等离子鞘套随机特性对电波传播影响分析
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摘要
高超声速飞行器等离子鞘套由于湍流、姿态调整、非均匀烧蚀等因素的影响,其等离子参数具有一定的随机特性。随机媒质的时域有限差分法(Stochastic Finite Difference Time Domain,SFDTD)可用于快速分析随机媒质中电波传播的统计特性。本文将普通媒质的S-FDTD方法扩展到等离子色散媒质,并采用该方法分析了典型鞘套电子密度分布下,电子密度随机特性对电波传播的影响。结果表明:电子密度的随机变化会引起透射电磁波的幅度与相位的抖动,抖动幅度与电子密度变化幅度具有线性相关性;等离子碰撞频率越高,相同强度的电子密度变化引起的透射系数幅度与相位变化越小;提高入射波频率,有助于有减少透射电磁波幅度与相位抖动。
Due to the turbulence,vehicle posture adjustment,non-uniform ablation and other factors,the plasma sheath surrounding the hypersonic vehicle is of random characteristics.The stochastic finite-difference time-domain(S-FDTD)method is a very efficient method for evaluating the electromagnetic(EM)wave propagation in material characterized by uncertainty or variability.In this paper,we extend the original S-FDTD algorithm to simulate the wave propagation in plasma.By the proposed method,the effects of the stochastic characteristics of electron density distribution on EM wave propagation are analyzed.The results show that the variability of the electron density will lead to the jitter in the amplitude and phase of the transmission electromagnetic waves,and that the jitter amplitude has a linear correlation with the intensity of electron density variability.We also find that the higher the plasma collision frequency,the smaller the amplitude and phase jitter of the transmission coefficient under the same variability of plasma electrons density,and that increasing the frequency of the incident wave helps to reduce the amplitude and phase jitter of the transmission coefficient.
Due to the turbulence,vehicle posture adjustment,non-uniform ablation and other factors,the plasma sheath surrounding the hypersonic vehicle is of random characteristics.The stochastic finite-difference time-domain(S-FDTD)method is a very efficient method for evaluating the electromagnetic(EM)wave propagation in material characterized by uncertainty or variability.In this paper,we extend the original S-FDTD algorithm to simulate the wave propagation in plasma.By the proposed method,the effects of the stochastic characteristics of electron density distribution on EM wave propagation are analyzed.The results show that the variability of the electron density will lead to the jitter in the amplitude and phase of the transmission electromagnetic waves,and that the jitter amplitude has a linear correlation with the intensity of electron density variability.We also find that the higher the plasma collision frequency,the smaller the amplitude and phase jitter of the transmission coefficient under the same variability of plasma electrons density,and that increasing the frequency of the incident wave helps to reduce the amplitude and phase jitter of the transmission coefficient.
引文
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[2]SULLIVAN L J.The early history of reentry physics research at Lincoln Laboratory[J].The Lincoln Laboratory Journal,1991,4(2):113-132.
[3]HARTUNIAN R A,STEWART G E,FERGASON S D,et al.Causes and mitigation of radio frequency(RF)blackout during reentry of reusable launch vehicles[R].Contractor Report ATR-2007(5309)-1,2007.
[4]乐嘉陵,高铁锁,曾学军.再入物理[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2005.
[5]王柏懿.再入等离子鞘的电波传播特性[J].宇航学报,1982,(2):81-101.WANG Boyi.Propagation properties of reentry plasma sheath for electromagnetic wave[J].Journal of Astronautics,1982,(2):81-101.
[6]赵汉章,吴是静,董乃涵.不均匀等离子体鞘套中电磁波的传播[J].地球物理学报,1983,26(1):9-16.ZHAO Hanzhang,WU Shijing,DONG Naihan.On the propagation of electromagnetic wave in a inhomogeneous plasma sheath[J].Acta Geophysics Sinica,1983,26(1):9-16.
[7]LIU Jiangfan,XI Xiaoli,WAN Guobin,et al.Simulation of electromagnetic wave propagation through plasma sheath using the moving-window finite-difference time-domain method[J].IEEE Transaction on Plasma Science,2011,39(3):852-855.
[8]BAO Huaguang,CHEN Rushan.An efficient domain decomposition parallel scheme for leapfrog ADI-FDTD method[J].IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation,2017,65(3):1490-1494.
[9]CAO J,TAO S,CHEN R.An efficient solution for volume integral equation based on meshfree scheme[J].IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters,2015,14:1618-1621.
[10]XIE Kai,YANG Min,BAI Bowen,et al.Re-entry communication through a plasma sheath using standing wave detection and adaptive data rate control[J].Journal of Applied Physics,2016,119(2):0233012.
[11]LIU Donglin,LI Xiaoping,XIE Kai,et al.The propagation characteristics of electromagnetic waves through plasma in the near-field region of low-frequency loop antenna[J].Physics of Plasmas,2015,22(10):210610.
[12]杨敏,李小平,刘彦明,等.信号在时变等离子体中的传播特性[J].物理学报,2014,63(8):261-270.YANG Min,LI Xiaoping,LIU Yanming,et al.Propagation of electromagnetic signals in the time-varying plasma[J].Acta Physica Sinica,2014,63(8):261-270.
[13]高平,李小平,谢楷,等.等离子体对GPS信号载噪比的影响[J].航空学报,2015,36(2):633-639.GAO Ping,LI Xiaoping,XIE Kai,et al.Effect of plasma on C/N0 of GPS signal[J].Acta Aeronautica ET Astronautica Sinica,2015,36(2):633-639.
[14]HE Guolong,ZHAN Yafeng,GE Ning,et al.Channel characterization and finite-state Markov channel modeling for time-varying plasma sheath surrounding hypersonic vehicles[J].Progress in Electromagnetics Research,2014,145:299-308.
[15]HE Guolong,ZHAN Yafeng,ZHANG Jingzhuo,et al.Characterization of the dynamic effects of the reentry plasma sheath on electromagnetic wave propagation[J].IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science,2016,44(3):232-238.
[16]SMITH S M,FURSE C.Stochastic FDTD for analysis of statistical variation in electromagnetic fields[J].IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation,2012,60(7):3343-3350.
[17]BISHEH K M,GATABI B Z,ANDARGOLI S M H.Stochastic FDTD accuracy improvement through correlation coefficient estimation[J].Waves in Random and Complex Media,2015,25(2):154-169.
[18]NGUYEN B T,FURSE C,SIMPSON J J.A 3-D stochastic FDTD model of electromagnetic wave propagation in magnetized ionosphere plasma[J].IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation,2015,63(1):304-313.
[19]Kelley D F,Luebbers R J.Piecewise linear recursive convolution for dispersive media using FDTD[J].IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation,1996,44(6):792-797.
[20]XI Xiaoli,LUO Rong,LIU Jiangfan,et al.Combined piecewise linear recursive convolution-bilinear transform implementation of the CFS-PML for unmagnetized plasma[J].IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters,2011,21(6):277-279.