有机络合微肥对烤烟产量和质量的促进作用
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摘要
采用田间实验与室内分析相结合的方法,以云烟87为材料,探究在常规施肥的基础上,增施有机络合微肥对烤烟产量及质量的影响.试验结果表明:与对照组相比,有机络合微肥的施加,促进烤烟中后期的生长发育,也提高了烤烟生育中、后期干物质积累量; T4(9/10常规处理+有机络合微肥)处理下烤烟产量、产值和上中等烟比例的提升幅度最大,与对照组相比,分别提高了19.34%、33.05%和6.24%;增施有机络合微肥后,B2F、C2F和X2F烟叶的总糖、还原糖、淀粉、氯含量降低,烟碱、钾、总氮和锌含量提高,糖碱比、氮碱比和钾氯比均在适宜范围内更接近优质烟叶水平.因此施用有机络合微肥能促进烤烟的生长发育,提高烟叶的产量和经济效益,优化烟株的内在品质,同时在一定程度上提高肥料利用率,减弱了化肥对土壤的不利影响,具有较好的推广应用价值.
Using 87 as the experimental object,the effects of adding organic chelating agent microelement fertilizer on the basis of conventional fertilizer on yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco were studied by means of field experiment and laboratory analysis. The result shows that organic chelating agent microelement fertilizer can promote the growth and development of flue-cured tobacco at the later stage,increase the accumulation of dry matter in middle and later stages of flue cured tobacco. Compared with the control,the yield,output value and the proportion of upper middle tobacco had increased by 19.34%,33.05% and 6.24%,respectively,when applying 9/10 conventional fertilizer and organic chelating agent microelement fertilizer. In the B2 F,C2 F and X2 F leaves,the contents of total sugar,reducing sugar,starch and chlorine had reduced while the contents of nicotine,potassium,total nitrogen and Zinc had increased when applying organic chelating agent microelement fertilizer. Comprehensive analysis results show that organic chelating agent microelement fertilizerhas obviously effect on improving the yield,quality and economic benefits of flue-curedtobacco and the ratio of fertilizer utilization. Therefore,this research takes on a good future.
Using 87 as the experimental object,the effects of adding organic chelating agent microelement fertilizer on the basis of conventional fertilizer on yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco were studied by means of field experiment and laboratory analysis. The result shows that organic chelating agent microelement fertilizer can promote the growth and development of flue-cured tobacco at the later stage,increase the accumulation of dry matter in middle and later stages of flue cured tobacco. Compared with the control,the yield,output value and the proportion of upper middle tobacco had increased by 19.34%,33.05% and 6.24%,respectively,when applying 9/10 conventional fertilizer and organic chelating agent microelement fertilizer. In the B2 F,C2 F and X2 F leaves,the contents of total sugar,reducing sugar,starch and chlorine had reduced while the contents of nicotine,potassium,total nitrogen and Zinc had increased when applying organic chelating agent microelement fertilizer. Comprehensive analysis results show that organic chelating agent microelement fertilizerhas obviously effect on improving the yield,quality and economic benefits of flue-curedtobacco and the ratio of fertilizer utilization. Therefore,this research takes on a good future.
引文
[1]朱琪. 2016年烟草行业全年实现工商税利10795亿元[EB/OL].(2017-10-31)[2017-01-16]. http://china.cnr.cn/gdgg/20170116/t20170116_523490833.shtml.
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[10]杨宇虹,晋艳,黄建国,等.长期施肥对植烟土壤微生物的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2014,18(5):1186-1193.
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[15]汪耀富,张福锁.干旱和氮用量对烤烟干物质和矿质养分积累的影响[J].中国烟草学报,2003,9(1):19-23,29.
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[18]吴兴富,宋春满,邓建华,等.云南烟区烤烟糖含量特点[J].湖南农业大学学报,2010,36(3):289-294.
[19]鲁黎明,朱靓,雷强,等.四川烤烟主产区烟叶感官质量及主要化学成分分析[J].草业学报,2012,21(4):88-97.
[20]刘国顺.国内外烟叶质量差距分析和提高烟叶质量技术途径探讨[J].中国烟草学报,2003,9(B11):54-58.
[21]于海芹,焦芳婵,卢秀萍,等. 7个烤烟品种主要化学成分含量特点研究[J].浙江农业科学,2010,2010(5):969-972.
[22]周顺,王孝峰,宁敏,等.钾盐对烟草燃烧热解特性的作用机制[J].烟草科技,2016,49(11):33-41.
[23]叶灵,李超,李颖,等.钾盐对烟草燃烧特性及烟气成分的影响研究[J].云南大学学报(自然科学版),2016,38(1):105-111.
[24]于建军,庞天河,刘国顺,等.烤烟香气质与化学成分的相关和通径分析[J].中国农学通报,2006,22(1):71-73.
[25]于建军,庞天河,任晓红,等.烤烟化学成分与其静燃速率的关系研究[J].安徽农业科学,2006,34(2):264-266.
[26]伏秋庭.锌肥施用方式对烤烟生长发育及产量品质的影响[D].雅安:四川农业大学,2013.
[2]杨亚,朱列书,朱静娴,等.移栽期对烤烟生长发育及品质的影响[J].作物研究,2011,25(2):179-183.
[3]李银科,王菲,羊波,等.微肥施用对云南烟叶化学成分和感官评吸的影响[J].湖北农业科学,2014,53(5):1090-1095
[4]郭建华,张仕祥,王建伟,等.烤烟中微量营养元素含量与物理特性的关系探讨[J].土壤,2017,49(2):268-272.
[5]马占峰,黄建,唐民,等.微量元素对烤烟农艺性状的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2017,45(20):27-30.
[6]柴云霞,耿少武,邹阳,等.增施中微量元素肥料对烤烟生长发育及烟叶品质的影响[J].湖南农业科学,2016(1):27-29.
[7]吴轶凡,王发鹏,邱忠智,等.有机微肥在烤烟大田示范中的应用效果[J].现代农业科技,2017(2):6-7.
[8]谈留雄.国内外微肥生产和应用[J].腐植酸,1993(2):6-15.
[9]沈德龙,李俊,姜昕.我国生物有机肥的发展现状及展望[J].江苏农村经济:品牌农资,2008,23(5):40-42.
[10]杨宇虹,晋艳,黄建国,等.长期施肥对植烟土壤微生物的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2014,18(5):1186-1193.
[11]KOOPMANS G F,SCHENKEVELD W D C,SONG J,et al. Influence of EDDS on metal speciation in soil extracts:measurement and mechanistic multicomponent modeling[J]. Environmental Science&Technology,2008,42(4):1123-1130.
[12]刘旺,陈志良,彭晓春,等.强化重金属污染土壤的螯合剂诱导植物提取研究[J].安徽农业科学,2012,40(8):4832-4838.
[13]GB2635-1992.烤烟国家标准[S].北京:中国标准出版社,1992.
[14]王瑞新.烟草化学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2003.
[15]汪耀富,张福锁.干旱和氮用量对烤烟干物质和矿质养分积累的影响[J].中国烟草学报,2003,9(1):19-23,29.
[16]章新军,任晓红,毕庆文,等.鄂西南烤烟主要化学成分与评吸质量的关系[J].烟草科技,2006(9):58-60.
[17]顾勇,夏春,王飞,等.不同烤烟品种在泸州烟区的综合表现研究[J].安徽农业科学,2013,41(5):2002-2005.
[18]吴兴富,宋春满,邓建华,等.云南烟区烤烟糖含量特点[J].湖南农业大学学报,2010,36(3):289-294.
[19]鲁黎明,朱靓,雷强,等.四川烤烟主产区烟叶感官质量及主要化学成分分析[J].草业学报,2012,21(4):88-97.
[20]刘国顺.国内外烟叶质量差距分析和提高烟叶质量技术途径探讨[J].中国烟草学报,2003,9(B11):54-58.
[21]于海芹,焦芳婵,卢秀萍,等. 7个烤烟品种主要化学成分含量特点研究[J].浙江农业科学,2010,2010(5):969-972.
[22]周顺,王孝峰,宁敏,等.钾盐对烟草燃烧热解特性的作用机制[J].烟草科技,2016,49(11):33-41.
[23]叶灵,李超,李颖,等.钾盐对烟草燃烧特性及烟气成分的影响研究[J].云南大学学报(自然科学版),2016,38(1):105-111.
[24]于建军,庞天河,刘国顺,等.烤烟香气质与化学成分的相关和通径分析[J].中国农学通报,2006,22(1):71-73.
[25]于建军,庞天河,任晓红,等.烤烟化学成分与其静燃速率的关系研究[J].安徽农业科学,2006,34(2):264-266.
[26]伏秋庭.锌肥施用方式对烤烟生长发育及产量品质的影响[D].雅安:四川农业大学,2013.