基于正交试验的斜击式水涡轮优化与分析
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摘要
参考斜击式水轮机结构设计方法,使用正交试验法对JP75卷盘喷灌机水涡轮的主要几何参数进行优化试验,并对优化结果进行相关系数及主成分分析,最后确定影响效率的主要因素及水涡轮最优参数组合.使用优化后的参数建立水涡轮最优模型,并采用CFD数值计算方法对流量为500～900 r/min、转速为18～40 m3/h下优化模型的性能进行计算及分析;在此基础上,分析了水涡轮外特性曲线,优化模型在非设计转速下具有较高的稳定性和高效性.在流量区间内,优化模型最高效率点提升了近31%;研究了水涡轮优化模型的内部流场分布,相比于原有模型,内部流场更为合理流畅,进口管道内压力分布均匀,且能够形成有效射流,同时,水涡轮叶片的优化设计解决了存在的局部高压区和叶间涡问题;与原有模型进行能量转化率比较,验证了转轮处能量有效利用率明显提升了42.71%.
Based on design method for Turgo turbine structure,the correlation analysis and principal component analysis of the test results were carried out,and the optimal parameter combination was analyzed and selected by using orthogonal experiment design. An optimal turbine model was built and simulated numerically by using CFD technique to explore its performance,stability and efficiency at500-900 r/min rotational speeds and 18-40 m3/h flow rates. In these flow rate and speed ranges,the optimal model has so high working efficiency that the best efficiency increases nearly up to 31%. The internal flow in the optimal model is more reasonable and smoother,and the uneven distribution of pressure in the inlet duct has been removed and an effective jet is formed as well. At the same time,the problem of local high-pressure zone and the vortex between two blades disappear. Compared with the original model,the energy conversion efficiency of the runner is improved by 42.71%.
Based on design method for Turgo turbine structure,the correlation analysis and principal component analysis of the test results were carried out,and the optimal parameter combination was analyzed and selected by using orthogonal experiment design. An optimal turbine model was built and simulated numerically by using CFD technique to explore its performance,stability and efficiency at500-900 r/min rotational speeds and 18-40 m3/h flow rates. In these flow rate and speed ranges,the optimal model has so high working efficiency that the best efficiency increases nearly up to 31%. The internal flow in the optimal model is more reasonable and smoother,and the uneven distribution of pressure in the inlet duct has been removed and an effective jet is formed as well. At the same time,the problem of local high-pressure zone and the vortex between two blades disappear. Compared with the original model,the energy conversion efficiency of the runner is improved by 42.71%.
引文
[1]汤玲迪.卷盘式喷灌机水涡轮优化设计与内部流动分析[D].镇江:江苏大学,2017.
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[2]汤玲迪,袁寿其,邱志鹏.卷盘式喷灌机水涡轮发展与研究现状[J].排灌机械工程学报,2018,36(10):963-968.TANG Lingdi,YUAN Shouqi,QIU Zhipeng. Development and research status of water turbine for hose reel irrigator[J]. Journal of drainage and irrigation machinery engineering,2018,36(10):963-968.(in Chinese)
[3]符杰,宋文武,王辉艳.冲击式水轮机斗叶根部型线优化设计[J].农业机械学报,2012,43(9):62-65.FU Jie,SONG Wenwu,WANG Huiyan. Optimization design of bucket roots type line for pelton turbines[J].Transactions of the CSAM,2012,43(9):62-65.(in Chinese)
[4]程俊,汤跃,汤玲迪. JP75型卷盘喷灌机用水涡轮能耗贡献率分析[J].排灌机械工程学报,2016,34(11):1008-1012.CHENG Jun,TANG Yue,TANG Lingdi. Energy consumption analysis of hydraulic turbine of JP75 hose reel irrigator[J]. Journal of drainage and irrigation machinery engineering,2016,34(11):1008-1012.(in Chinese)
[5] ANAGNOSTOPOULOS J S,PAPANTONIS D E. A fast lagrangian simulation method for flow analysis and runner design in pelton turbines[J]. Journal of hydrodynamics,2012,24(6):930-941.
[6]关醒凡.泵的理论与设计[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1987.
[7]袁寿其,施卫东,刘厚林.泵理论与技术[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2014.
[8]刘瑞江,张业旺,闻崇炜,等.正交试验设计和分析方法研究[J].实验技术与管理,2010,27(9):52-55.LIU Ruijiang,ZHANG Yewang,WEN Chongwei,et al.Study on the design and analysis methods of orthogonal experiment[J]. Experimental technology and management,2010,27(9):52-55.(in Chinese)
[9]韩凤琴,久保田乔,刘洁.数值模拟冲击式水轮机内部非定常流动[J].华中理工大学学报,2000,28(11):14-16.HAN Fengqin,KUBOTA Takashi,LIU Jie. Numerical simulation of unsteady flow on pelton buckets[J].Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology,2000,28(11):14-16.(in Chinese)