国家重点研发项目:中国陆地生态系统生态质量综合监测技术与规范研究（英文）
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摘要
生态质量是指一定时空范围内生态系统要素、结构和功能的综合特征,具体表现为生态系统的状况、生产能力、结构和功能的稳定性、抗干扰和恢复能力。生态系统的质量是我国生态文明建设和生态环境监测的重要内容,多时空尺度观测技术的发展为生态系统质量监测与评价提供了新机遇,但同时也对国家尺度生态要素、生物多样性和生态功能的观测标准与技术规范提出了新的要求。本国家重点研发项目自2017年7月立项以来,围绕国家尺度生态质量监测技术与规范,开展了生态系统网络观测技术规范、台站生态要素监测、区域生物多样性和区域生态功能监测技术与规范的研究,在典型农林草湿地生态系统开展应用示范。项目在生态质量综合监测指标体系构建、生态系统研究网络观测技术、区域生物多样性和区域生态功能监测、基于无人机和机器学习的荒漠植被监测等方面取得了重要进展,促进了生态质量监测技术的发展。我们组织本专辑从不同视野集中系统介绍本项目已取得的生态质量监测技术和评价方法,以期促进生态学及其观测技术的发展。
Ecological quality is defined as the stability, adaptability and resilience of an ecosystem. Monitoring and assessing ecological quality are important bases for China's ecological civilization construction. The national key research and development program "Technologies and guidelines for monitoring ecological quality of terrestrial ecosystems in China", launched in July 2017, includes plans to study the observation technologies and provide guidelines on the ecological in-situ observation, the regional biodiversity and ecosystem function monitoring and its applications, all of which contribute to national ecological quality assessment. A year after its implementation,some important progress has been achieved, such as building the indicator system for comprehensive monitoring of ecological quality and improvement of the methods, mass data transmission, infrared camera-based monitoring of biodiversity, multi-angle automatic spectral observation systems, and unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV) based desert monitoring. We have organized this special issue and attempted to introduce the monitoring techniques and assessment methods on ecological quality from different perspectives in order to further promote the development of ecology and its observation methods.
Ecological quality is defined as the stability, adaptability and resilience of an ecosystem. Monitoring and assessing ecological quality are important bases for China's ecological civilization construction. The national key research and development program "Technologies and guidelines for monitoring ecological quality of terrestrial ecosystems in China", launched in July 2017, includes plans to study the observation technologies and provide guidelines on the ecological in-situ observation, the regional biodiversity and ecosystem function monitoring and its applications, all of which contribute to national ecological quality assessment. A year after its implementation,some important progress has been achieved, such as building the indicator system for comprehensive monitoring of ecological quality and improvement of the methods, mass data transmission, infrared camera-based monitoring of biodiversity, multi-angle automatic spectral observation systems, and unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV) based desert monitoring. We have organized this special issue and attempted to introduce the monitoring techniques and assessment methods on ecological quality from different perspectives in order to further promote the development of ecology and its observation methods.
引文
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Gao M,Zhang X,Sun Z,et al.2018.Wheat yield and growing period in response to field warming in different climatic zones in China.Scientia Agricultura Sinica,51(2):386-400.
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Li J,Xu H,Wan Y,et al.2018a.Progress in Construction of China Mammal Diversity Observation Network(China BON-Mammals).Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment,34(1):12-19.
Li Y,Liu Y,Wu S,et al.2017.Composition and carbon utilization of soil microbial communities subjected to long-term nitrogen fertilization in a temperate grassland in northern China.Applied Soil Ecology,124:252-261.
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Lu Q.2014.Desert ecosystem function assessment and service value research.Beijing:Science Press.
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Novick K A,Biederman J A,Desai A R,et al.2018.The AmeriFlux network:A coalition of the willing.Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,249:444-456.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2017.10.009.
Qian Z,Wang S,Chen J,et al.2018.Assessing canopy structure effect on the estimation of light-use efficiency in a subtropical evergreen forest.Journal of Natural Resources,38(16):5771-5781.(in Chinese)
Ren F,Zhang X,Liu J,et al.2018.A synthetic analysis of livestock manure substitution effects on organic carbon changes in China’s arable topsoil.CATENA,171:1-10.https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2018.06.036.
Ren F,Zhang X,Liu J,et al.2017.A synthetic analysis of greenhouse gas emissions from manure amended agricultural soils in China.Scientific Reports,7(1):8123.
Song C,Cao M.2017.Relationships between Plant Species Richness and Terrain in Middle Sub-Tropical Eastern China.Forests,8(9):344.
Sowin EN.?wierkosz B.2017.Application of surrogate measures of ecological quality assessment:The introduction of the Indicator of Ecological Landscape Quality(IELQ).Ecological Indicators,73:224-234.
Teeri J A,Raven P H.2002.A National Ecological Observatory Network.Science,298(5600):1893-1893.https://doi.org/DOI 10.1126/science.298.5600.1893.
Wang F,Pan X,Wang D,et al.2013.Combating desertification in China:Past,present and future.Land Use Policy,31(2):311-313.
Wang M,Wang S,Wang J.2018a.Detection of positive gross primary production extremes in terrestrial ecosystems of China during 1982-2015 and analysis of climate contribution.JGR-Biogeosciences,123(9):2807-2823.
Wang S.2016.Carbon budget of terrestrial ecosystems in China based on remote sensing and model simulation.Beijing:Science Press.
Wang S,Huang K,Yan H,et al.2015.Improving the light use efficiency model for simulating terrestrial vegetation gross primary production by the inclusion of diffuse radiation across ecosystems in China.Ecological Complexity,23:1-13.
Wang Y,Jiang H,Wu M,et al.2018b.A distributed high efficiency similarity matrix computation method based on users’mobile network access location.Telecommunications Science,34(5):26-38.
Wu S,Liu Y,Li Y,et al.2017.Effect of temperature and humidity on the alpine meadow soil carbon mineralization under different management in Naqu prefecture in Tibet.Journal of Beijing Normal University(Natural Science),53(5):615-623.https://doi.org/10.16360/j.cnki.jbnuns.2017.05.018.
Xiao Z,Li X,Xiang Z,et al.2017.Overview of the Mammal Diversity Observation Network of Sino BON.Biodiversity Science,25(3):237-245.
Xu H,Cui P,Zhu X,et al.2018a.Progress in Construction of China Bird Diversity Obervation Network(China BON-Birds).Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment,34(1):1-11.
Xu H,Wu J,Wu Y,et al.2018b.Progress in Construction of China Amphibian Diversity Obervation Network(China BON-Amphibians).Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment,34(1):20-26.
Yan C,Stenseth N C,Krebs C J,et al.2013.Linking climate change to population cycles of hares and lynx.Global Change Biology,19(11):3263-3271.
Yang P,Yu X,Zhuang X,et al.2008.Current situation and future development of China Ecosystem Research Network(CERN)of Chinese Academy of Sciences.Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences,23(6):555-561.
Yu G,Chen Z,Piao S,et al.2014.High carbon dioxide uptake by subtropical forest ecosystems in the East Asian monsoon region.Proceedings of the National Academy of Science,111(13):4910-4915.
Zhu W,Li S,Zhang X,et al.2018.Estimation of winter wheat yield using optimal vegetation indices from unmanned aerial vehicle remote sensing.Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,34(11):78-86.
Gao M,Zhang X,Sun Z,et al.2018.Wheat yield and growing period in response to field warming in different climatic zones in China.Scientia Agricultura Sinica,51(2):386-400.
Gong X,Cao M,Sun X,et al.2017.Valuation of ecosystem services in Wuyishan City.Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment,33(12):1094-1101.
Li J,Xu H,Wan Y,et al.2018a.Progress in Construction of China Mammal Diversity Observation Network(China BON-Mammals).Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment,34(1):12-19.
Li Y,Liu Y,Wu S,et al.2017.Composition and carbon utilization of soil microbial communities subjected to long-term nitrogen fertilization in a temperate grassland in northern China.Applied Soil Ecology,124:252-261.
Li Y,Shi H,Zhou L,et al.2018b.Disentangling climate and LAI effects on seasonal variability in water use efficiency across terrestrial ecosystems in China.Journal of Geophysical Research:Biogeosciences,123(8):2429-2443.https://doi.org/doi:10.1029/2018JG004482.
Lu Q.2014.Desert ecosystem function assessment and service value research.Beijing:Science Press.
Mu Y,Wang F,Zheng B,et al.2017.McGET:A rapid image-based method to determine the morphological characteristics of gravels on the Gobi desert surface.Geomorphology,304:89-98.
Novick K A,Biederman J A,Desai A R,et al.2018.The AmeriFlux network:A coalition of the willing.Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,249:444-456.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2017.10.009.
Qian Z,Wang S,Chen J,et al.2018.Assessing canopy structure effect on the estimation of light-use efficiency in a subtropical evergreen forest.Journal of Natural Resources,38(16):5771-5781.(in Chinese)
Ren F,Zhang X,Liu J,et al.2018.A synthetic analysis of livestock manure substitution effects on organic carbon changes in China’s arable topsoil.CATENA,171:1-10.https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2018.06.036.
Ren F,Zhang X,Liu J,et al.2017.A synthetic analysis of greenhouse gas emissions from manure amended agricultural soils in China.Scientific Reports,7(1):8123.
Song C,Cao M.2017.Relationships between Plant Species Richness and Terrain in Middle Sub-Tropical Eastern China.Forests,8(9):344.
Sowin EN.?wierkosz B.2017.Application of surrogate measures of ecological quality assessment:The introduction of the Indicator of Ecological Landscape Quality(IELQ).Ecological Indicators,73:224-234.
Teeri J A,Raven P H.2002.A National Ecological Observatory Network.Science,298(5600):1893-1893.https://doi.org/DOI 10.1126/science.298.5600.1893.
Wang F,Pan X,Wang D,et al.2013.Combating desertification in China:Past,present and future.Land Use Policy,31(2):311-313.
Wang M,Wang S,Wang J.2018a.Detection of positive gross primary production extremes in terrestrial ecosystems of China during 1982-2015 and analysis of climate contribution.JGR-Biogeosciences,123(9):2807-2823.
Wang S.2016.Carbon budget of terrestrial ecosystems in China based on remote sensing and model simulation.Beijing:Science Press.
Wang S,Huang K,Yan H,et al.2015.Improving the light use efficiency model for simulating terrestrial vegetation gross primary production by the inclusion of diffuse radiation across ecosystems in China.Ecological Complexity,23:1-13.
Wang Y,Jiang H,Wu M,et al.2018b.A distributed high efficiency similarity matrix computation method based on users’mobile network access location.Telecommunications Science,34(5):26-38.
Wu S,Liu Y,Li Y,et al.2017.Effect of temperature and humidity on the alpine meadow soil carbon mineralization under different management in Naqu prefecture in Tibet.Journal of Beijing Normal University(Natural Science),53(5):615-623.https://doi.org/10.16360/j.cnki.jbnuns.2017.05.018.
Xiao Z,Li X,Xiang Z,et al.2017.Overview of the Mammal Diversity Observation Network of Sino BON.Biodiversity Science,25(3):237-245.
Xu H,Cui P,Zhu X,et al.2018a.Progress in Construction of China Bird Diversity Obervation Network(China BON-Birds).Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment,34(1):1-11.
Xu H,Wu J,Wu Y,et al.2018b.Progress in Construction of China Amphibian Diversity Obervation Network(China BON-Amphibians).Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment,34(1):20-26.
Yan C,Stenseth N C,Krebs C J,et al.2013.Linking climate change to population cycles of hares and lynx.Global Change Biology,19(11):3263-3271.
Yang P,Yu X,Zhuang X,et al.2008.Current situation and future development of China Ecosystem Research Network(CERN)of Chinese Academy of Sciences.Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences,23(6):555-561.
Yu G,Chen Z,Piao S,et al.2014.High carbon dioxide uptake by subtropical forest ecosystems in the East Asian monsoon region.Proceedings of the National Academy of Science,111(13):4910-4915.
Zhu W,Li S,Zhang X,et al.2018.Estimation of winter wheat yield using optimal vegetation indices from unmanned aerial vehicle remote sensing.Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,34(11):78-86.