滇西北剑湖湿地海菜花(Ottelia acuminata)群落物种组成及种群分布格局
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摘要
群落物种组成及种群分布格局特征是揭示种群发展趋势及与环境相互关系的基础.以滇西北剑湖湿地海菜花群落为对象,采用样方法与扩散系数法对其物种组成与种群分布格局进行研究.结果表明:群落共有物种18种,分属12科、14属,包括沉水、漂浮、浮叶及湿生4类生活型;海菜花(Ottelia acuminata)、豆瓣菜(Nasturtium officinale)、马来眼子菜(Potamogeton malaianus)和草茨藻(Najas graminea)呈集群分布,其余种群呈随机分布;海菜花种群个体间拥挤效应最大,种内竞争最为激烈.保育海菜花种源、开展流域和生境治理以减缓湖泊沼泽化进程,是目前剑湖海菜花群落保护的当务之急.
Ottelia acuminata is listed in Yunnan Province Protected Plants( Class III) as a rare and endangered plant species. Ottelia acuminata community used to be a dominant community type in Yunnan's plateau lakes,but it is only found in a limited number of lakes nowadays with its observable changing characteristics. In the present study,species composition and distribution patterns of the community in Lake Jianhu were studied,with plot method and dispersal coefficient method in order to understand the development trend of the population,the relationship between its distribution pattern and environmental factors,and to provide some scientific basis for the protection of Ottelia acuminata and plateau lakes. The results showed that the community was composed of 18 species belonging to 12 families and 14 genera,with submerged type,free-floating type,floating-leaved type and hygrophyte as four major life forms. The distribution pattern of Ottelia acuminata,Nasturtium officinale,Potamogeton malaianus and Najas graminea was clumpy,while other species were randomly distributed."Crowding effect"in Ottelia acuminata population was the highest among all species,which indicated the intense intraspecific competition. Ex-situ conservation,basin maintenance and habitat management are some promising approaches to effectively slow down lake swamping process and conserve Ottelia acuminata community.
Ottelia acuminata is listed in Yunnan Province Protected Plants( Class III) as a rare and endangered plant species. Ottelia acuminata community used to be a dominant community type in Yunnan's plateau lakes,but it is only found in a limited number of lakes nowadays with its observable changing characteristics. In the present study,species composition and distribution patterns of the community in Lake Jianhu were studied,with plot method and dispersal coefficient method in order to understand the development trend of the population,the relationship between its distribution pattern and environmental factors,and to provide some scientific basis for the protection of Ottelia acuminata and plateau lakes. The results showed that the community was composed of 18 species belonging to 12 families and 14 genera,with submerged type,free-floating type,floating-leaved type and hygrophyte as four major life forms. The distribution pattern of Ottelia acuminata,Nasturtium officinale,Potamogeton malaianus and Najas graminea was clumpy,while other species were randomly distributed."Crowding effect"in Ottelia acuminata population was the highest among all species,which indicated the intense intraspecific competition. Ex-situ conservation,basin maintenance and habitat management are some promising approaches to effectively slow down lake swamping process and conserve Ottelia acuminata community.
引文
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[21]Zhang Baoyuan.Consideration on Jianhu lake conservation in plateau area.Environmental Science Survey,2011,30(3):49-52.[张宝元.对保护高原湖泊剑湖的思考.环境科学导刊,2011,30(3):49-52.]
[22]Li Weidong,Liu Yungen,Tian Kun et al.Research on reduction efficiency for in let lake sandy sludge by plateau Jianhu Zizania latifolia wetland lakeside zone of Yunnan north-west region.Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,2010,38(31):17643-17645,17685.[李卫东,刘云根,田昆等.滇西北高原剑湖茭草湿地湖滨带对入湖泥沙截留效果研究.安徽农业科学,2010,38(31):17643-17645,17685.]
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[26]Lou Yanjing,Zhao Kuiyi,Ma Keping.Change in floristic composition and species diversity of plant community along environment gradient in Honghe National Nature Reserve,China.Acta Ecologica Sinica,2007,27(9):3883-3891.[娄彦景,赵魁义,马克平.洪河自然保护区典型湿地植物群落组成及物种多样性梯度变化.生态学报,2007,27(9):3883-3891.]
[27]Xiao Keyan,Yu Dan.Concepts and studies on clonal population of aquatic plant.Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica,2008,32(6):920-925.[肖克炎,于丹.克隆种群的有关概念在水生植物中应用和研究进展.水生生物学报,2008,32(6):920-925.]
[28]Zhu Guicai,Zhang Xiangyin,Yang Zhongyi.Study on reproductive characteristics of co-tolerance plant Leersia hexandra.Shandon Agricultural Science,2009,9:26-29.[朱桂才,张饷银,杨中艺.共耐性植物李氏禾繁殖特性的研究.山东农业科学,2009,9:26-29.]
[29]Zhang Jiyi,Zhao Halin.Spatial patterns of main species of the grassland community in the recovering succession in Horqin sandy land.Chinese Journal of Ecology,2004,23(2):1-6.[张继义,赵哈林.科尔沁沙地草地植被恢复演替进程中群落优势种群空间分布格局研究.生态学杂志,2004,23(2):1-6.]
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[2]Huang Zhiwei,Peng Min,Chen Guichen et al.The spatial distribution patterns and dynamics of some wetland dominant plants of the Qinghai Lake.China J Appl Environ Biol,2001,7(2):113-116.[黄志伟,彭敏,陈桂琛等.青海湖几种主要湿地植物的种群分布格局及动态.应用与环境生物学报,2001,7(2):113-116.]
[3]Zhang Min,Yang Hongxiao.Spatial patterns of Glehina littoralis population on sandy seashore and their responses to artificial beach ridge.Chinese Journal of Ecology,2015,34(1):47-52.[张敏,杨洪晓.滨海沙滩珊瑚菜种群的空间格局及其对岸垄的响应.生态学杂志,2015,34(1):47-52.]
[4]Jiang Zhutan,Li Heng,Dao Zhiling et al.Ethnobotanical study on Ottelia acuminata,an aquatic edible plant occurring in Yunnan.Journal of Inner Mongolia Normal University(Natural Science Edition),2010,39(2):163-168.[蒋柱檀,李恒,刀志灵等.云南传统食用植物海菜花(Ottelia acuminata)的民族植物学研究.内蒙古师范大学学报(自然科学版),2010,39(2):163-168.]
[5]Li Heng.Classification,distribution and phylogeny of the genus Ottelia.Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica,1981,19(1):29-42.[李恒.海菜花属的分类、地理分布和系统发育.植物分类学报,1981,19(1):29-42.]
[6]Forestry Department of Yunnan Province.The first batch of rare and endangered plants list of Yunnan province.Yunnan Forestry,1985,2:2-3.[云南省林业厅.云南省第一批珍稀濒危保护植物名录.云南林业,1985,2:2-3.]
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[8]Li Heng.The flourishing and decinling of Ottelia acuminate in the lake of Dian Chi.Journal of Yunnan University,1985,7(supplement):138-142.[李恒.滇池海菜花的盛衰.云南大学学报,1985,7(增刊):138-142.]
[9]Fu Hui,Yuan Guixiang,Cao Te et al.Succession of submerged macrophyte communities in relation to environmental change in Lake Erhai over the past 50 years.J Lake Sci,2013,25(6):854-861.DOI:10.18307/2013.0609.[符辉,袁贵香,曹特等.洱海近50a来沉水植被演替及其主要驱动要素.湖泊科学,2013,25(6):854-861.]
[10]Li Ningyun,Tian Kun,Chen Yuhui et al.Changes of Ottelia acuminata communities in the plateau lakes of northwestern Yunnan over the past three decades.J Lake Sci,2015,27(3):401-406.DOI:10.18307/2015.0305.[李宁云,田昆,陈玉惠等.近30年滇西北高原湖泊海菜花群落变化.湖泊科学,2015,27(3):401-406.]
[11]Southwest Forestry College ed.Comprehensive scientific survey report of Yunnan Jianhu Nature Reserve.Kunming:Southwest Forestry College,2005:53-54,122.[西南林学院.云南省剑湖湿地自然保护区综合科学考察报告.昆明:西南林学院,2005:53-54,122.]
[12]Li Heng.A study on the lake vegetation of Yunnan Plateau.Acta Botanica Yunnanica,1980,2(2):113-118.[李恒.云南高原湖泊水生植被的研究.云南植物研究,1980,2(2):113-118.]
[13]Fang Jingyun,Wang Xiangping,Shen Zehao et al.Methods and protocols for plant community inventor.Biodiversity Science,2009,17(6):533-548.[方精云,王襄平,沈泽昊等.植物群落清查的主要内容、方法和技术规范.生物多样性,2009,17(6):533-548.]
[14]Jin Zhenzhou ed.Theories and methods of phytosociology.Beijing:Science Press,2009:69-72.[金振洲.植物社会学理论与方法.北京:科学出版社,2009:69-72.]
[15]He Zongming,Yang Yusheng,Chen Guangshui et al.Spatial patterns of main species in a 76-year-old Chinese fir community in Ancaoxia,Fujian.Journal of Fujian College of Forestry,2003,21(3):212-2l5.[何宗明,杨玉盛,陈光水等.安曹下76年生杉木群落主要种群分布格局.福建韩学院学报,2003,21(3):212-2l5.]
[16]Cao Honglin,Cai Xi'an,Peng Shaolin et al.An analysis of the community of secondary evergreen broad-leaf forestin Longkou,Heshan.Tropical Geography,1999,19(4):312-317.[曹洪麟,蔡锡安,彭少麟等.鹤山龙口村边次生常绿阔叶林群落分析.热带地理,1999,19(4):312-317.]
[17]Zhang Yashuang,Su Zhixian,Hu Jinyao et al.Spatial distribution pattern of Davidia involucrate polulation in Wolong of Sihcuan Province.Acta Botanica Yunnanica,2005,27(4):395-402.[张亚爽,苏智先,胡进耀等.四川卧龙自然保护区珙桐种群的空间分布格局.云南植物研究,2005,27(4):395-402.]
[18]Peng Shaolin,Fang Wei.Studies on dynamics of Castanposis chinensis and Schima superba population in forest succession of Dinghushan mountain.Acta Phytoecologica Sinica,1995,19(4):311-318.[彭少麟,方炜.鼎湖山植被演替中椎栗和荷木种群的动态.植物生态学报,1995,19(4):311-318.]
[19]Zhang Chao,Huang Qinglin,Pubu Dunzhu et al.Population distribution patterns of shrub in Tibet.Journal of Mountain Science,2011,29(1):123-128.[张超,黄清麟,普布顿珠等.西藏灌木林种群分布格局.山地学报,2011,29(1):123-128.]
[20]Cui Baoshan,Yang Zhifeng eds.Wetlands.Beijing:China Normal University Press,2006:54-55.[崔保山,杨志峰.湿地学.北京:北京师范大学出版社,2006:54-55.]
[21]Zhang Baoyuan.Consideration on Jianhu lake conservation in plateau area.Environmental Science Survey,2011,30(3):49-52.[张宝元.对保护高原湖泊剑湖的思考.环境科学导刊,2011,30(3):49-52.]
[22]Li Weidong,Liu Yungen,Tian Kun et al.Research on reduction efficiency for in let lake sandy sludge by plateau Jianhu Zizania latifolia wetland lakeside zone of Yunnan north-west region.Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,2010,38(31):17643-17645,17685.[李卫东,刘云根,田昆等.滇西北高原剑湖茭草湿地湖滨带对入湖泥沙截留效果研究.安徽农业科学,2010,38(31):17643-17645,17685.]
[23]Li WD,Liu YG,Tian K et al.Research on purification effect of Jian Lake Zizania latifolia wetland lakefront zone in northwest of Yunnan Plateau on nitrogen and phosphorus of agricultural non-point source.Agricultural Science and Technology,2010,11(7):109-112,150.
[24]Wu Tonggui,Wu Ming,Xiao Jianghua.Dynamics of community succession and species of vegetations in beach wetland of Hangzhou Bay.Chinese Journal of Ecology,2008,27(8):1284-1289.[吴统贵,吴明,萧江华.杭州湾滩涂湿地植被群落演替与物种多样性动态.生态学杂志,2008,27(8):1284-1289.]
[25]Hou Yuan,Guo Zhenggang,Long Ruijun.Changes of plant community structure and species diversity in degradation process of Shouqu wetland of Yellow River.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2009,20(1):27-32.[后源,郭正刚,龙瑞军.黄河首曲湿地退化过程中植物群落组分及物种多样性的变化.应用生态学报,2009,20(1):27-32.]
[26]Lou Yanjing,Zhao Kuiyi,Ma Keping.Change in floristic composition and species diversity of plant community along environment gradient in Honghe National Nature Reserve,China.Acta Ecologica Sinica,2007,27(9):3883-3891.[娄彦景,赵魁义,马克平.洪河自然保护区典型湿地植物群落组成及物种多样性梯度变化.生态学报,2007,27(9):3883-3891.]
[27]Xiao Keyan,Yu Dan.Concepts and studies on clonal population of aquatic plant.Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica,2008,32(6):920-925.[肖克炎,于丹.克隆种群的有关概念在水生植物中应用和研究进展.水生生物学报,2008,32(6):920-925.]
[28]Zhu Guicai,Zhang Xiangyin,Yang Zhongyi.Study on reproductive characteristics of co-tolerance plant Leersia hexandra.Shandon Agricultural Science,2009,9:26-29.[朱桂才,张饷银,杨中艺.共耐性植物李氏禾繁殖特性的研究.山东农业科学,2009,9:26-29.]
[29]Zhang Jiyi,Zhao Halin.Spatial patterns of main species of the grassland community in the recovering succession in Horqin sandy land.Chinese Journal of Ecology,2004,23(2):1-6.[张继义,赵哈林.科尔沁沙地草地植被恢复演替进程中群落优势种群空间分布格局研究.生态学杂志,2004,23(2):1-6.]
[30]Zhao Kuiyi,Sun Guangyou,Yang Yongxing eds.Mires of China.Beijing:Science Press,1999:31-32.[赵魁义,孙广友,杨永兴.中国沼泽志.北京:科学出版社,1999:31-32.]