微碱化栽培料对金针菇产量和质量的提升效应
|
摘要
为探讨栽培料提高碱性对金针菇菌丝生长、产量与质量的影响,在栽培料中添加壳灰,研究其对栽培料pH和金针菇菌丝生长、产量、子实体性状、营养成分、重金属含量的影响。结果表明:添加0.5%～4.0%壳灰的栽培料可提高栽培料pH以及产量。添加量为1.0%～1.5%壳灰的最佳,灭菌后pH为6.2～6.4,高于对照(pH 5.1);生物学效率为107.6%～113.7%,高于对照(96%),提高了12.4%～18.4%;此外,子实体的粗蛋白和粗纤维含量提高,且子实体性状、商品率、重金属积累未发生改变。以壳灰为碱化剂,栽培料微碱化栽培金针菇可有效提高产量和营养,具有推广应用前景。
To investigate the effect of substrate weakly alkalified on fruiting body yield and quality of Fammulian filiformis, substrate pH, mycelial growth, mushroom yield, fruiting body characteristics, nutritional composition, and heavy metal accumulation was determined after solid substrates added with different amounts of shell ash as an additional alkali reagen. The results showed that the addition of shell ash in the test range(0.5%–4.0%) could significantly improve the alkalization of the substrates before and after sterilization, and also mushroom yield. The optimal addition range was 1.0%–1.5%, which increased the substrate pH value up to 6.2–6.4 after sterilization, higher than that of the control(5.1), and improved the biological efficiency by 12.4%–18.4%. Moreover, the shell ash addition improved the contents of crude protein and crude fibre of the fruit bodies, but did not cause a decease in the fruit body commercial ratio and an increase in heavy metal accumulation. The cultivation of F. filiformis is feasible using substrate weakly alkalified with shell ash as an additional alkali reagent.
To investigate the effect of substrate weakly alkalified on fruiting body yield and quality of Fammulian filiformis, substrate pH, mycelial growth, mushroom yield, fruiting body characteristics, nutritional composition, and heavy metal accumulation was determined after solid substrates added with different amounts of shell ash as an additional alkali reagen. The results showed that the addition of shell ash in the test range(0.5%–4.0%) could significantly improve the alkalization of the substrates before and after sterilization, and also mushroom yield. The optimal addition range was 1.0%–1.5%, which increased the substrate pH value up to 6.2–6.4 after sterilization, higher than that of the control(5.1), and improved the biological efficiency by 12.4%–18.4%. Moreover, the shell ash addition improved the contents of crude protein and crude fibre of the fruit bodies, but did not cause a decease in the fruit body commercial ratio and an increase in heavy metal accumulation. The cultivation of F. filiformis is feasible using substrate weakly alkalified with shell ash as an additional alkali reagent.
引文
[1]Wang P M,Liu X B,Dai Y C,et al.Phylogeny and species delimitation of Flammulina:taxonomic status of winter mushroom in East Asia and a new European species identified using an integrated approach[J].Mycological Progress,2018,17(9):1013-1030.
[2]刘丽娜,张平.金针菇一个新变型的形态学鉴定及ITS序列分析[J].菌物研究,2016,14(1):38-42,51.
[3]黄来年,林志彬,陈国良,等.中国食药用菌学[M].上海:上海科学技术文献出版社,2010:937-978.
[4]Cai H H,Liu X L,Chen Z Y,et al.Isolation,purification and identification of nine chemical compounds from Flammulina velutipes fruiting bodies[J].Food Chemistry,2013,141(3):2873-2879.
[5]Leung M Y K,Fung K P,Choy Y M.The isolation and characterization of an immunomodulatory and anti-tumor polysaccharide preparation from Flammulina velutipes[J].Immunopharmacology,1997,35:255-263.
[6]Rose D J,Sanchez-Vazquez J E.Influence of precipitated calcium carbonate(Ca CO3)on shiitake(Lentinula edodes)yield and mushroom size[J].Bioresource Technology,2003,90:225-228.
[7]Roth-Bejerano N,Mendlinger S,Kagan-Zur V.Effect of calcium on growth of submgerged Terfezia boudieri mycelium[J].Mycoscience,2004,45:30-34.
[8]Xu Y N,Zhong J J.Impacts of calcium signal transduction on the fermentation production of antitumor ganoderic acids by medicinal mushroom Ganoderma lucidum[J].Biotechnology Advance,2012,30(6):1301-1308.
[9]Choi U K,Bajpai V K,Lee N H.Influence of calcinated starfish powder on growth,yield,spawn run and primordial germination of king oyster mushroom(Pleurotus eryngii)[J].Food and Chemical Toxicology,2009,47:2830-2833.
[10]杨子明,李普旺,李思东,等.天然橡胶/纳米贝壳粉复合材料微观结构及其力学性能研究[J].广东化工,2015,42(22):64-66.
[11]任惠,张志胜,刘媛,等.高温煅烧贝壳粉抑菌效果研究[J].食品工业,2012(12):102-106.
[12]陈立新,王业松,周原.贝壳粉处理重金属离子废水的研究[J].湖南工程学院学报(自然科学版),2014(4):43-46.
[13]张文艳,王淑华.金针菇工厂化栽培技术规程[J].特种经济动植物,2011(2):42-44.
[14]Li X,Pang Y,Zhang R.Compositional changes of cottonseed hull substrate during P.ostreatus growth and the effects on the feeding value of the spent substrate[J].Bioresource Technology,2001,80:157-161.
[15]Peksen A,Yakupoglu G,Yakupoglu T,et al.Changes in chemical compositions of substrates before and after Ganoderma lucidum cultivation[J].World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology,2011,27:637-642.
[16]Wood D A,Goodenough P.Fruiting of Agaricus bisporus changes in extracellular enzyme activities during growth and fruiting[J].Archives of Microbiology,1977,144:161-165.
[17]倪新江,潘迎捷,冯志勇,等.香菇生长过程中几种胞外酶活性变化规律[J].食用菌学报,1995,2(4):22-27.
[18]Chao E E,Gruen H E.Intracellular activity of mycelial proteinases during fruit-body development in Flammulina velutipes[J].Canadian Journal of Botany,1987,65:518-525.
[19]黄毅.食用菌栽培[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2008:109.
[20]申进文,薛元,黄千慧,等.石灰添加量对平菇生长发育的影响[J].北方园艺,2015(6):130-132.
[21]范丽军,金群力,冯伟林,等.不同钙源和添加量对金针菇生长和产量的影响[J].食药用菌,2018,26(2):91-93.
[22]Wang Y C,Mc Neil.p H effects on exopolysaccharide and oxalic acid production in cultures of Sclerotium glucanicum[J].Enzyme and Microbial Technology,1995,17(2):124-130.
[23]Ali M A,Mehmood M I,Asif Hanif R N M,et al.Influence of substrate pasteurization methods on the yield of oyster mushroom(Pleurotus species)[J].Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Sciences,2007,44(2):300-303.
[24]Purkayastha R P,Mitra A K,Bhattacharyya B.Uptak and toxicological effects of some heavy metals on Pleurotus sajor-caju(Fr.)Singer[J].Ecotox iology and Environmental Safety,1994,27:7-13.
[25]卜庆梅,王丽娟,刘林德,等.3种食用菌菌丝体富钙的研究[J].食品科学,2009,30(21):172-174.
[2]刘丽娜,张平.金针菇一个新变型的形态学鉴定及ITS序列分析[J].菌物研究,2016,14(1):38-42,51.
[3]黄来年,林志彬,陈国良,等.中国食药用菌学[M].上海:上海科学技术文献出版社,2010:937-978.
[4]Cai H H,Liu X L,Chen Z Y,et al.Isolation,purification and identification of nine chemical compounds from Flammulina velutipes fruiting bodies[J].Food Chemistry,2013,141(3):2873-2879.
[5]Leung M Y K,Fung K P,Choy Y M.The isolation and characterization of an immunomodulatory and anti-tumor polysaccharide preparation from Flammulina velutipes[J].Immunopharmacology,1997,35:255-263.
[6]Rose D J,Sanchez-Vazquez J E.Influence of precipitated calcium carbonate(Ca CO3)on shiitake(Lentinula edodes)yield and mushroom size[J].Bioresource Technology,2003,90:225-228.
[7]Roth-Bejerano N,Mendlinger S,Kagan-Zur V.Effect of calcium on growth of submgerged Terfezia boudieri mycelium[J].Mycoscience,2004,45:30-34.
[8]Xu Y N,Zhong J J.Impacts of calcium signal transduction on the fermentation production of antitumor ganoderic acids by medicinal mushroom Ganoderma lucidum[J].Biotechnology Advance,2012,30(6):1301-1308.
[9]Choi U K,Bajpai V K,Lee N H.Influence of calcinated starfish powder on growth,yield,spawn run and primordial germination of king oyster mushroom(Pleurotus eryngii)[J].Food and Chemical Toxicology,2009,47:2830-2833.
[10]杨子明,李普旺,李思东,等.天然橡胶/纳米贝壳粉复合材料微观结构及其力学性能研究[J].广东化工,2015,42(22):64-66.
[11]任惠,张志胜,刘媛,等.高温煅烧贝壳粉抑菌效果研究[J].食品工业,2012(12):102-106.
[12]陈立新,王业松,周原.贝壳粉处理重金属离子废水的研究[J].湖南工程学院学报(自然科学版),2014(4):43-46.
[13]张文艳,王淑华.金针菇工厂化栽培技术规程[J].特种经济动植物,2011(2):42-44.
[14]Li X,Pang Y,Zhang R.Compositional changes of cottonseed hull substrate during P.ostreatus growth and the effects on the feeding value of the spent substrate[J].Bioresource Technology,2001,80:157-161.
[15]Peksen A,Yakupoglu G,Yakupoglu T,et al.Changes in chemical compositions of substrates before and after Ganoderma lucidum cultivation[J].World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology,2011,27:637-642.
[16]Wood D A,Goodenough P.Fruiting of Agaricus bisporus changes in extracellular enzyme activities during growth and fruiting[J].Archives of Microbiology,1977,144:161-165.
[17]倪新江,潘迎捷,冯志勇,等.香菇生长过程中几种胞外酶活性变化规律[J].食用菌学报,1995,2(4):22-27.
[18]Chao E E,Gruen H E.Intracellular activity of mycelial proteinases during fruit-body development in Flammulina velutipes[J].Canadian Journal of Botany,1987,65:518-525.
[19]黄毅.食用菌栽培[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2008:109.
[20]申进文,薛元,黄千慧,等.石灰添加量对平菇生长发育的影响[J].北方园艺,2015(6):130-132.
[21]范丽军,金群力,冯伟林,等.不同钙源和添加量对金针菇生长和产量的影响[J].食药用菌,2018,26(2):91-93.
[22]Wang Y C,Mc Neil.p H effects on exopolysaccharide and oxalic acid production in cultures of Sclerotium glucanicum[J].Enzyme and Microbial Technology,1995,17(2):124-130.
[23]Ali M A,Mehmood M I,Asif Hanif R N M,et al.Influence of substrate pasteurization methods on the yield of oyster mushroom(Pleurotus species)[J].Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Sciences,2007,44(2):300-303.
[24]Purkayastha R P,Mitra A K,Bhattacharyya B.Uptak and toxicological effects of some heavy metals on Pleurotus sajor-caju(Fr.)Singer[J].Ecotox iology and Environmental Safety,1994,27:7-13.
[25]卜庆梅,王丽娟,刘林德,等.3种食用菌菌丝体富钙的研究[J].食品科学,2009,30(21):172-174.