典型锌冶金区蔬菜重金属的生物可给性及健康风险评价
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摘要
为了探究冶金区蔬菜重金属污染状况及对人体的危害,以葫芦岛锌冶炼厂周围为研究区域,对8种典型蔬菜中重金属含量进行分析,采用体外胃肠模拟实验,测算出蔬菜中重金属的生物可给性,并以此修正健康风险评价计算方法.结果表明,蔬菜中各重金属的生物可给性在模拟胃阶段表现为:Cd(67.67%)>Pb(50.70%)>Cu(44.69%)>Hg(3.09%);在模拟肠阶段表现为:Pb(48.90%)>Cd(40.66%)>Cu(32.88%)>Hg(13.12%).由生物可给性校正后,人群通过饮食蔬菜途径摄入重金属的目标危险系数(THQ)顺序依次为:Cd>Pb>Cu>Hg.基于胃肠阶段生物可给性计算的重金属单元素的目标危险系数(THQ)及多种重金属复合的目标危险系数(TTHQ)均小于1,但基于胃阶段生物可给性的Cd目标危险系数(THQ)仍然超过1,表明锌厂周围人群通过饮食蔬菜途径摄入重金属存在健康风险.成人的4种单元素THQ值和TTHQ值均高于儿童,说明成人通过饮食蔬菜途径摄入重金属的健康风险高于儿童.
To understand the contamination of heavy metals in metallurgical area and their harm to human,the area around Huludao Zinc Plant was selected to investigate the occurrences of heavy metals contents in eight vegetables.The bioaccessibility of heavy metals in vegetables was evaluated by in vitro gastrointestinal experiments,and the calculation methods of health risk assessment were calibrated.Their bioaccessibility showed Cd(67.67%) > Pb(50.70%) > Cu(44.69%) > Hg(3.09%) in stomach phase;and Pb(48.90%) > Cd(40.66%) > Cu(32.88%) > Hg(13.12%) in intestinal phase.Upon bioaccessibility correction,the target hazard quotient(THQ) of heavy metal contamination for local residents via dietary consumption of vegetables followed:Cd>Pb>Cu>Hg.THQ and TTHQ for heavy metals based on bioaccessibility in intestinal phase were calculated to be less than 1,but THQ for Cd in stomach phase exceeded 1,indicating that intake of heavy metals through consuming vegetables would pose potential health risks to individuals in the vicinity of Zinc plant.Additionally,THQ and TTHQ of four heavy metals for adults were higher than those of children.
To understand the contamination of heavy metals in metallurgical area and their harm to human,the area around Huludao Zinc Plant was selected to investigate the occurrences of heavy metals contents in eight vegetables.The bioaccessibility of heavy metals in vegetables was evaluated by in vitro gastrointestinal experiments,and the calculation methods of health risk assessment were calibrated.Their bioaccessibility showed Cd(67.67%) > Pb(50.70%) > Cu(44.69%) > Hg(3.09%) in stomach phase;and Pb(48.90%) > Cd(40.66%) > Cu(32.88%) > Hg(13.12%) in intestinal phase.Upon bioaccessibility correction,the target hazard quotient(THQ) of heavy metal contamination for local residents via dietary consumption of vegetables followed:Cd>Pb>Cu>Hg.THQ and TTHQ for heavy metals based on bioaccessibility in intestinal phase were calculated to be less than 1,but THQ for Cd in stomach phase exceeded 1,indicating that intake of heavy metals through consuming vegetables would pose potential health risks to individuals in the vicinity of Zinc plant.Additionally,THQ and TTHQ of four heavy metals for adults were higher than those of children.
引文
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Intawongse M,Dean J R.2006.Uptake of heavy metals by vegetable plants grown on contaminated soil and their bioavailability in the human gastrointestinal tract[J].Food Additives and Contaminants,23(1):36-48
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李继宁.2014.土壤空心菜系统中重金属生物有效性及其人体健康风险评估研究[D].北京:中国环境科学院
李如忠,潘成荣,徐晶晶,等.2013.典型有色金属矿业城市零星菜地蔬菜重金属污染及健康风险评估[J].环境科学,34(3):1076-1085
Lu Y,Yin W,Huang L B,et al.2011.Assessment of bioaccessibility and exposure risk of arsenic and lead in urban soils of Guangzhou City,China[J].Environmental Geochemistry and Health,33(2):93-102
Luo X S,Ding J,Xu B,et al.2012.Incorporating bioaccessibility into human health risk assessments of heavy metals in urban park soils[J].Science of the Total Environment,424(4):88-96
Marisa I,John R D.2006.Uptake of heavy metals by vegetable plants grown on contaminated soil and their bioavailability in the human gastrointestinal tract[J].Food Additives&Contaminants,23(1):36-48
Islam M S,Hoque M F.2014.Concentrations of heavy metals in vegetables around the industrial area of Dhaka city,Bangladesh and health risk assessment[J].International Food Research Journal,21(6):2121-2126
Meunier L,Walker S R,Wragg J,et al.2010.Effects of soil composition and mineralogy on the bio accessibility of arsenic from tailings and soil in gold mine districts of Nova Scotia[J].Environmental Science and Technology,44(7):2667-2674
Oomen A G,Tolls J,Sips A,et al.2003.In vitro intestinal lead uptake and transport in relation to speciation[J].Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology,44(1):116-124
Ruby M V,Davis A,Schoof R,et al.1996.Estimation of lead and arsenic bioavaibility using a physiologically based extraction test[J].Environmental Science and Technology,30(2):422-430
Ruby M V,Schoof R,Brattin W,et al.1999.Advances in evaluating the oral bioavailability of inorganics in soil for use in human health risk assessment[J].Environmental Science and Technology,33(21):3697-3705
US EPA.2000.Risk-based concentration table[OL].2017-05-31.http://www.677 epa.gov/reg3hwmd/risk/human/index.htm
Yang Y,Zhang F S,Li H F,et al.2009.Accumulation of cadmium in the edible parts of six vegetable species grown in Cd-contaminated soils[J].Environmental Management,90:1117-1122
Yu C H,Yin L M,Lioy Paul J.2006.The bioaccessibility of lead(Pb)from vacuumed house dust on carpets in urban residences[J].Risk Analysis,26(1):125-134
张恒,周自强,赵海燕,等.2016.青奥会前后南京PM2.5重金属污染水平与健康风险评估[J].环境科学,37(1):28-34
Zheng N,Wang Q,Zhang X,et al.2007.Population health risk due to dietary intake of heavy metals in the industrial area of Huludao city,China[J].Science of the Total Environment,387(1):96-104
郑娜,王起超,刘景双,等.2009.葫芦岛市土壤、蔬菜重金属污染空间变化规律[J].环境科学,30(7):2071-2076
郑娜,王起超,郑冬梅.2007.基于THQ的锌冶炼厂周围人群食用蔬菜的健康风险分析[J].环境科学学报,27(4):672-678
周国华.2014.土壤重金属生物有效性研究进展[J].物探与化探,38(6):1097-1106
Zhuang P,Mc Bride M B,Xia H,et al.2009.Health risk from heavy metals via consumption of food crops in the vicinity of Daboshan mine[J].South China Sci Total Environ,407(5):1551-1561
朱颖.2014.武汉市南湖大道南侧PM10、PM2.5及其重金属污染特征[D].武汉:华中农业大学
Chen Y,Wu P P,Shao Y F,et al.2013.Health risk assessment of heavy metals in vegetables grown around battery production area[J].Scientia Agricola,71(2):126-132
陈晓晨,崔岩山.2009.小白菜的干鲜状态对其铅的生物可给性的影响[J].生态毒理学报,4(6):793-799
陈晓晨,牛佳,崔岩山.2010.城市表层土壤中铅的生物可给性及其对人体的健康风险评价-以首钢厂区附近小区域为例[J].环境科学,31(12):3028-3035
崔岩山,陈晓晨.2010.土壤中镉的生物可给性及其对人体的健康风险评估[J].环境科学,31(2):403-408
樊霆,叶文玲,陈海燕,等.2013.农田土壤重金属污染状况及修复技术研究[J].生态环境学报,22(10):1727-1736
Fu J,Cui Y S.2013.In vitro digestion/Caco-2 cell model to estimate cadmium and lead bioaccessibility/bioavailability in two vegetables:The influence of cooking and additives[J].Food and Chemical Toxicology,59:215-221
付瑾,崔岩山.2011.食物中营养物及污染物的生物可给性研究进展[J].生态毒理学报,6(2):113-120
付瑾,崔岩山.2012.In vitro系统评价胃肠液p H及土液比对铅、镉、砷生物可给性的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,31(2):245-251
郭朝晖,朱永官.2004.典型矿冶周边地区土壤重金属污染及有效性含量[J].生态环境学报,13(4):553-555
Horiguchi H,Oguma E,Sasaki S,et al.2004.Dietary exposure to cadmium at close to the current provisional tolerable weekly intake does not affect renal function among female Japanese farmers[J].Environmental Research,95:20-31
黄勇,郭庆荣,任海,等.2005.珠江三角洲典型地区蔬菜重金属污染现状研究-以中山市和东莞市为例[J].生态环境,14(4):559-561
Hu W Y,Chen Y,Huang B,et al.2014.Health risk assessment of heavy metals in soils and vegetables from a typical greenhouse vegetable production system in China[J].Human and Ecological Risk Assessment,20:1264-1280
Hu X,Zhang Y,Luo J et al.2011.Bioaccessibility and health risk of arsenic,mercury and other metals in urban street dusts from a megacity,Nanjing,China[J].Environmental Pollution,159(5):1215-1221
Intawongse M,Dean J R.2006.Uptake of heavy metals by vegetable plants grown on contaminated soil and their bioavailability in the human gastrointestinal tract[J].Food Additives and Contaminants,23(1):36-48
Jerrett M,Buzzelli M,Burnett R T,et al.2005.Particulate air pollution,social confounders,and mortality in small areas of anindustrial city[J].Social Science&Medicine,60(12):2845-2863
兰砥中.2014.湖南某典型铅锌矿区农业土壤及农作物中重金属的风险评价[D].长沙:湖南农业大学
李春燕,袁寒,沈云玫,等.2013.金属复合污染对小白菜生长及生理生化的影响[J].广东农业科学,40(19):55-56
李继宁.2014.土壤空心菜系统中重金属生物有效性及其人体健康风险评估研究[D].北京:中国环境科学院
李如忠,潘成荣,徐晶晶,等.2013.典型有色金属矿业城市零星菜地蔬菜重金属污染及健康风险评估[J].环境科学,34(3):1076-1085
Lu Y,Yin W,Huang L B,et al.2011.Assessment of bioaccessibility and exposure risk of arsenic and lead in urban soils of Guangzhou City,China[J].Environmental Geochemistry and Health,33(2):93-102
Luo X S,Ding J,Xu B,et al.2012.Incorporating bioaccessibility into human health risk assessments of heavy metals in urban park soils[J].Science of the Total Environment,424(4):88-96
Marisa I,John R D.2006.Uptake of heavy metals by vegetable plants grown on contaminated soil and their bioavailability in the human gastrointestinal tract[J].Food Additives&Contaminants,23(1):36-48
Islam M S,Hoque M F.2014.Concentrations of heavy metals in vegetables around the industrial area of Dhaka city,Bangladesh and health risk assessment[J].International Food Research Journal,21(6):2121-2126
Meunier L,Walker S R,Wragg J,et al.2010.Effects of soil composition and mineralogy on the bio accessibility of arsenic from tailings and soil in gold mine districts of Nova Scotia[J].Environmental Science and Technology,44(7):2667-2674
Oomen A G,Tolls J,Sips A,et al.2003.In vitro intestinal lead uptake and transport in relation to speciation[J].Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology,44(1):116-124
Ruby M V,Davis A,Schoof R,et al.1996.Estimation of lead and arsenic bioavaibility using a physiologically based extraction test[J].Environmental Science and Technology,30(2):422-430
Ruby M V,Schoof R,Brattin W,et al.1999.Advances in evaluating the oral bioavailability of inorganics in soil for use in human health risk assessment[J].Environmental Science and Technology,33(21):3697-3705
US EPA.2000.Risk-based concentration table[OL].2017-05-31.http://www.677 epa.gov/reg3hwmd/risk/human/index.htm
Yang Y,Zhang F S,Li H F,et al.2009.Accumulation of cadmium in the edible parts of six vegetable species grown in Cd-contaminated soils[J].Environmental Management,90:1117-1122
Yu C H,Yin L M,Lioy Paul J.2006.The bioaccessibility of lead(Pb)from vacuumed house dust on carpets in urban residences[J].Risk Analysis,26(1):125-134
张恒,周自强,赵海燕,等.2016.青奥会前后南京PM2.5重金属污染水平与健康风险评估[J].环境科学,37(1):28-34
Zheng N,Wang Q,Zhang X,et al.2007.Population health risk due to dietary intake of heavy metals in the industrial area of Huludao city,China[J].Science of the Total Environment,387(1):96-104
郑娜,王起超,刘景双,等.2009.葫芦岛市土壤、蔬菜重金属污染空间变化规律[J].环境科学,30(7):2071-2076
郑娜,王起超,郑冬梅.2007.基于THQ的锌冶炼厂周围人群食用蔬菜的健康风险分析[J].环境科学学报,27(4):672-678
周国华.2014.土壤重金属生物有效性研究进展[J].物探与化探,38(6):1097-1106
Zhuang P,Mc Bride M B,Xia H,et al.2009.Health risk from heavy metals via consumption of food crops in the vicinity of Daboshan mine[J].South China Sci Total Environ,407(5):1551-1561
朱颖.2014.武汉市南湖大道南侧PM10、PM2.5及其重金属污染特征[D].武汉:华中农业大学