“闰土情结”的文化阐释及消亡——兼论中国农民文化人格的演变与突破
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摘要
鲁迅笔下的闰土形象已成了一个文化符号,他是旧中国农民文化人格的代称。解放以来,中国二元经济结构的城乡差别逐渐拉大,形成了"农民"和"公家人",又产生了新中国的"闰土";改革开放以后,急速扩大的贫富差距产生的"老板"和"农民工",又继续诞生了新一代的"闰土"。"闰土情结"内涵极其丰富,主要包括隐忍精神、懦夫意识和常乐心态三个层面。随着城镇化、商业化的发展,新一代农民已彻底与"闰土情结"决裂,并以崭新的精神面貌昂首挺立在中国的大地上。解读"闰土情结",就能形象地看到旧中国农民的生活状况,探秘他们的精神世界,进而加深对旧中国经济、政治、文化等各个方面的认识和了解。
Lu Xun's image of Run Tu has become a cultural symbol,he is the old Chinese peasant cultural personality.Since the liberation,China's two-yuan economic structure of the urban and rural differences gradually increased,which formed a"peasant"and"public people",and also produced a new China's"Run Tu".After the reform and opening up,the rapid expansion of the gap between the rich and poor produced"boss"and"the peasant laborer",also continued to produce a new generation of"Run Tu"."Run Tu's complex"is very rich in connotation,including the stratification planes:the spirit of endurance,coward consciousness andhappymentality.With the development of urbanization and commercialization,a new generation of peasants has completely broken with the"Run Tu's complex"and held up the head to stand upright on China's earth with a new mental outlook.By interpreting"Run Tu's complex",we will be able to see the old image of Chinese peasants' living conditions,discover their spiritual world,then deepen a better understanding of the old China's economic,political,cultural,and other aspects.
Lu Xun's image of Run Tu has become a cultural symbol,he is the old Chinese peasant cultural personality.Since the liberation,China's two-yuan economic structure of the urban and rural differences gradually increased,which formed a"peasant"and"public people",and also produced a new China's"Run Tu".After the reform and opening up,the rapid expansion of the gap between the rich and poor produced"boss"and"the peasant laborer",also continued to produce a new generation of"Run Tu"."Run Tu's complex"is very rich in connotation,including the stratification planes:the spirit of endurance,coward consciousness andhappymentality.With the development of urbanization and commercialization,a new generation of peasants has completely broken with the"Run Tu's complex"and held up the head to stand upright on China's earth with a new mental outlook.By interpreting"Run Tu's complex",we will be able to see the old image of Chinese peasants' living conditions,discover their spiritual world,then deepen a better understanding of the old China's economic,political,cultural,and other aspects.
引文
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[2]杨伯峻.论语译注[M].北京:中华书局,2006.
[3]中央编译局.马克思恩格斯选集[M].北京:人民文学出版社,1972.