湿地松和火炬松纯林和混交林生长比较
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摘要
以湖北省荆门市彭山林场不同林龄的湿地松纯林、火炬松纯林和湿地松+火炬松混交林为研究对象,采用木材解析法,比较研究了湿地松、火炬松两个树种在纯林和混交林的生长特性,以了解两树种混交效果是否具有明显的增产效果。结果表明:与纯林相比,在15年时,湿地松和火炬松在混交林中直径分别增加了12.05%和10.60%,材积分别增加38.91%和24.25%。在所有5个混交林中,湿地松和火炬松的相对产量均大于1。湿地松和火炬松混交在生长量和材积上表现出正效应。在混交林中,湿地松获得更多的效应,但无论在纯林还是在混交林中,火炬松均比湿地松生长得好。
Pure Pinus elliottii stands,pure P.taeda stands,and mixed stands of P.elliottii and P.taeda of different forest ages in Pengshan forest farm of Jingmen city were chosen as research object,the growth characteristics of P.elliottii and P.taeda in pure stands and mixed stands were studied by wood analysis method,so as to find out whether mixed tree species had obvious effect on increasing yield.The results showed that positive mixing effects of growth and volume yield occurred in mixed stands of the two pine species.Compared to the corresponding pure stands,the total diameter increased 12.05%and10.60%for P.elliottii and P.taedain mixed stands at tree age of 15 years,respectively,and total volume of P.elliottii increased38.91%,24.25%for P.taeda.Although P.elliottii obtained more benefits in the mixed stands,but P.taedashowed better growth in pure and mixed stands than P.elliottii.Relative yield of P.elliottii in all the five mixed stands was greater than 1.0.Mixed stands of P.elliottii/P.taeda showed positive effects of growth and volume yield,and P.elliottii obtained more benefits in the mixed stands,but P.taeda showed better growth,no matter where it was in pure and mixed stands.
Pure Pinus elliottii stands,pure P.taeda stands,and mixed stands of P.elliottii and P.taeda of different forest ages in Pengshan forest farm of Jingmen city were chosen as research object,the growth characteristics of P.elliottii and P.taeda in pure stands and mixed stands were studied by wood analysis method,so as to find out whether mixed tree species had obvious effect on increasing yield.The results showed that positive mixing effects of growth and volume yield occurred in mixed stands of the two pine species.Compared to the corresponding pure stands,the total diameter increased 12.05%and10.60%for P.elliottii and P.taedain mixed stands at tree age of 15 years,respectively,and total volume of P.elliottii increased38.91%,24.25%for P.taeda.Although P.elliottii obtained more benefits in the mixed stands,but P.taedashowed better growth in pure and mixed stands than P.elliottii.Relative yield of P.elliottii in all the five mixed stands was greater than 1.0.Mixed stands of P.elliottii/P.taeda showed positive effects of growth and volume yield,and P.elliottii obtained more benefits in the mixed stands,but P.taeda showed better growth,no matter where it was in pure and mixed stands.
引文
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[17]Gonzalez-Benecke CA,Teskey RO,Dinon-Aldridge H,et al.Pinus taedaforest growth predictions in the 21(st)century vary with site mean annual temperature and site quality[J].Glob Change Biol,2017:1-17.
[18]肖文娅,周琦,董务闯,等.苏州太湖流域2种针阔混交林林分空间结构特征比较[J].西南林业大学学报,2014,34(4):8-13.
[19]Condés S,del Rio M,Sterba H.Mixing effect on volume growth of Fagus sylvatica and Pinus sylvestris is modulated by stand density[J].For Ecol Manage,2013,292:86-95.
[20]Staudhammer CL,Jokela EJ,Timothy A,et al.Competition dynamics in pure-versus mixed family stands of loblolly and slash pine in the southeastern United States[J].Can J For Res,2009,39:396-409.
[21]Kelty MJ.The role of species mixtures in plantation forestry.For Ecol Manage,2006,233:195-204.
[2]del Rio M,Pretzsch H,Alberdi I,et al.Characterization of the structure,dynamics,and productivity of mixed-species stands:review and perspectives[J].Eur J Forest Res,2016,135:23-49.
[3]Morris AR,Smith CW.Growth and yield as an indication of sustainable forest management in industrial plantations[J].Southern African Forestry Journal,2002,195:47-55.
[4]LégaréS,Pare D,Bergeron Y.The responses of black Norway spruce growth to an increased proportion of aspen in mixed stands[J].Can J For Res,2004,34:405-416.
[5]Pretzsch H,Block J,Dieler J I,et al.Comparison between the productivity of pure and mixed stands of Norway spruce and European beech along an ecological gradient[J].Ann For Sci,2010,67:1-12.
[6]Amoroso MM,Turnblom EC.Comparing productivity of pure and mixed Douglas-fir and western hemlock plantations in the Pacific Northwest[J].Can J For Res,2006,36:1484-1496.
[7]Bielak K,Dudzinska M,Pretzsch H.Mixed stands of Scots pine(Pinus sylvestris L.)and Norway spruce[Picea abies(L.)Karst]can be more productive than monocultures.Evidence from over 100years of observation of long-term experiments[J].Forest Systems,2014,23:573-589
[8]蒋妙定,周子贵,孙敏华,等.杉木混交林营造技术及效益研究[J].浙江林业科技,1993(2):10-18.
[9]Knoke T,Ammer C,Stimm B,et al.Admixing broadleaved to coniferous tree species:a review on yield,ecological stability and economics[J].European Journal of Forest Research,2008,127:80-101.
[10]Urban J,Ingwers MW,McGuire MA,et al.Increase in leaf temperature opens stomata and decouples net photosynthesis from stomatal conductance in Pinus taeda and Populus deltoides x nigra[J].J Exp Bot,2017,68:1757-1767
[11]Westbrook JW,Chhatre VE,Wu LS,et al.A consensus genetic map for Pinus taeda and Pinus elliottii and extent of linkage disequilibrium in two genotype-phenotype discovery Populations of Pinus taeda[J].G3-Genes Genomes Genetics,2015,5:1685-1694.
[12]Nunes S,Santos C,Moutinho-Pereira J,et al.Physiological characterization and true-to-typeness evaluation of in vitro and ex vitro seedlings of Pinus elliottii:A contribution to breeding programs[J].Plant Physiol Biochem,2016,107:222-227.
[13]Albaugh TJ,Stape JL,Fox TR,et al.Midrotation vegetation control and fertilization response in Pinus taeda and Pinus elliottii across the southeastern United States[J].South J Appl For,2012,36:44-53.
[14]Rockwood DL,Huber DA,White TL.Provenance and family variability in slash pine(Pinus elliottii var.elliottii Engelm.)grown in southern Brazil and northeastern Argentina[J].New Forests,2001,21:115-125.
[15]Clason TR.Thinned loblolly pine stand growth improved by early hardwood suppression[J].South J Appl For,1992,15:22-27.
[16]Will RE,Barron GA,Burkes EC,et al.Relationship between intercepted radiation,net photosynthesis respiration,and rate of stem volume growth of Pinus taeda and Pinus elliottii stands of different densities[J].Forest Ecol mang,2001,154:155-163.
[17]Gonzalez-Benecke CA,Teskey RO,Dinon-Aldridge H,et al.Pinus taedaforest growth predictions in the 21(st)century vary with site mean annual temperature and site quality[J].Glob Change Biol,2017:1-17.
[18]肖文娅,周琦,董务闯,等.苏州太湖流域2种针阔混交林林分空间结构特征比较[J].西南林业大学学报,2014,34(4):8-13.
[19]Condés S,del Rio M,Sterba H.Mixing effect on volume growth of Fagus sylvatica and Pinus sylvestris is modulated by stand density[J].For Ecol Manage,2013,292:86-95.
[20]Staudhammer CL,Jokela EJ,Timothy A,et al.Competition dynamics in pure-versus mixed family stands of loblolly and slash pine in the southeastern United States[J].Can J For Res,2009,39:396-409.
[21]Kelty MJ.The role of species mixtures in plantation forestry.For Ecol Manage,2006,233:195-204.