高压电缆附件设计环节中几个关键问题探讨
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摘要
高压电缆附件的设计是一项涉及电气、机械、材料和热力学四方面的复杂过程,只有经过周密、精确的电、力、热的复合场设计,才能将因生产环节导致的故障率降至最低。因此针对高压电缆附件用预制或冷缩型附件设计环节中的几个关键问题,从电学性能、力学性能、松弛特性、扩张形变和电场优化等几个方面出发,提出橡胶材料弹性模量越高,界面压力越大,附件所需扩张率越低;温度越高,伸长率越大,橡胶材料的应力松弛速度越快;电缆附件撑开时,从内侧到外侧发生非线性位移,内侧大而外侧小,根据弹塑性力学理论,建立电缆附件的厚壁圆筒力学形变方程,可将电缆附件扩展后的电场优化尺寸成功恢复到厂家生产尺寸;最后给出合理设计电缆附件生产结构的方法和思路。该研究方法有望用于指导我国高压交、直流预制/冷缩型电缆附件的材料选型和结构优化设计。
The design of high voltage cable accessory is a complex process involving electric, machinery, material, and thermodynamics. The electrical, mechanical and thermal composite field is precisely designed to minimize the failure rate caused by production process. Consequently, we discussed several key design problems such as the electrical properties, mechanical properties, relaxation characteristics, expansion deformation and electric field optimization in high voltage prefabricated or shrinkable cable accessories. We proposed that accessories expansion rate would decrease with rubber elasticity modulus and increase of interfacial pressure, and rubber stress relaxation rate would increase with environment temperature and rubber elongation increasing. The expansion of the cable accessory brings a nonlinear displacement from the inside to the outside, and the inside displacement is large and the outside is small. Based on the theory of the elastic-plasticity mechanics, the thick-wall cylinder deformation equations of cable accessories were established. The production structure could be obtained by the relaxation process of the accessory, recovering from the expanded installation state after electrical field optimization. Finally, a reasonable method to design cable accessories production was proposed. The method is expected to guide the structure optimization design and material selection of high voltage AC and DC prefabricated/shrinkable cable accessories.
The design of high voltage cable accessory is a complex process involving electric, machinery, material, and thermodynamics. The electrical, mechanical and thermal composite field is precisely designed to minimize the failure rate caused by production process. Consequently, we discussed several key design problems such as the electrical properties, mechanical properties, relaxation characteristics, expansion deformation and electric field optimization in high voltage prefabricated or shrinkable cable accessories. We proposed that accessories expansion rate would decrease with rubber elasticity modulus and increase of interfacial pressure, and rubber stress relaxation rate would increase with environment temperature and rubber elongation increasing. The expansion of the cable accessory brings a nonlinear displacement from the inside to the outside, and the inside displacement is large and the outside is small. Based on the theory of the elastic-plasticity mechanics, the thick-wall cylinder deformation equations of cable accessories were established. The production structure could be obtained by the relaxation process of the accessory, recovering from the expanded installation state after electrical field optimization. Finally, a reasonable method to design cable accessories production was proposed. The method is expected to guide the structure optimization design and material selection of high voltage AC and DC prefabricated/shrinkable cable accessories.
引文
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[20]柳松,彭嘉康,王霞,等.电缆附件的永久形变率与过盈量的关系研究[J].电工材料,2013(2):49-54.LIU Song,PENG Jiakang,WANG Xia,et al.Relationship between permanent deformation and shrink range in cable accessory[J].Electrical Engineering Materials,2013(2):49-54.
[21]王霞,王陈诚,吴锴,等.一种新型高压电缆附件优化设计方法[J].西安交通大学学报,2013,47(12):102-109.WANG Xia,WANG Chencheng,WU Kai,et al.New optimal design scheme for high voltage cable accessory[J].Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University,2013,47(12):102-109.
[22]WANG X,WANG C C,WU K,et al.An improved optimal design scheme for high voltage cable accessory[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2014,21(1):5-15.
[23]徐秉业,刘信声.应用弹塑性理学[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1995.XU Bingye,LIU Xinsheng.Application of elastic plastic theory[M].Beijing,China:Tsinghua University Press,1995.
[2]宋淑伟,赵洪,李中原,等.高压直流电缆接头稳态与暂态电场分布特征[J].高电压技术,2017,43(11):3607-3616.SONG Shuwei,ZHAO Hong,LI Zhongyuan,et al.Stationary and transient electric field distribution characteristics inside HVDC cable joint[J].High Voltage Engineering,2017,43(11):3607-3616.
[3]钟海杰,王佩龙,王锦明,等.用于抑制界面空间电荷的直流电缆附件设计[J].高电压技术,2015,41(4):1140-1146.ZHONG Haijie,WANG Peilong,WANG Jinming,et al.Design of DC cable accessories for suppressing interface space charge[J].High Voltage Engineering,2015,41(4):1140-1146.
[4]韩宝忠,傅明利,李春阳,等.硅橡胶电导特性对XLPE绝缘高压直流电缆终端电场分布的影响[J].高电压技术,2014,40(9):2627-2634.HAN Baozhong,FU Mingli,LI Chunyang,et al.Effect of silicone rubber’s electric conductance characteristic on electric field distribution inside XLPE insulated HVDC cable termination[J].High Voltage Engineering,2014,40(9):2627-2634.
[5]陈庆国,秦艳军,尚南强,等.温度对高压直流电缆中间接头内电场分布的影响分析[J].高电压技术,2014,40(9):2619-2626.CHEN Qingguo,QIN Yanjun,SHANG Nanqiang,et al.Influence analysis of temperature on electric-field distribution in HVDC cable joint[J].High Voltage Engineering,2014,40(9):2619-2626.
[6]钟力生,任海洋,曹亮,等.挤包绝缘高压直流电缆的发展[J].高电压技术,2017,43(11):3473-3489.ZHONG Lisheng,REN Haiyang,CAO Liang,et al.Development of high voltage direct current extruded cables[J].High Voltage Engineering,2017,43(11):3473-3489.
[7]顾金,王俏华,李旭光,等.30 k V直流XLPE电缆电场及温度场的仿真计算[J].电线电缆,2009(6):9-12.GU Jin,WANG Qiaohua,LI Xuguang,et al.Simulation of electric field and temperature field in 30 k V DC XLPE cable[J].Electric Wire&Cable,2009(6):9-12.
[8]YAROSLAVSKIY V,WALKER M,KATZ C,et al.Comparative laboratory evaluation of preloaded joints for medium voltage cables[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2008,23(2):516-522.
[9]VIVO B D,SPAGNUOLO G,VITELLI M.Variability analysis of composite materials for stress relief in cable accessories[J].IEEE Transactions on Magnetic,2004,40(2):418-425.
[10]DAIGO Y,TAKEHISA H,SHIGEKI S,et al.Electric field optimization of the power cable joint by using evolutionary calculation method[J].Electrical Engineering in Japan,2005,150(4):44-53.
[11]ROSS R.Dealing with interface problems in polymer cable terminations[J].IEEE Electrical Insulation Magazine,1999,15(4):5-9.
[12]王霞,姚航,吴锴,等.交联聚乙烯与硅橡胶界面涂抹不同硅脂对其电荷特性的影响[J].高电压技术,2014,40(1):74-79.WANG Xia,YAO Hang,WU Kai,et al.Effect of different coating silicone grease on space charge characteristics at XLPE/SR interface[J].High Voltage Engineering,2014,40(1):74-79.
[13]王佩龙.高压电缆附件的电场及界面压力设计[J].电线电缆,2011(5):1-4.WANG Peilong.Electrical field and interface pressure control in HV cable accessories design[J].Electric Wire&Cable,2011(5):1-4.
[14]张东升,韩永胜,刘红欣,等.高压电缆接头界面压力测试研究[J].高电压技术,2007,33(1):173-176.ZHANG Dongsheng,HAN Yongsheng,LIU Hongxin,et al.Determination of the pressure distribution at the XLPE cable-rubber interface in a self-pressurized joint[J].High Voltage Engineering,2007,33(1):173-176.
[15]YOSHIDA S,TAN M,YAGI S,et al.Development of prefabricated type joint for 275 k V XLPE cable[C]∥IEEE International Symposium on Electrical Insulation.Toronto,Canada:IEEE,1990:291-295.
[16]柳松,彭嘉康,陈守直,等.高压电缆接头过盈量与面压关系的仿真研究[J].电线电缆,2013(1):38-40.LIU Song,PENG Jiakang,CHEN Shouzhi,et al.Simulation on the relationship between shrink range and interfacial pressure in the HV cable joint[J].Electric Wire&Cable,2013(1):38-40.
[17]巫松桢,谢大荣,陈寿田,等.电气绝缘材料科学与工程[M].西安:西安交通大学出版社,1996.WU Songzhen,XIE Darong,CHEN Shoutian,et al.Electric insulation material science and engineering[M].Xi’an,China:Xi’an Jiaotong University Press,1996.
[18]王宝珍,周相荣,胡时胜.高应变率下橡胶的时温等效关系及力学形态[J].高分子材料学与工程,2008,24(8):5-8.WANG Baozhen,ZHOU Xiangrong,HU Shisheng.Dynamic mechanical behavior and rate-temperature equivalence of rubber[J].Polymer Materials Science&Engineering,2008,24(8):5-8.
[19]金日光,刘薇.高分子材料应力-时间等效性的考察[J].北京化工学院学报,1994,21(1):35-40.JIN Riguang,LIU Wei.Study on the equivalency between stress and time of polymer materials[J].Journal of Beijing University of Chemical Technology,1994,21(1):35-40.
[20]柳松,彭嘉康,王霞,等.电缆附件的永久形变率与过盈量的关系研究[J].电工材料,2013(2):49-54.LIU Song,PENG Jiakang,WANG Xia,et al.Relationship between permanent deformation and shrink range in cable accessory[J].Electrical Engineering Materials,2013(2):49-54.
[21]王霞,王陈诚,吴锴,等.一种新型高压电缆附件优化设计方法[J].西安交通大学学报,2013,47(12):102-109.WANG Xia,WANG Chencheng,WU Kai,et al.New optimal design scheme for high voltage cable accessory[J].Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University,2013,47(12):102-109.
[22]WANG X,WANG C C,WU K,et al.An improved optimal design scheme for high voltage cable accessory[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2014,21(1):5-15.
[23]徐秉业,刘信声.应用弹塑性理学[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1995.XU Bingye,LIU Xinsheng.Application of elastic plastic theory[M].Beijing,China:Tsinghua University Press,1995.