山核桃破壳机敲击臂凸轮机构的设计与试验
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摘要
根据敲击式山核桃破壳机的工作原理和作业要求,采用解析法对其核心部件——敲击臂凸轮机构进行了详细的设计与分析,以解决目前机具破壳作业不稳定、敲击臂摆动角度不精确的问题。根据破壳机构的结构尺寸及作业要求,采用能量法计算敲击臂摆角大小,选择从动件运动规律,通过压力角分析,对凸轮角度进行分配,进而得到凸轮实际轮廓曲线。在ADAMS环境下,建立凸轮模型并进行运动学仿真分析,制造了敲击式山核桃破壳样机。通过试验,验证了所设计凸轮能够准确实现敲击臂的预设摆动角度,运转平稳且不发生自锁现象,从而达到高破壳率、低果仁损伤率的作业要求。
By exploring the shortcomings and deficiencies of the existing cam mechanism used in the shell-breaking mechanism,it is not difficult to find that the mechanism suffers from such problems as unstable shell-breaking operation and inaccurate swing angle of the striking arm. To solve such problems,the cam mechanism is designed and studied with the aid of the analytic method. According to the structure dimensions and operating requirements,the energy method is employed,so as to calculate the swing angle of the striking arm. The motion law is employed,and the cam angle distribution is confirmed by means of the analysis of pressure angle. Based on this,the practical curve of the cam profile is obtained. The ADAMS software is applied to carry out the kinematics simulation analysis of virtual prototype. Then,a pecan shell-breaking physical prototype is made. By means of the test,it is verified that the designed cam can realize the preset swing angle in an accurate manner,and based on this,the machine runs smoothly without any self-locking.
By exploring the shortcomings and deficiencies of the existing cam mechanism used in the shell-breaking mechanism,it is not difficult to find that the mechanism suffers from such problems as unstable shell-breaking operation and inaccurate swing angle of the striking arm. To solve such problems,the cam mechanism is designed and studied with the aid of the analytic method. According to the structure dimensions and operating requirements,the energy method is employed,so as to calculate the swing angle of the striking arm. The motion law is employed,and the cam angle distribution is confirmed by means of the analysis of pressure angle. Based on this,the practical curve of the cam profile is obtained. The ADAMS software is applied to carry out the kinematics simulation analysis of virtual prototype. Then,a pecan shell-breaking physical prototype is made. By means of the test,it is verified that the designed cam can realize the preset swing angle in an accurate manner,and based on this,the machine runs smoothly without any self-locking.
引文
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[2]朱占江,李忠新,杨莉玲,等.核桃壳仁分离技术研究进展[J].食品工业,2014,35(2):216-219.
[3]徐国宁,陈婵娟,贺功民.核桃破壳设备研究进展[J].食品工业,2015,36(5):229-232.
[4]贺炜,曹巨江,杨芙莲,等.我国凸轮机构研究的回顾与展望[J].机械工程学报,2005,41(6):1-6.
[5]温建民,付本国.摆动滚子从动件盘形凸轮的自动化设计[J].中国工程机械学报,2006,4(4):465-469,473.
[6]王东.基于Pro/E关系式的凸轮轮廓曲线精确设计[J].机械设计,2010,27(8):31-34.
[7]黄尚兵,金光,安源,等.滚子摆动从动件盘形凸轮的设计及优化[J].工程设计学报,2012,19(6):449-453.
[8]哈尔滨工业大学理论力学教研室.理论力学(I)[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2009.
[9]钱震杰,章定国.含摩擦碰撞柔性机械臂动力学研究[J].振动工程学报,2015,28(6):879-886.
[10]赵湛,李耀明,陈义,等.水稻籽粒碰撞力学特性研究[J].农业机械学报,2013,44(6):88-92.
[11]东南大学机械学学科组.机械原理[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2012.
[12]鄢喜爱,杨金民,田华.Matlab在数据处理和绘图中的应用[J].科学技术与工程,2006,6(22):3631-3633.
[13]郭运波,邢晓静.两种凸轮机构的压力角分析和优化研究[J].现代机械,2013,40(4):32-36.
[14]周文琪,王金武,潘振伟,等.液态施肥机分配机构空间凸轮设计与试验[J].农业机械学报,2015,46(11):64-69.
[15]袁安富,相立峰.基于ADAMS和Solid Works的印刷机凸轮传动系统的建模与仿真[J].制造业自动化,2010,32(11):125-128.
[16]赵匀,樊福雷,宋志超,等.反转式共轭凸轮蔬菜钵苗移栽机构的设计与仿真[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(14):8-16.