台湾儿童血清全氟化合物与血脂关联的性别差异研究
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摘要
目的:全氟辛烷磺酸(PFOS)和全氟辛酸(PFOA)是广泛应用于工业和生活领域的全氟化合物,在人体及环境介质中均可检出。近几年的流行病学研究表明儿童PFOS和PFOA的暴露水平与血脂水平具有相关性。本研究拟进一步研究血清全氟化合物水平与儿童血脂间关联的性别差异。方法:以台湾儿童为研究对象,分析血清中总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)、甘油三脂(TG)等生化指标与PFOS和PFOA血清水平的相关性。结果:线性回归模型分析表明男生血清PFOS、PFOA水平与血脂水平具有显著相关性。当男生血清中ln-PFOS和ln-PFOA水平每增加1 ng·m L~(-1)时,TC含量分别增高0.51 mg·d L~(-1)(95%CI:0.30~0.72)和6.53 mg·d L~(-1)(95%CI:1.96~11.11),但在女生中则没有观察到血清PFOS和PFOA水平与TC的相关性。趋势分析结果显示,随着儿童血清中PFOS和PFOA水平的增加,男生和女生血脂的TC、LDL和TG含量呈增高趋势。结论:台湾儿童血清PFOS和PFOA水平与血脂水平存在正相关,且在男生中观察到的效应强于女生。
Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances( PFASs),are widely used in commercial applications and can be detected in environmental. Associations between PFASs exposure and lipid levels were observed in previous epidimiological studies. In order to explore the sex-specific difference in the association between PFASs exposure and serum lipidlevels in children,a cross-sectional study among Taiwanese children was conducted. Blood samples were collected to analyze the associations between serum total cholesterol( TC),high density lipoprotein cholesterol( HDL),low density lipoprotein cholesterol( LDL),triglyceride( TG) and perfluorooctane sulfonate( PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid( PFOA) exposure levels. The results indicated that association between PFOS,PFOA and lipid levels was more obviously among boys than girls. For example,1 ng·m L~(-1) increase in ln-PFOS and ln-PFOA increased 0. 51 mg·d L~(-1)( 95%CI:0. 30 ~ 0. 72) and 6. 53 mg·d L~(-1)( 95% CI: 1. 96 ~11. 11) TC in boys,respectively,while no association observed between PFOS,PFOA and TC level among girls. Quartile analysis showed that the level of TC,LDL and TG in both boys and girls increased with increasing of PFOS and PFOA in serum. Conclusion: Positive associations between PFOS,PFOA and serum lipid level were observed among Taiwanese children which was more obvious in boys.
Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances( PFASs),are widely used in commercial applications and can be detected in environmental. Associations between PFASs exposure and lipid levels were observed in previous epidimiological studies. In order to explore the sex-specific difference in the association between PFASs exposure and serum lipidlevels in children,a cross-sectional study among Taiwanese children was conducted. Blood samples were collected to analyze the associations between serum total cholesterol( TC),high density lipoprotein cholesterol( HDL),low density lipoprotein cholesterol( LDL),triglyceride( TG) and perfluorooctane sulfonate( PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid( PFOA) exposure levels. The results indicated that association between PFOS,PFOA and lipid levels was more obviously among boys than girls. For example,1 ng·m L~(-1) increase in ln-PFOS and ln-PFOA increased 0. 51 mg·d L~(-1)( 95%CI:0. 30 ~ 0. 72) and 6. 53 mg·d L~(-1)( 95% CI: 1. 96 ~11. 11) TC in boys,respectively,while no association observed between PFOS,PFOA and TC level among girls. Quartile analysis showed that the level of TC,LDL and TG in both boys and girls increased with increasing of PFOS and PFOA in serum. Conclusion: Positive associations between PFOS,PFOA and serum lipid level were observed among Taiwanese children which was more obvious in boys.
引文
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[24]Lewis R C,Johns L E,Meeker J D.Serum biomarkers of exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances in relation to serum testosterone and measures of thyroid function among adults and adolescents from NHANES 2011-2012[J].International Journal of Environmental Research Public Health,2015,12(6):6098-6114
[2]Zhou Z,Shi Y,Vestergren R,et al.Highly elevated serum concentrations of perfluoroalkyl substances in fishery employees from Tangxun lake,China[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2014,48(7):3864-3874
[3]Olsen G W,Burris J M,Ehresman D J,et al.Half-life of serum elimination of perfluorooctanesulfonate,perfluorohexanesulfonate,and perfluorooctanoate in retired fluorochemical production workers[J].Environmental Health Perspectives,2007,115(9):1298-1305
[4]Brambilla G,D'Hollander W,Oliaei F,et al.Pathways and factors for food safety and food security at PFOS contaminated sites within a problem based learning approach[J].Chemosphere,2015,129:192-202
[5]Davis S,Mirick D K.Soil ingestion in children and adults in the same family[J].Journal of Exposure Science&Environmental Epidemiology,2006,16(1):63-75
[6]Starling A P,Engel S M,Whitworth K W,et al.Perfluoroalkyl substances and lipid concentrations in plasma during pregnancy among women in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study[J].Environment International,2014,62:104-112
[7]Wang J,Zhang Y,Zhang W,et al.Association of perfluorooctanoic acid with HDL cholesterol and circulating miR-26b and miR-199-3p in workers of a fluorochemical plant and nearby residents[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2012,46(17):9274-9281
[8]Fletcher T,Galloway T S,Melzer D,et al.Associations between PFOA,PFOS and changes in the expression of genes involved in cholesterol metabolism in humans[J].Environment International,2013,57-58:2-10
[9]Chteau-Degat M L,Pereg D,Dallaire R,et al.Effects of perfluorooctanesulfonate exposure on plasma lipid levels in the Inuit population of Nunavik(Northern Quebec)[J].Environmental Research,2010,110(7):710-717
[10]Geiger S D,Xiao J,Ducatman A,et al.The association between PFOA,PFOS and serum lipid levels in adolescents[J].Chemosphere,2014,98:78-83
[11]Zeng X W,Qian Z M,Emo B,et al.Association of polyfluoroalky chemical exposure with serum lipids in children[J].Science of the Total Environment,2015,512-513:364-370
[12]Nelson J W,Hatch E E,Webster T F,et al.Exposure to polyfluoroalkyl chemicals and cholesterol,body weight,and insulin resistance in the general U.S.population[J].Environmental Health Perspectives,2010,118(2):197-202
[13]Steenland K.Association of perfluorooctanoic acid and perfluorooctane sulfonate with serum lipids among adults living near a chemical plant[J].American Journal of Epidemiology,2009,170(10):1268-1278
[14]Daniels S R,Greer F R.Lipid screening and cardiovascular health in childhood[J].Pediatrics,2008,122(1):198-208
[15]Friedewald W T,Levy R I,Fredrickson D S,et al.Estimation of the concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma,without use of the preparative ultracentrifuge[J].Clinical Chemistry,1972,18(6):499-502
[16]Bao J,Lee Y L,Chen P C,et al.Perfluoroalkyl acids in blood serum samples from children in Taiwan[J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2014,21(12):7650–7655
[17]Tsai M S,Lin C Y,Lin C C,et al.Association between perfluoroalkyl substances and reproductive hormones in adolescents and young adults[J].International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health,2015,218(5):437-443
[18]Wang Y,Roqan W J,Chen P C,et al.Association between maternal serum perfluoroalkyl substances during pregnancy and maternal and cord thyroid hormones:Taiwan maternal and infant cohort study[J].Environmental Health Perspectives,2014,122(5):529-534
[19]Hoyer B B,Ramlau-Hansen C H,Vrijheid M,et al.Anthropometry in 5-to 9-year-old Greenlandic and Ukrainian children in relation to prenatal exposure to perfluorinated alkyl substances[J].Environmental Health Perspectives,2015,123(8):841-846
[20]Xie S,Wang T,Liu S,et al.Industrial source identification and emission estimation of perfluorooctane sulfonate in China[J].Environment International,2013,52:1-8
[21]Frisbee S J,Shankar A,Knox S S,et al.Perfluorooctanoic acid,perfluorooctane sulfonate,and serum lipids in children and adolescents:Results from the C8 Health Project[J].Archives of Pediatrics&Adolescent Medicine,2010,164(9):860-869
[22]Takacs M L,Abbott B D.Activation of mouse and human peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors(alpha,beta/delta,gamma)by perfluorooctanoic acid and perfluorooctane sulfonate[J].Toxicological Sciences,2007,95(1):108-117
[23]Kjeldsen L S,Bonefeld-Jorgensen E C.Perfluorinated compounds affect the function of sex hormone receptors[J].Environmental Science&Pollution Research International,2013,20(11):8031-8044
[24]Lewis R C,Johns L E,Meeker J D.Serum biomarkers of exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances in relation to serum testosterone and measures of thyroid function among adults and adolescents from NHANES 2011-2012[J].International Journal of Environmental Research Public Health,2015,12(6):6098-6114