基于核桃特性分析的核桃破壳装置设计
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摘要
针对核桃加工过程中存在的人工破壳效率低、成本高等问题,分析了核桃的物理特性,探究了核桃挤压破壳的影响因素,得到核桃的最大破壳应力为580 N。在此基础上,设计了一种气动式核桃破壳机,并利用复动式气缸的特点实现了高效破壳。设计了核桃破壳机的总体结构和关键部件,并开展了验证试验,结果表明,在破壳气缸单个行程耗时2 s条件下,核桃高露仁率和一次破壳率分别为91. 5%和90. 7%,处理量为108 kg/h。此设备可为核桃破壳的规模化发展提供借鉴和参考。
In view of low efficiency and high cost of artificial shelling in processing of walnut,physical properties of walnut were analyzed,and influencing factors of walnut shell-cracking were investigated,the maximum shelling stress of walnut was got of 580 N. A pneumatic walnut shell breaking device was designed,that could realize high shell breaking efficiency by using double-action cylinder. Overall structure and key components of walnut shell-breaking machine were designed and verification tests were carried out. Results showed that under condition of 2 s in a single stroke of broken shell cylinder,high walnut kernel rate and one break rate could reach 91. 5% and 90. 7%,and the device could handle walnuts 108 kg/h. Study results could provide reference for the large-scale development of walnut shell-cracking.
In view of low efficiency and high cost of artificial shelling in processing of walnut,physical properties of walnut were analyzed,and influencing factors of walnut shell-cracking were investigated,the maximum shelling stress of walnut was got of 580 N. A pneumatic walnut shell breaking device was designed,that could realize high shell breaking efficiency by using double-action cylinder. Overall structure and key components of walnut shell-breaking machine were designed and verification tests were carried out. Results showed that under condition of 2 s in a single stroke of broken shell cylinder,high walnut kernel rate and one break rate could reach 91. 5% and 90. 7%,and the device could handle walnuts 108 kg/h. Study results could provide reference for the large-scale development of walnut shell-cracking.
引文
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[2]丁冉,曹成茂,詹超,等.仿生敲击式山核桃破壳机的设计与试验[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(3):257-264.DING Ran,CAO Chengmao,ZHAN Chao,et al.Design and experiment of bionic-impact type pecan shell breaker[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2017,33(3):257-264.
[3]刘明政,李长河,张彦彬,等.柔性带剪切挤压核桃破壳机理分析与性能试验[J].农业机械学报,2016,47(7):266-273.LIU Mingzheng,LI Changhe,ZHANG Yanbin,et al.Shell crushing mechanism analysis and performance test of flexible-belt shearing extrusion for walnut[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2016,47(7):266-273.
[4]SUN Y K.Nut cracking mechanism for variable-sized nuts:US,US7717033B1[P].2010.
[5]陈子健,吕相艳,高伦,等.鲜核桃去壳取仁一体机的结构设计[J].科技创新与应用,2018(7):37-38.
[6]杨军,李忠新,杨忠强,等.核桃加工工艺及成套设备[J].农机化研究,2011,33(4):235-241.YANG Jun,LI Zhongxin,YANG Zhongqiang,et al.Walnut processing technology and equipment[J].Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research,2011,33(4):235-241.
[7]QUANTZ J B,PITTS P W,FEASTER J L.Cracking unit for high production nutcracking apparatus:US,US6588328[P].2003.
[8]QUANTZ J B,PITTS P W,FEASTER J L.Apparatus for successively delivering nuts to a high production nutcracker:US,US7194950[P].2007.
[9]潘佰强.核桃机械化脱壳的力学特性分析[J].广西农业机械化,2017(4):28-31.
[10]沈柳杨.冲压式核桃破壳机的设计及试验研究[D].阿拉尔:塔里木大学,2017.SHEN Liuyang.Design and experimental study on the walnut cracking machine with impact extrusion type[D].Alaer:Tarim University,2017.
[11]王钦德,杨坚.食品试验设计与统计分析[M].北京:中国农业大学出版社,2010.
[12]沈柳杨,张宏,唐玉荣,等.自分级挤压式核桃破壳机的设计与试验[J].食品与机械,2016,32(7):80-85.SHEN Liuyang,ZHANG Hong,TANG Yurong,et al.Design and test of walnut cracking machine with self-grading extrusion[J].Food&Machinery,2016,32(7):80-85.
[13]赵超.山核桃破壳力学分析[J].西南大学学报(自然科学版),2012,34(9):123-127.ZHAO Chao.Mechanical analysis of cracking hickory[J].Journal of Southwest University(Natural Science),2012,34(9):123-127.
[14]曹成茂,蒋兰,吴崇友,等.山核桃破壳机加载锤头设计与试验[J].农业机械学报,2017,48(10):307-315.CAO Chengmao,JIANG Lan,WU Chongyou,et al.Design and test on hammerhead of pecan shell-breaking machine[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2017,48(10):307-315.