鄱阳湖湿地生态变化遥感监测分析研究
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摘要
鄱阳湖是长江经济带重要生态功能区,其生态环境变化对长江经济带生态环境具有重要意义,分析鄱阳湖区生态系统变化和水域变化,为鄱阳湖区生态环境治理和修复提供建议。通过分析鄱阳湖区1980～2015年生态系统变化及其水域变化,得出主要结论如下:(1)鄱阳湖区1980～2015年森林、草地、湿地等自然生态系统面积下降,而城镇等非自然生态系统面积上升较快。湿地生态系统作为鄱阳湖区主要生态系统,由于受围湖造田、城市扩张等人类活动影响,面积下降迅速。(2)近32年鄱阳湖区季节性水域面积波动较大,常年性水域面积相对较为稳定,2000年之后,鄱阳湖区季节性水域面积呈现缓慢下降的趋势。(3)鄱阳湖区以高淹没频率为主,占整个湖区的14. 32%,高淹没频率变化强度以减弱为主,表明高淹没区水体稳定性增强。低淹没频率占湖区的3. 18%,低淹没频率变化强度以增强为主,说明水陆交界区演替增强。(4) 36. 81%的新增季节性水体生态系统类型为农田,39. 10%的丧失季节性水体生态系统类型为农田,由此可见,农田是除湿地生态系统外影响季节性水体转换的重要因素。(5)鄱阳湖区应严控围湖造田和周边城市建设,严防开发建设挤占湿地生态空间;加强入湖河流水质评估和规划,保证湖水淹没能维持湖区湿地生态系统平衡。
Poyang Lake is an important ecological function area for the Yangtze River Economic Belt.Its ecological environment change is significant to the ecological environment of the Yangtze River Economic Belt. To provide suggestions for the ecological environment management and restoration in the Poyang Lake district,the analysis of the ecosystem changes and water changes in the Poyang Lake area is a main step.This paper analyzes the ecosystem changes and water changes in the Poyang Lake district from 1980 to 2015. The main conclusions are as follows:( 1) The area of natural ecosystems such as forests,grasslands and wetlands in Poyang Lake district declined from 1980 to 2015,while non-natural ecosystems such as cities and towns the area has risen faster.As the main ecosystem of the Poyang Lake district,the wetland ecosystem has been rapidly invaded due to human activities such as land reclamation and urban expansion.( 2) In the past 32 years,the seasonal waters of Poyang Lake district fluctuated greatly,and the perennial waters were relatively stable.After 2000,the seasonal water area of Poyang Lake district showed a slow decline.( 3) The Poyang Lake district is dominated by high inundation frequency,accounting for 14. 32 of the whole lake area. The intensity of high inundation frequency is mainly weakened,indicating that the water body stability in the high inundation area is enhanced. The low submergence frequency accounts for 3. 18% of the lake area,and the intensity of the low submergence frequency is mainly enhanced,indicating that the succession of the water-land junction area is enhanced.( 4) 36. 81 percent of the new seasonal water ecosystem types are farmland,and 39. 10% of the lost seasonal water ecosystem types are farmland.It can be seen that farmland is an important factor affecting the seasonal water body transition outside the dehumidification ecosystem.( 5) Poyang Lake district should strictly control the construction of surrounding lakes and surrounding cities,strictly prevent the development and construction from squeezing the wetland ecological space.Strengthen the water assessment and planning of the rivers into the lake to ensure that the lake water inundation can maintain the balance of the wetland ecosystem in the lake.
Poyang Lake is an important ecological function area for the Yangtze River Economic Belt.Its ecological environment change is significant to the ecological environment of the Yangtze River Economic Belt. To provide suggestions for the ecological environment management and restoration in the Poyang Lake district,the analysis of the ecosystem changes and water changes in the Poyang Lake area is a main step.This paper analyzes the ecosystem changes and water changes in the Poyang Lake district from 1980 to 2015. The main conclusions are as follows:( 1) The area of natural ecosystems such as forests,grasslands and wetlands in Poyang Lake district declined from 1980 to 2015,while non-natural ecosystems such as cities and towns the area has risen faster.As the main ecosystem of the Poyang Lake district,the wetland ecosystem has been rapidly invaded due to human activities such as land reclamation and urban expansion.( 2) In the past 32 years,the seasonal waters of Poyang Lake district fluctuated greatly,and the perennial waters were relatively stable.After 2000,the seasonal water area of Poyang Lake district showed a slow decline.( 3) The Poyang Lake district is dominated by high inundation frequency,accounting for 14. 32 of the whole lake area. The intensity of high inundation frequency is mainly weakened,indicating that the water body stability in the high inundation area is enhanced. The low submergence frequency accounts for 3. 18% of the lake area,and the intensity of the low submergence frequency is mainly enhanced,indicating that the succession of the water-land junction area is enhanced.( 4) 36. 81 percent of the new seasonal water ecosystem types are farmland,and 39. 10% of the lost seasonal water ecosystem types are farmland.It can be seen that farmland is an important factor affecting the seasonal water body transition outside the dehumidification ecosystem.( 5) Poyang Lake district should strictly control the construction of surrounding lakes and surrounding cities,strictly prevent the development and construction from squeezing the wetland ecological space.Strengthen the water assessment and planning of the rivers into the lake to ensure that the lake water inundation can maintain the balance of the wetland ecosystem in the lake.
引文
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[2]LIU Y B,WU G P,ZHAO X S.Recent declines in China’s largest freshwater lake:trend or regime shift?[J].Environmental Research Letters,2013(8):014010.
[3]江西省人民政府.鄱阳湖生态环境综合整治三年行动计划(2018-2020年)[OL].[2018-5-30].http://www.jxagri.gov.cn/News.Shtml?p5=88903942.
[4]DONCHYTS G,BAART F,WINSEMIUS H,et al.Earth's surface water change over the past 30 years[J].Nature Climate Change,2016,6(9):810-813.
[5]PEKEL J F,COTTAM A,GORELICK N,et al.High-resolution mapping of global surface water and its long-term changes[J].Nature,2016,540(7633):418-422.
[6]许超,蒋卫国,万立冬,等.基于MODIS时间序列数据的洞庭湖区洪水淹没频率研究[J].灾害学,2016,31(1):96-101.
[7]谷娟,秦怡,王鑫,等.鄱阳湖水体淹没频率变化及其湿地植被的响应[J].生态学报,2018,38(21),7718-7726.
[8]FENG L,HU C,CHEN X,et al.Assessment of inundation changes of Poyang Lake using MODIS observations between 2000 and 2010[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,2012,121(2):80-92.
[9]江西省地方志编篡委员会.江西省自然地理志[M].北京:方志出版社,2003.
[10]吴英豪,纪伟涛.江西鄱阳湖国家级自然保护区研究[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2002.
[11]王苏民,窦鸿身,陈克造.中国湖泊志[M].北京:科学出版社,1998年.
[12]欧阳千林,刘卫林.近50年鄱阳湖水位变化特征研究[J].长江流域资源与环境,2014,23(11):1545-1550.
[13]戴星照,方豫,陈葵,等.鄱阳湖流域综合规划与管理技术[J].江西科学,2003,21(3):217-221.