基于多波束测深仪的西太平洋声散射层测量
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摘要
为了研究西太平洋声散射层的垂向分布特征和日变化规律,分析了多波束测深系统的水体影像数据。观测结果表明,西太平洋存在着两个声散射层,一个声散射层位于0～200 m,另一个声散射层位于500～700 m,两个声散射层散射强度具有明显的日变化特征,上层散射层的散射强度呈现白天弱,夜晚强的特征,而下层散射层的散射强度日变化规律与上层相反,并且发现深散射层的厚度也存在日变化特征;分析了此种方法的优缺点,对以后声散射层的观测分析提供了新的思路。此外,利用同时下放的声速仪(SVP)的温度和深度数据对下放式声学多普勒流速剖面仪(LADCP)的观测结果进行了修正,得到了更为精确的声散射层垂向位置分布。
The vertical distribution and diurnal variation of the sound-scattering layers in the West Pacific Ocean were analyzed using data obtained by multibeam water column imagery. Results of the analysis showed the existence of two sound-scattering layers at depths 0-200 m and 500-700 m. Significant diurnal variation was observed in the shallower sound-scattering layer, with weak scattering strength in daytime and stronger in nighttime. This diurnal variation was reversed in the deeper sound-scattering layer, with greater strength in daytime, weaker in nighttime. There is also a diurnal variation in thickness of the deeper sound-scattering layer. The advantages and disadvantages of this method are discussed. A new approach to the observation and analysis of sound-scattering layers is provided. In addition, measurements of lowered acoustic doppler current profilers(LADCP) were corrected by temperature and depth data of a sound velocity profiler(SVP) to observe more accurate vertical profiles of sound-scattering layers.
The vertical distribution and diurnal variation of the sound-scattering layers in the West Pacific Ocean were analyzed using data obtained by multibeam water column imagery. Results of the analysis showed the existence of two sound-scattering layers at depths 0-200 m and 500-700 m. Significant diurnal variation was observed in the shallower sound-scattering layer, with weak scattering strength in daytime and stronger in nighttime. This diurnal variation was reversed in the deeper sound-scattering layer, with greater strength in daytime, weaker in nighttime. There is also a diurnal variation in thickness of the deeper sound-scattering layer. The advantages and disadvantages of this method are discussed. A new approach to the observation and analysis of sound-scattering layers is provided. In addition, measurements of lowered acoustic doppler current profilers(LADCP) were corrected by temperature and depth data of a sound velocity profiler(SVP) to observe more accurate vertical profiles of sound-scattering layers.
引文
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[2]Melvin G D,Cochrane N A.Multibeam acoustic detection of fish and water column targets at high-flow sites[J].Estuaries and Coasts,2015,38(1):227-240.
[3]Jones A T,Greinert J,Bowden D A,et al.Acoustic and visual characterisation of methane-rich seabed seeps at Omakere Ridge on the Hikurangi Margin,New Zealand[J].Marine Geology,2010,272(1-4):154-169.
[4]刘胜旋,崔秀云.海洋内波对多波束测深的影响[J].海洋测绘,2012,32(6):27-29.Liu Shengxuan,Cui Xiuyun.The effect of ocean internal waves on multibeam echosounding[J].Hydrographic Surveying and Charting,2012,32(6):27-29.
[5]阳凡林,韩李涛,王瑞富,等.多波束声纳水柱影像探测中底层水域目标的研究进展[J].山东科技大学学报(自然科学版),2013,32(6):75-83.Yang Fanlin,Han Litao,Wang Ruifu,et al.Progress in object detection in middle and bottom-water based on multibeam water column image[J].Journal of Shandong University of Science and Technology(Natural Science),2013,32(6):75-83.
[6]Brown C J,Blondel P.Developments in the application of multibeam sonar backscatter for seafloor habitat mapping[J].Applied Acoustics,2009,70(10):1242-1247.
[7]Preston J.Automated acoustic seabed classification of multibeam images of Stanton Banks[J].Applied Acoustics,2009,70(10):1277-1287.
[8]刘胜旋,关永贤,宋永志.多波束水体影像的归位算法研究与实现[J].海洋测绘,2016,36(1):43-47.Liu Shengxuan,Guan Yongxian,Song Yongzhi.Transformation algorithm research and realization of multibeam water column images[J].Hydrographic Surveying and Charting,2016,36(1):43-47.
[9]李海森,李珊,周天.基于空间平滑的多波束测深声呐相干分布源方位估计[J].振动与冲击,2014,33(4):138-142.Li Haisen,Li Shan,Zhou Tian.DOA estimation based on spatial smoothing for multi-beam bathymetric sonar coherent distributed sources[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2014,33(4):138-142.
[10]Amanda M K.38-kHz ADCP investigation of deep scattering layers in sperm whale habitat in the northern Gulf of Mexico[J].Rinsho Byori the Japanese Journal of Clinical Pathology,1995,43(8):829-835.
[11]Hwang D,Kang D,Seo H,et al.Biomass estimation of zooplankton communities and characteristics on deep scattering layer(DSL)in East China Sea[C]//IEEE.Oceans(Vol.3).Kobe,Japan:IEEE,2004:1292-1297.
[12]Marino A,Geneva A.Deep scattering layer investigation through multi-beam bathymetry[C]//IEEE.Oceans(Vol.3).Brest,France:IEEE.1994:III/184-III/188.
[13]Plueddemann A J,Pinkel R.Characterization of the patterns of diel migration using a Doppler sonar[J].Deep Sea Research Part A Oceanographic Research Papers,1989,36(4):509-530.
[14]Fischer J,Visbeck M.Seasonal variation of the daily zooplankton migration in the Greenland Sea[J].Deep Sea Research Part I Oceanographic Research Papers,1993,40(8):1547-1557.
[15]Kaneko A,Zhu Xiaohua,Radenac M H.Diurnal variability and its quantification of subsurface sound scatters in the western equatorial Pacific[J].Journal of Oceanography,1996,52(5):655-674.
[16]Ashjian C J,Smith S L,Flagg C N,et al.Patterns and occurrence of diel vertical migration of zooplankton biomass in the Mid-Atlantic Bight described by an acoustic Doppler current profiler[J].Continental Shelf Research,1998,18(8):831-858.
[17]Lenn Y D,Chereskin T K,Glatts R C.Seasonal to tidal variability in currents,stratification and acoustic backscatter in an Antarctic ecosystem at Deception Island[J].Deep Sea Research Part II Topical Studies in Oceanography,2003,50(10-11):1665-1683.
[18]Zhu Xiaohua,Takasugi Y,Nagao M,et al.Diurnal cycle of sound scatterers and measurements of Turbidity Using ADCP in Beppu Bay[J].Journal of Oceanography,2000,56(5):559-565.
[19]LüLiangang,Liu Jianjun,Yu Fei,et al.Vertical migration of sound scatterers in the Southern Yellow Sea in Summer[J].Ocean Science Journal,2007,42(1):1-8.
[20]陈次颖,章淑珍.应用水声方法考察底栖鱼类和DSL(深海散射层)的垂直移动[J].海洋科学,1994,18(3):53-56.Chen Ciying,Zhang Shuzhen.A practical investigation on demersal fish and DSL rhythmic vertical migration by acoustic method[J].Marine Sciences,1994,18(3):53-56.
[21]Gordon R L.Acoustic doppler current profiler:principles of operation-a practical primer[J].Rd Instruments,1996,5(6):1-5.
[22]Deines K L.Backscatter estimation using Broadband acoustic Doppler current profilers[C]//IEEE.Proceedings of the IEEE Sixth Working Conference on Current Measurement.San Diego,CA,USA:IEEE,1999:249-253.
[23]丁继胜,周兴华,刘忠臣,等.多波束测深声呐系统的工作原理[J].海洋测绘,1999,24(3):15-22.Ding Jisheng,Zhou Xinghua,Liu Zhongchen,et al.Principle of the multibeam bathmatric sonar system[J].Hydrographic Surveying and Charting,1999,24(3):15-22.
[24]刘世刚,汤勇,陈国宝,等.南海深海声学散射层垂直分布和昼夜变化初步研究[J].海洋科学进展,2015,33(2):173-181.Liu Shigang,Tang Yong,Chen Guobao,et al.Vertical distribution and diurnal movement of the deep scattering layer in the South China Sea[J].Advances in Marine Science,2015,33(2):173:181.
[25]林茂,王春光,王彦国,等.西太平洋浮游动物种类多样性[J].生物多样性,2011,19(6):646-654.Lin Mao,Wang Chunguang,Wang Yanguo,et al.Zooplanktonic diversity in the western Pacific[J].Biodiversity Science,2011,19(6):646-654.
[26]马彩华,游奎,李凤岐,等.南海鱼类生物多样性与区系分布[J].中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版),2006,36(4):665-670.Ma Caihua,You Kui,Li Fengqi,et al.A study on the relationship of the fish biodiversity and the faunal distribution in the South China Sea[J].Periodical of Ocean University of China,2006,36(4):665-670.
[27]张武昌.浮游动物的昼夜垂直迁[J].海洋科学,2000,24(11):18-21.Zhang Wuchang.A review on the diel vertical migration of zooplankton[J].Marine Sciences,2000,24(11):18-21.