青藏高原不同海拔高度下全缘叶绿绒蒿叶表皮特征研究
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摘要
采用胶带粘取叶表皮法,利用光学显微镜观测不同海拔高度下全缘叶绿绒蒿叶片的表皮毛、气孔及表皮细胞结构特征,探讨全缘叶绿绒蒿叶表皮特征与海拔高度的关系。结果表明,随着海拔高度增加,全缘叶绿绒蒿叶片上、下表皮毛密度、气孔密度和表皮细胞密度逐渐增加;气孔器及表皮细胞的长度、宽度和面积逐渐减小;表皮细胞的形态随着海拔升高由无规则形向多边形变化,垂周壁由波状向弓形或平直变化。全缘叶绿绒蒿叶表皮结构在不同海拔高度下表现出的差异,可能是植物长期在高原生态环境下的综合反应,以结构上的变化来适应对高海拔地区的环境特点,为进一步研究高海拔地区植物的适应性提供一定依据。
Characteristics of leaf epidermis of Meconopsis integrifolia were observed under optical microscope,including trichome, stomata and epidermis cell. The relationship between epidermis trichome, stomata,epidermis cell of leaf and altitude was discussed. The trichome density,stomata density and epidermis cell density of both upper and lower leaf epidermis increased gradually as the altitude increased. While the length,width and area of both stomata and epidermis cell decreased. Morphology of epidermis cell changed from irregular to polygonal. The shape of anticlinal wall altered from corrugated to arched or straight. These variation of characteristics probably be a general response of plants which living under plateau environment in a longterm,providing theoretical support for further study on alpine plant adaptation.
Characteristics of leaf epidermis of Meconopsis integrifolia were observed under optical microscope,including trichome, stomata and epidermis cell. The relationship between epidermis trichome, stomata,epidermis cell of leaf and altitude was discussed. The trichome density,stomata density and epidermis cell density of both upper and lower leaf epidermis increased gradually as the altitude increased. While the length,width and area of both stomata and epidermis cell decreased. Morphology of epidermis cell changed from irregular to polygonal. The shape of anticlinal wall altered from corrugated to arched or straight. These variation of characteristics probably be a general response of plants which living under plateau environment in a longterm,providing theoretical support for further study on alpine plant adaptation.
引文
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2.王彬,宋学华,陈重明.藏药绿绒蒿的民族植物学研究进展[J].中国医学生物技术应用杂志,2003,(1):39-45.Wang B,Song X H,Chen C M.Advance in ethnobotanical investigation on Meconopsis[J].The Chinese Academic Medical Magazine of Organisms,2003,(1):39-45.
3.官艳丽,达娃卓玛,格桑索朗,等.全缘叶绿绒蒿花精油的GC-MS分析[J].中国药学杂志,2007,42(7):539-540.Guan Y L,Dawa Z M,Gesang S L,et al.Study on essential oil from flowers of Meconopsis integrifolia[J].Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal,2007,42(7):539-540.
4.高黎明,王小雄,郑尚珍,等.藏药全缘叶绿绒蒿化学成分的研究(Ⅰ)[J].西北师范大学学报:自然科学版,1997,33(3):49-52.Gao L M,Wang X X,Zheng S Z,et al.Chemical constituents of Meconopsis integrifolid as a tibetan medicinal herb(Ⅰ)[J].Journal of Northwest Normal University:Natural Science,1997,33(3):49-52.
5.向海燕,黄艳菲,金乾,等.UPLC测定全缘叶绿绒蒿花中3种黄酮类成分[J].中国实验方剂学杂志,2018,24(1):51-55.Xiang H Y,Huang Y F,Jian Q,et al.Determination of three flavonoids in flower of Meconopsis integrifolia by UP-LC[J].Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae,2018,24(1):51-55.
6.吴云,刘玉蓉,彭瀚,等.高山植物全缘叶绿绒蒿在不同海拔地区的传粉生态学研究[J].植物生态学报,2015,39(1):1-13.Wu Y,Liu Y R,Peng H,et al.Pollination ecology of alpine herb Meconopsis integrifolia at different altitudes[J].Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology,2015,39(1):1-13.
7.张霓雯,吴云,刘光立.不同海拔全缘叶绿绒蒿繁殖分配的差异[J].北方园艺,2016,40(18):52-56.Zhang N W,Wu Y,Liu G L.Variations of reproductive allocation of Meconopsis integrifolia at different altitudes[J].Northern Horticulture,2016,40(18):52-56.
8.张霓雯,王昊,吴云,等.全缘叶绿绒蒿种子散播功能性状及其与种群空间分布格局的相关性[J].北方园艺,2016,40(20):62-67.Zhang N W,Wang H,Wu Y,et al.Altitudinal variation in seed dispersal functional traits of Meconopsis integrifolia and its correlation relationships with population spatial distribution pattern[J].Northern Horticulture,2016,40(20):62-67.
9.刘梦颖,刘光立,康永祥,等.高山植物全缘叶绿绒蒿叶片形态及解剖结构对海拔的响应[J].生态学杂志,2018,37(1):35-42.Liu M Y,Liu G L,Kang Y X,et al.Responses of leaf morphological and anatomical structure to elevation in an alpine plant Meconopsis integrifolia[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2018,37(1):35-42.
10.Henry H A L,Aarssen L W.On the relationship between shade tolerance and shade avoidance strategies in woodland plants[J].Oikos,1997,80(3):575-582.
11.Tang N,Mo G C,Van Tuyl J M,et al.Genetic diversity and structure of Lilium pumilum DC.in southeast of QinghaiTibet plateau[J].Plant Systematics and Evolution,2014,300(6):1453-1464.
12.高建平,王彦涵,陈道峰.不同产地华中五味子叶表皮结构和导管分子的解剖学特征及其与环境因子的关系[J].西北植物学报,2003,23(5):715-723.Gao J P,Wang Y H,Chen D F.Anatomical characteristics of leaf epidermis and vessel elements of Schisandra sphenanthera from different districts and their relationships to environmental factors[J].Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica,2003,23(5):715-723.
13.Bosabalidis A M,Kofidis G.Comparative effects of drought stress on leaf anatomy of two olive cultivars[J].Plant Science,2002,163(2):375-379.
14.Mendes M M,Gazarini L C,Rodrigues M L.Acclimation of Myrtus communis to contrasting Mediterranean light environments-effects on structure and chemical composition of foliage and plant water relations[J].Environmental and Experimental Botany,2001,45(2):165-178.
15.王涛,刘世勇,王龙,等.18种(1变型)鼠尾草属植物叶表皮及表皮毛微形态特征研究[J].广西植物,2015,35(2):178-186,199.Wang T,Liu S Y,Wang L,et al.Leaf epidermal and epidermal hair micromorphology of 18 species(1 forma)Salvia species[J].Guihaia,2015,35(2):178-186,199.
16.张吉科,张小民,张国伟.中国沙棘表皮毛的形态分布和类群研究[J].林业科学,1995,31(5):408-413.Zhang J K,Zhang X M,Zhang G W.A study on morphoiogy distribution and classification of downiness of Hippophae rhamnoides L.subsp.sinensis Rousi[J].Scientia Silvae Sinicae,1995,31(5):408-413.
17.宋海慧.番茄表皮毛特征及其在抗胁迫中的功能研究[D].哈尔滨:东北农业大学,2017.Song H H.A study on the characteristics of tomato trichome and its function in stress resistance[D].Harbin:Northeast Agricultural University,2017.
18.拓广辉,唐楠,唐道城.青海东南部主要绿绒蒿资源分布区的土壤及伴生植物[J].青海大学学报,2017,35(4):50-55.Tuo G H,Tang N,Tang D C.Soil types and accompanying plants at the distribution area of Meconopsis in the southeast Qinghai[J].Journal of Qinghai University,2017,35(4):50-55.
19.Hendrick M F,Finseth F R,Mathiasson M E,et al.The genetics of extreme microgeographic adaptation:an integrated approach identifies a major gene underlying leaf trichome divergence in Yellowstone Mimulus guttatus[J].Molecular Ecology,2016,25(22):5647-5662.
20.Mazie A R,Baum D A.Clade-specific positive selection on a developmental gene:BRANCHLESS TRICHOME and the evolution of stellate trichomes in Physaria(Brassicaceae)[J].Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution,2016,100:31-40.
21.Ning P B,Wang J H,Zhou Y L,et al.Adaptional evolution of trichome in Caragana korshinskii to natural drought stress on the Loess Plateau,China[J].Ecology and Evolution,2016,6(11):3786-3795.
22.施海燕,王一峰,王剑虹.青藏高原不同海拔地7种风毛菊属植物叶片解剖结构的研究[J].植物研究,2009,29(3):289-294.Shi H Y,Wang Y F,Wang J H.Studies on the anatomical structures of leaves of seven Saussurea DC.species on the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau with different altitude[J].Bulletin of Botanical Research,2009,29(3):289-294.
23.孙会婷,江莎,刘婧敏,等.青藏高原不同海拔3种菊科植物叶片结构变化及其生态适应性[J].生态学报,2016,36(6):1559-1570.Sun H T,Jiang S,Liu J M,et al.Structure and ecological adaptability of the leaves of three asteraceae species at different altitudes on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2016,36(6):1559-1570.
24.陈佰鸿,李新生,曹孜义,等.一种用透明胶带粘取叶片表皮观察气孔的方法[J].植物生理学通讯,2004,40(2):215-218.Chen B H,Li X S,Cao Z Y,et al.A method for observing stoma by transparent gummed tape to tear epidermis from leaf[J].Plant Physiology Communications,2004,40(2):215-218.
25.Dilcher D L.Approaches to the identification of angiosperm leaf remains[J].The Botanical Review,1974,40(1):1-157.
26.戴怡龄,安黎哲,陈拓,等.寒区不同海拔橘黄罂粟叶片结构特征的比较研究[J].西北植物学报,2004,24(3):495-503.Dai Y L,An L Z,Chen T,et al.Comparative study on characteristics of leaf structure of Papaver croceum Ldb.(Papaveraceae)in two altitudes habitat at cold regions[J].Acta Botanica Boreali-occidentalia Sinica,2004,24(3):495-503.
27.李芳兰,包维楷.植物叶片形态解剖结构对环境变化的响应与适应[J].植物学通报,2005,22(S1):118-127.Li F L,Bao W K.Responses of the morphological and anatomical structure of the plant leaf to environmental change[J].Chinese Bulletin of Botany,2005,22(S1):118-127.
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