新媒体场域对司法公信力的影响机理及提升路径
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摘要
新媒体全新的传播规律和传播理念深刻地改变了社会生活方式。新媒体场域下,司法公信力建设也正面临着前所未有的挑战与机遇。新媒体这一包容开放的"公共领域"使得普通大众得以抒发民意,其数字化的技术特征也使得"网络直播""文书上网"等新兴司法公开形式得以实现。但是,新媒体带来的"舆论审判"等现象挑战着司法独立与权威,对司法公信力造成了巨大负面影响。文章探讨了新媒体对我国司法运行的积极与消极影响,并分析了它的形成机理,提出了新媒体场域下提升司法公信力的路径,即深入司法体制改革,坚持司法独立;积极运用新媒体手段,搭建权威的媒体平台;建立新媒体舆情监测、研判和回应机制;坚持问题导向,完善治理结构来提升司法公信力等措施。
The new law and concept of the new media have profoundly changed the social life style. Under the field of the new media, the construction of judicial credibility is facing unprecedented challenges and opportunities. The new media, an inclusive and open "public domain", enables the general public to express their opinions. Its digital technical features have also made some new forms of judicial openness, such as "Internet live broadcasting" and "online court records", be able to be realized. At the same time, the "public opinion trial" brought by the new media has also caused a negative impact on the judicial credibility, bringing about great pressure to the judicial work and challenging the independence and authority of the judiciary. The article probes into the positive and negative influence of the new media on China's judicature, analyzes its formation mechanism, and puts forward some ways to promote the credibility of the judiciary. They are as follows: deepening the reform of the judicial system and adhering to the independence of the judiciary; actively applying the new media means to build an authoritative media platform; establishing a public opinion monitoring, study and response mechanism of the new media; adhering to the problem-oriented principle and improving the governance structure.
The new law and concept of the new media have profoundly changed the social life style. Under the field of the new media, the construction of judicial credibility is facing unprecedented challenges and opportunities. The new media, an inclusive and open "public domain", enables the general public to express their opinions. Its digital technical features have also made some new forms of judicial openness, such as "Internet live broadcasting" and "online court records", be able to be realized. At the same time, the "public opinion trial" brought by the new media has also caused a negative impact on the judicial credibility, bringing about great pressure to the judicial work and challenging the independence and authority of the judiciary. The article probes into the positive and negative influence of the new media on China's judicature, analyzes its formation mechanism, and puts forward some ways to promote the credibility of the judiciary. They are as follows: deepening the reform of the judicial system and adhering to the independence of the judiciary; actively applying the new media means to build an authoritative media platform; establishing a public opinion monitoring, study and response mechanism of the new media; adhering to the problem-oriented principle and improving the governance structure.
引文
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[2]钱伟刚.第四媒体的定义和特征[J].传媒评论,2000,(1).
[3]中国互联网络信息中心.第43次中国互联网络发展状况统计报告[EB/OL].http://cnnic.cn/gywm/xwzx/rdxw/20172017_7056/201902/t20190228_70643.htm,2019-2-28/2019-3-10.
[4]马歇尔·麦克卢汉.理解媒介:论人的延伸[M].何道宽,译.江苏:译林出版社,2019.
[5]王海燕,科林·斯巴克斯,黄煜.中国传统媒体新闻报道模式分析[J].国际新闻界,2017,(6).
[6]刘晨,陈建平.网络政治、群众路线与反腐体系的转型——以“杨达才案”为个案的考察[J].领导科学,2015,(26).
[7]丹宁勋爵.法律的正当程序[M].杨百揆,译.北京:法律出版社,2015.
[8]徐隽.司法大数据让公平正义看得见[N].人民日报,2018-5-2.
[9]赵建华,谭红.论司法公信力的属性[J].法律适用,2006,(12).
[10]匡文波.到底什么是新媒体?[J].新闻与写作,2012,(7).
[11]靳昊,刘华东.最高法发布2017年推动法治进程十大案件[N].光明日报,2018-2-2.
[12]胡翼青.后真相时代的传播——兼论专业新闻业的当下危机[J].西北师大学报(社会科学版),2017,(6).
[13]魏永征.新闻传播法教程[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,2013.
[14]人民网.陕西高院副院长谈药家鑫案:网络“审判”影响司法审判[EB/OL].http://legal.people.com.cn/GB/17352284.html,2012-3-12/2018-9-26.
[15]杨兴培.李昌奎案:本不应轻启刑事再审程序[J].东方法学,2011,(5).
[16]Soroush Vosoughi,Deb Roy,Sinan Aral.The spread of true and false news online[J].Science,2018,(359).
[17]塔西佗.塔西佗历史(珍藏本)[M].王以铸,崔妙因,译.北京:商务印书馆,2009.
[18]郭继文.从话语权视角谈和谐世界[J].前沿,2009,(10).
[19]Spivak.Can the Subaltern Speak?[M].UK:Macmillan Education,1988.
[20]陈伟球.新媒体时代话语权社会分配的调整[J].国际新闻界,2014,36(5).
[21]王俊秀.社会心态的结构和指标体系[J].社会心理学,2013,(2).
[22]王俊秀.当前值得注意的社会心态问题和倾向[J].中国党政干部论坛,2015,(5).
[23]古斯塔夫·勒庞.乌合之众[M].王浩宇,译.北京:北京联合出版公司,2016.
[24]孙笑侠.公案的民意、主题与信息对称[J].中国法学,2010,(3).
[25]景汉朝.传媒监督与司法独立的冲突与契合[J].现代法学,2002,(1).
[26]苏力.基层法院审判委员会制度的考察及思考[J].北大法律评论,1998,(2).
[27]刘琴.新闻职业道德与网络民粹主义的博弈——以“李某某强奸案”的传播为例[J].当代传播(汉文版),2014,(4).
[28]刘荣,高爽.新兴媒体与传统媒体融合转型的思考[J].决策与信息,2016,(10).
[29]罗纳德·德沃金.法律帝国[M].李常青,译.上海:上海三联书店,2006.
[30]人民网.别出心裁“旅行青蛙消防隐患图”[EB/OL].http://yuqing.people.com.cn/n1/2018/0130/c364056-29796131.html,2018-1-30/2018-5-6.
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[32]支振锋.庭审网络直播——司法公开的新型方式与中国范式[J].法律适用,2016,(10).
[33]丁力辛,史风琴,师海涛,李伟庆.三十八万网民见证执行风暴[N].人民法院报,2018-2-15.
[34]郭树合.检察“微直播”进入百姓朋友圈[N].检察日报,2017-3-27.
[35]张晶晶.为什么我们没有“新闻法”——反思我国新闻传播立法研究[J].政法论丛,2014.(1).
[36]高一飞.互联网时代的媒体与司法关系[J].中外法学,2016,(28).
[37]卢伟.李天一案的媒体攻防[J].青年记者,2013,(22).
[38]杨梦斯.网络新媒体时代公民媒介素养问题研究[J].西部学刊(新闻与传播),2016,(7).