纳米TiO_2/液体硅橡胶直流电缆附件绝缘复合材料的介电性能
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摘要
高压直流电缆附件在电力系统运行中,由于复合绝缘电导率不匹配极易导致电场畸变引发绝缘故障。针对这一问题,采用直接共混法制备了不同掺杂浓度的纳米TiO_2/液体硅橡胶(LSR)复合材料,并对其微观形貌和介电性能进行了测试研究。结果表明:纳米TiO_2粒子在LSR基体中分散较均匀,随着TiO_2掺杂含量的增加,纳米TiO_2/LSR复合材料试样的相对介电常数和介质损耗因数增大。当纳米TiO_2粒子添加量为4wt%时,纳米TiO_2/LSR复合材料的电导率与电缆主绝缘交联聚乙烯(XLPE)的电导率近似相等,且随着电场强度的增大,两者的电导率变化趋势也基本一致。电声脉冲法(PEA)测量结果表明,添加4wt%TiO_2的纳米TiO_2/LSR复合材料内积聚的空间电荷最少。纳米TiO_2粒子的掺杂,提高了TiO_2/LSR复合材料电缆附件绝缘电导率对电场强度的响应依赖特性,使其能与XLPE绝缘电导率较好地匹配,同时一定程度地抑制了空间电荷的积累,有助于直流电缆附件内复合绝缘电场的均匀分布。
In the operation of power system,the electric field in high voltage direct current cable accessories was easily distorted and even leades to insulation failure,which was caused by the conductivity of composite insulation materials mismatched.In order to solve this problem,the nano TiO_2/liquid silicone rubber(LSR)composites with different components for cable accessories insulation were prepared,and the microstructure and dielectric properties were tested.The results show that nano TiO_2 particles disperse uniformly in LSR matrix.With the increase of TiO_2 nanoparticles doping content,the relative permittivity and dielectric loss constant of nano TiO_2/LSR composites are increased,while the breakdown strength decreases.The conductivity of nano TiO_2/LSR composites is approximately equal to that of cable ontology insulation crosslinked polyethylene(XLPE),when the nano TiO_2 doping content is4 wt%.Moreover,the trend of the conductivity changes of the two materials is basically the same,as the electric field strength increases.The pulsed electroacoustic apparatus(PEA)test result shows that 4 wt% TiO_2/LSR composites accumulated space charge is the least.The doping of TiO_2 nanoparticles improves the electric field dependent coefficient of conductivity of cable access-ories insulation,and it can inhibit the accumulation of space charge to some extent.It makes the composite insulation achieve a good match,which can promote the electric field distribution uniform in the direct current cables accessories composite insulation.
In the operation of power system,the electric field in high voltage direct current cable accessories was easily distorted and even leades to insulation failure,which was caused by the conductivity of composite insulation materials mismatched.In order to solve this problem,the nano TiO_2/liquid silicone rubber(LSR)composites with different components for cable accessories insulation were prepared,and the microstructure and dielectric properties were tested.The results show that nano TiO_2 particles disperse uniformly in LSR matrix.With the increase of TiO_2 nanoparticles doping content,the relative permittivity and dielectric loss constant of nano TiO_2/LSR composites are increased,while the breakdown strength decreases.The conductivity of nano TiO_2/LSR composites is approximately equal to that of cable ontology insulation crosslinked polyethylene(XLPE),when the nano TiO_2 doping content is4 wt%.Moreover,the trend of the conductivity changes of the two materials is basically the same,as the electric field strength increases.The pulsed electroacoustic apparatus(PEA)test result shows that 4 wt% TiO_2/LSR composites accumulated space charge is the least.The doping of TiO_2 nanoparticles improves the electric field dependent coefficient of conductivity of cable access-ories insulation,and it can inhibit the accumulation of space charge to some extent.It makes the composite insulation achieve a good match,which can promote the electric field distribution uniform in the direct current cables accessories composite insulation.
引文
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[19]谢竟成,胡军,何金良,等.非线性复合材料对不均匀电场的改善效果仿真分析[J].高电压技术,2014,40(3):741-750.XIE J C,HU J,HE J L,et al.Simulation analyze of modification effect of nonlinear composites on non-uniform electrical fields[J].High Voltage Engineering,2014,40(3):741-750(in Chinese).
[20] MANEO Y,HIRAI N,OHKI Y,et al.Effects of crosslinking by products on space charge formation in crosslinked polyethylene[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2005,12(1):90-97.
[21]周宏,张玉霞,范勇,等.片状纳米氧化铝/环氧树脂复合材料的制备及性能[J].复合材料学报,2014,31(5):1142-1147.ZHOU H,ZHANG Y X,FAN Y,et al.Preparation and properties of Al2O3 nanosheets/epoxy composites[J].Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica,2014,31(5):1142-1147(in Chinese).
[22]王霞,朱有玉,王陈诚,等.空间电荷效应对直流电缆及附件绝缘界面电场分布的影响[J].高电压技术,2015,41(8):2681-2688.WANG X,ZHU Y Y,WANG C C,et al.Effect of space charge on electric field distribution at the insulating interface between DC cable and accessory[J].High Voltage Engineerin,2015,41(8):2681-2688(in Chinese).
[23] LEWIS T J.Interfaces are the dominant feature of dielectrics at the nanometric level[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2004,11(5):739-753.
[24] TANAKA T,KOZAKO M,FUSE N,et al.Proposal of a multi-core model for polymer nanocomposite dielectrics[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2005,12(4):669-681.
[2] HJERRILD J,BOGGS S,HOLBOLL J,et al.DC-field in solid dielectric cables under transient thermal conditions[C]//2001IEEE 7th International Conference on Solid Dielectrics.Eindhoven:IEEE,2001:58-61.
[3]程羽佳,郭宁,王若石,等.纳米ZnO和纳米MMT对低密度聚乙烯介电性能的影响[J].复合材料学报,2015,32(1):94-100.CHENG Y J,GUO N,WANG R S,et al.Effect of nano ZnO and montmorillonte on dielectric properties of low density polyethylene[J].Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica,2015,32(1):94-100(in Chinese).
[4]陈庆国,秦艳军,尚南强,等.温度对高压直流电缆中间接头内电场分布的影响分析[J].高电压技术,2014,40(9):2619-2626.CHEN Q G,QIN Y J,SHANG N Q,et al.Influence analysis of temperature on electric-field distribution in HVDC cable joint[J].High Voltage Engineering,2014,40(9):2619-2626(in Chinese).
[5] HANLEY T L,BURFORD R P,FLEMING R J.A general review of polymeric insulation for use in HVDC cables[J].IEEE Electrical Insulation Magazine,2003,19(1):13-24.
[6] ROGTI F,MEKHALDI A,LAURENT C.Space charge behavior at physical interfaces in cross-linked polyethylene under DC field[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2008,15(5):1478-1485.
[7] DELPHINO S,FABIANI D,MONTANARI G C,et al.Polymeric HVDC cable design and space charge accumulation part 2:Insulation interfaces[J].IEEE Electrical Insulation Magazine,2008,24(1):14-24.
[8]巫运辉,查俊伟,王思蛟,等.多层介孔氧化镁/低密度聚乙烯复合材料的制备及其绝缘性能[J].复合材料学报,2016,33(3):503-509.WU Y H,ZHA J W,WANG S J,et al.Insulating electrical properties of Low density polyethylene affected by multilayer mesoporous MgO[J],Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica,2016,33(3):503-509(in Chinese).
[9] RAMU T S,REDDY C C.Polymer nanocomposites as insulation for HVDC cable investigation on the thermal breakdown[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2003,10(2):233-239.
[10]吴建东,尹毅,兰莉,等.纳米填充浓度对LDPE/Silica纳米复合介质中空间电荷行为的影响[J].中国电机工程学报,2012,32(28):177-183.WU J D,YIN Y,LAN L,et al.The influence of nano-filler concentration on space charge behavior in LDPE/silica nanocomposites[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2012,32(28):177-183(in Chinese).
[11]王思蛟,查俊伟,王俊甫,等.纳米Al2O3对低密度聚乙烯高压直流电缆绝缘材料性能影响研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(24):6613-6618.WANG S J,ZHA J W,WANG J F,et al.Effect of nanoAl2O3 on insulating properties of low-density polyethylene nanocomposites for HVDC cables[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(24):6613-6618(in Chinese).
[12]杨佳明,王暄,韩宝忠,等.LDPE纳米复合介质的直流电导特性及其对高压直流电缆中电场分布的影响[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(9):1454-1461.YANG J M,WANG X,HAN B Z,et al.DC conductivity characteristic of LDPE nanocomposites and its effect on electric field distribution in HVDC cables[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(9):1454-1461(in Chinese).
[13] LU Z,WANG X,WU K,et al.Dependence of charge accumulation on sample thickness in nano-SiO2doped LDPE[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2013,20(1):337-345.
[14]李忠华,刘乐乐,郑欢,等.HVDC电缆电场分布影响因素的仿真研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(9):2563-2571.LI Z H,LIU L L,ZHENG H,et al.Simulation on the influence factors of electric field distribution in HVDC cable[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(9):2563-2571(in Chinese).
[15] VU T T N,TEYSSEDRE G,VISSOUVANADIN B,et al.Electric field profile measurement and modeling in multidielectrics for HVDC application[C]//2013IEEE International Conference on Solid Dielectrics.Bologna:IEEE,2013:413-416.
[16] MURAKAMI Y,NEMOTO M,OKUZUMI S,et al.DC conduction and electrical breakdown of MgO/LDPE nanocomposite[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2008,15(1):33-39.
[17] REDDY C C,RAMU T S.On the computation of electric field and temperature distribution in HVDC cable insulation[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Insulation,2006,13(6):1236-1244.
[18]党志敏,王海燕,王岚.新型高温高介无机/有机功能复合材料[J].复合材料学报,2005,22(5):9-15.DANG Z M,WANG H Y,WANG L.New inorganic/organic functional composites with high temperature and high dielectric constant[J].Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica,2005,22(5):9-15(in Chinese).
[19]谢竟成,胡军,何金良,等.非线性复合材料对不均匀电场的改善效果仿真分析[J].高电压技术,2014,40(3):741-750.XIE J C,HU J,HE J L,et al.Simulation analyze of modification effect of nonlinear composites on non-uniform electrical fields[J].High Voltage Engineering,2014,40(3):741-750(in Chinese).
[20] MANEO Y,HIRAI N,OHKI Y,et al.Effects of crosslinking by products on space charge formation in crosslinked polyethylene[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2005,12(1):90-97.
[21]周宏,张玉霞,范勇,等.片状纳米氧化铝/环氧树脂复合材料的制备及性能[J].复合材料学报,2014,31(5):1142-1147.ZHOU H,ZHANG Y X,FAN Y,et al.Preparation and properties of Al2O3 nanosheets/epoxy composites[J].Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica,2014,31(5):1142-1147(in Chinese).
[22]王霞,朱有玉,王陈诚,等.空间电荷效应对直流电缆及附件绝缘界面电场分布的影响[J].高电压技术,2015,41(8):2681-2688.WANG X,ZHU Y Y,WANG C C,et al.Effect of space charge on electric field distribution at the insulating interface between DC cable and accessory[J].High Voltage Engineerin,2015,41(8):2681-2688(in Chinese).
[23] LEWIS T J.Interfaces are the dominant feature of dielectrics at the nanometric level[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2004,11(5):739-753.
[24] TANAKA T,KOZAKO M,FUSE N,et al.Proposal of a multi-core model for polymer nanocomposite dielectrics[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2005,12(4):669-681.