbance,and snow depth) were analyzed by Mann-Whitey U test of two independent samples,a non-parametric test. Impacts of the thirteen factors on winter habitat selections of three species of Mustelidae were synthetically analyzed by principal component analysis( PCA). Results showed that these species of Mustelidae used coniferous forests and mixed broadleaf-conifer forest located on sunny slope,half sunny slope,and middle slope position. There was significant selection for fallen log and bare rock,shrub coverage( P < 0. 01),and slope degree and canopy density( P < 0. 05). The cumulative contribution rate of the first four principal components was 65%. The cumulative contribution rate of the first principal component was 31%,attributable mainly to forest type,elevation,snow depth, and distance to human disturbance.The cumulative contribution rate of the second principal component was 15%,attributable mainly to diameter at breast height and concealment grade. Abundant food,high concealment,and less energy expenditure were key factors in selection of winter habitat by these three mustelid species.
We investigated winter habitat use by Siberian weasel( Mustela sibirica),yellow-throated marten( Martes flavigula) and sable( Martes zibellina) using the line-transect method in Huangnihe Nature Reserve. We sampled 20 transect lines,and investigated 40 experimental sites and 40 control sites in this study. Thirteen ecological factors( elevation,slope gradient,slope direction,slope position,concealment grade,canopy density,shrub coverage,diameter at breast height,distance to human disturbance,forest type,bare rock,snow depth,and fallen log) were recorded at each site. Five variables( slope direction,slope position,forest type,bare rock,and fallen log) were analyzed by Bailey's confidence interval method. Eight variables( elevation,slope gradient,concealment grade,canopy density,shrub coverage,diameter at breast height,distance to human disturbance,and snow depth) were analyzed by Mann-Whitey U test of two independent samples,a non-parametric test. Impacts of the thirteen factors on winter habitat selections of three species of Mustelidae were synthetically analyzed by principal component analysis( PCA). Results showed that these species of Mustelidae used coniferous forests and mixed broadleaf-conifer forest located on sunny slope,half sunny slope,and middle slope position. There was significant selection for fallen log and bare rock,shrub coverage( P < 0. 01),and slope degree and canopy density( P < 0. 05). The cumulative contribution rate of the first four principal components was 65%. The cumulative contribution rate of the first principal component was 31%,attributable mainly to forest type,elevation,snow depth, and distance to human disturbance.The cumulative contribution rate of the second principal component was 15%,attributable mainly to diameter at breast height and concealment grade. Abundant food,high concealment,and less energy expenditure were key factors in selection of winter habitat by these three mustelid species.
引文
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[18]徐利,姜兆文,马逸清,等.紫貂冬季活动范围的研究[J].兽类学报,1997,17(2):113-117.
[19]张伟,葛亮,沈广爽.长白山地区黄鼬冬季生境选择[J].野生动物,2008,29(4):192-194.
[20]张洪海,马建章.紫貂秋季生境选择的初步研究[J].生态学报,2000,20(1):150-154.
[2]李晓晓.可可西里同域分布藏羚与藏原羚生境选择研究[D].南京:南京农业大学,2011.
[3]朱妍,李波,张伟,等.俄罗斯与中国紫貂保护利用现状的比较[J].经济动物学报,2011,15(4):198-202.
[4]王云,朴正吉,李麒麟,等.黄鼬在吉林环长白山旅游公路路域活动的调查研究[J].四川动物,2010,29(2):166-169.
[5]葛志勇.黄泥河自然保护区有蹄类动物冬季栖息地选择[D].长春:吉林农业大学,2012.
[6]张建军.黄喉貂生态特性的初步观察[J].河北林果研究,2000,15(增刊1):195-196.
[7]常素慧.黄泥河自然保护区景观异质性与鸟类多样性分析[D].长春:吉林农业大学,2013.
[8]王海民,林文树.黄泥河林业局森林资源现状与可持续经营对策[J].东北林业大学学报,2013,41(9):119-122.
[9]张冬冬,朱洪强,葛志勇,等.黄泥河自然保护区原麝冬季栖息地的选择[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2015,43(6):15-20.
[10]张冬冬.黄泥河自然保护区东北马鹿与狍冬季生境选择的研究[D].长春:吉林农业大学,2014.
[11]张洪海,马建章.紫貂冬季生境的偏好[J].动物学研究,1999,20(5):355-359.
[12]金光耀.长白山地、大兴安岭紫貂冬季生境选择及生境适宜性差异性比较研究[D].哈尔滨:东北林业大学,2016.
[13]葛志勇,朱洪强,毛之夏,等.黄泥河自然保护区狍冬季栖息地选择[J].生态学杂志,2012,31(4):943-948.
[14]金光耀,张明海,姜广顺,等.大兴安岭双河国家级自然保护区大兴安岭紫貂亚种冬季生境选择及生境适宜性研究[C].第十三届全国野生动物生态与资源保护学术研讨会暨第六届中国西部动物学学术研讨会论文摘要集,2017.
[15]姜兆文,徐利,马逸清,等.大兴安岭地区紫貂冬季生境选择的研究[J].兽类学报,1998,18(2):112-119.
[16]Soutiere E C.Effects of timber harvesting on marten in Maine[J].The Journal of Wildlife Management,1979,43(4):850-860.
[17]周正,袁宏宇,毛国新,等.辽宁首次发现兽类分布新记录-黄喉貂[J].辽宁林业科技,2007(4):29.
[18]徐利,姜兆文,马逸清,等.紫貂冬季活动范围的研究[J].兽类学报,1997,17(2):113-117.
[19]张伟,葛亮,沈广爽.长白山地区黄鼬冬季生境选择[J].野生动物,2008,29(4):192-194.
[20]张洪海,马建章.紫貂秋季生境选择的初步研究[J].生态学报,2000,20(1):150-154.