矩形通道内低压自然循环压降型脉动及其复合型脉动可视化研究
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摘要
以去离子水为工质,对矩形通道内低压自然循环压降型脉动及其复合型脉动进行可视化实验研究,利用可视化手段拍摄脉动过程气相分布状态图像。通过流量脉动曲线与图像进行对照,分析流量脉动的物理过程及产生机理。实验过程中发现4类动态不稳定性:第Ⅰ类密度波(DWOⅠ)、压降型脉动(PDO)、复合型脉动(SPO)及第Ⅱ类密度波(DWOⅡ)。重点分析了压降型脉动与复合型脉动产生机理、影响因素及流动不稳定性边界。实验研究发现,受矩形通道挤压效应及稳压器内部可压缩空间影响,工质在稳压器和循环回路之间往复波动,形成压降型脉动,增大加热功率压降型脉动会叠加第Ⅱ类密度波形成复合型脉动。两类脉动的起始点会随入口过冷度增加呈现偏离趋势,并且压力增加,偏离趋势会随之增大。通过相变数、过冷度数等无量纲参数绘制了压降型脉动不稳定性边界。
With deionized water as working fluid, visualization technique was used to study pressure drop and superimposed oscillations of low pressure natural circulation in rectangular channel. Gas-phase distribution images captured during oscillation processes were compared with flow pulsation curve to assess physical process and mechanism of flow oscillation. Four types of dynamic instabilities were found in the study, i.e., density wave oscillation by gravity(DWOⅠ), pressure drop oscillation(PDO), superimposed oscillation(SPO), and density wave oscillation by friction(DWOⅡ). Due to squeezing effect of rectangular channel and compressible space limitation within surge tank, working fluid flew cyclically between surge tank and circulation circuit and generated pressure drop oscillation(PDO). With increase of heating power, superimposed oscillation was formed by overlapping PDO and DWOⅡ. The onset points of both oscillations tended to diverge with increase of inlet overcooling degree, and such diverging tendency enlarged when system pressure was increased. DPO instability boundary curve was plotted against dimensionless parameters, such as overcooling degree and phase change.
With deionized water as working fluid, visualization technique was used to study pressure drop and superimposed oscillations of low pressure natural circulation in rectangular channel. Gas-phase distribution images captured during oscillation processes were compared with flow pulsation curve to assess physical process and mechanism of flow oscillation. Four types of dynamic instabilities were found in the study, i.e., density wave oscillation by gravity(DWOⅠ), pressure drop oscillation(PDO), superimposed oscillation(SPO), and density wave oscillation by friction(DWOⅡ). Due to squeezing effect of rectangular channel and compressible space limitation within surge tank, working fluid flew cyclically between surge tank and circulation circuit and generated pressure drop oscillation(PDO). With increase of heating power, superimposed oscillation was formed by overlapping PDO and DWOⅡ. The onset points of both oscillations tended to diverge with increase of inlet overcooling degree, and such diverging tendency enlarged when system pressure was increased. DPO instability boundary curve was plotted against dimensionless parameters, such as overcooling degree and phase change.
引文
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[30]BRUTIN D,TOPIN F,TADRIST L.Experimental study of unsteady convective boiling in heated minichannels[J].International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer,2003,46:2957-2965.
[2]LEONARDO C R,CHRISTIAN P M.Two-phase flow instabilities:a review[J].International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer,2014,71:521-548.
[3]DING Y,KAKAQ S,CHEN X J.Dynamic instabilities of boiling two-phase flow in a single horizontal channel[J].Experimental and Thermal Fluid Science,1995,11:327-342.
[4]彭天骥,邱金荣,郭赟,等.欠热沸腾诱发自然循环不稳定性的研究[J].原子能科学技术,2013,47(3):381-390.PENG T J,QIU J R,GUO Y,et al.Study on instability of natural circulation induced by subcooled boiling[J].Atomic Energy Science and Technology,2013,47(3):381-390.
[5]GONELLA V P,MANMOHAN P.Review of research on flow instabilities in natural circulation boiling systems[J].Progress in Nuclear Energy,2007,49:429-451.
[6]KOMAKLI O,KARSLI S,YILMAZ M.Experimental investigation of two-phase flow instabilities in a horizontal in tube boiling system[J].Energy Conversion and Management,2002,43:249-268.
[7]KAKAC S,BON B.A review of two-phase flow dynamic instabilities in tube boiling system[J].International Journal Heat and Mass Transfer,2008,51:399-433.
[8]吴少融,贾海军,李怀萱,等.低压、低干度自然循环系统两相流动特性[J].核动力工程,1997,18(4):32-37.WU S R,JIA H J,LI H X.Two-phase flow characteristics of natural circulation system with low pressure and low dryness[J].Nuclear Power Engineering,1997,18(4):32-37.
[9]周涛,齐实,宋明强,等.窄矩形通道内低压两相自然循环流量漂移实验研究[J].核动力工程,2016,37(4):1-5.ZHOU T,QI S,SONG M Q,et al.Experimental study on flow excursion of two phase natural circulation under low pressure in narrow rectangular channel[J].Nuclear Power Engineering,2016,37(4):1-5.
[10]杨星团,姜胜耀,张佑杰.低压低干度自然循环流量漂移分析[J].核科学与工程,2002,22(1):1-6.YANG X T,JIANG S Y,ZHANG Y J.Analysis of ledinegg under natural circulation with low pressure and low dryness[J].Chinese Journal of Nuclear Science and Engineering,2002,22(1):1-6.
[11]LEE S Y,LEE D W.Linear analysis of flow instabilities in an open two-phase natural circulation loop[J].Nuclear Engineering and Design,1991,128(3):317-330.
[12]FURUYA M,INADA F,VAN DER HAGEN T H J J.Flashing induced density wave oscillations in a natural circulation BWR-mechanism of instability and stability map[J].Nuclear Engineering and Design,2005,235(15):1557-1569.
[13]谭思超,庞凤阁,高璞珍,等.低压两相自然循环流动不稳定实验研究[J].哈尔滨工程大学学报,2006,27(2):218-222.TAN S C,PANG F G,GAO P Z,et al.Experimental research on natural circulation two-phase flow instability under low pressure[J].Journal of Harbin Engineering University,2006,27(2):218-222.
[14]陈娟,周涛,齐实,等.矩形通道自然循环流动不稳定性实验研究[J].核动力工程,2017,38(2):51-55CHEN J,ZHOU T,QI S,et al.Experimental study of natural circulation flow instability in rectangle channels[J].Nuclear Engineering and Design,2017,38(2):1557-1569.
[15]NAYAK A K,VIJAYAN P K,SAHA D,et al.Analytical study of nuclear-coupled density wave instability in a natural circulation pressure tube type boiling water reactor[J].Nuclear Engineering and Design,2000,195:27-44.
[16]MANAVELA C E,FERNANDINO M,DORAO C A.Review on pressure drop oscillations in boiling systems[J].Nuclear Engineering and Design,2012,250:436-447.
[17]MANAVELA C E,FERNANDINO M,DORAO C A.Experimental study of pressure drop oscillations in parallel horizontal channels[J].International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow,2014,50:126-133.
[18]彭传新,陈炳德,卓文彬,等.两相自然循环系统压降振荡流动不稳定性起始点研究[J].核动力工程,2017,38(2):32-37.PENG C X,CHEN B D,ZHUO W B,et al.Research on onset of pressure drop oscillation flow instability in a two-phase natural circulation system[j].Nuclear Power Engineering,2017,38(2):32-37.
[19]马文昌,徐元辉.先进核动力反应堆[M].北京:原子能出版社,2001.MA W C,XU Y H.Advanced Nuclear Power Reactor[M].Beijing:Atom Energy Press,2001.
[20]吕书平.窄矩形通道中压降及自然循环流动不稳定特性研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2014.LüS P.Investigation of pressure drop and flow instability characteristics of natural circulation flow boiling in narrow rectangular channel[D].Chongqing:Chongqing University,2014.
[21]陈冲,高璞珍,谭思超,等.竖直窄矩形通道内环状流的流动传热特性[J].化工学报,2015,66(2):537-544.CHEN C,GAO P Z,TAN S C,et al.Flow and heat transfer characteristics of annual flow in vertical rectangular channel[J].CIESC Journal,2015,66(2);537-544
[22]刘宇生,许超,谭思超,等.窄矩形通道内脉动湍流流动特性实验研究[J].核安全,2017,16(2):56-62.LIU Y S,XU C,TAN S C,et al.Experimental study on flow characteristics of pulsating turbulent flow in rectangular channel[J].Nuclear Safety,2017,16(2):56-62.
[23]KANDLIKAR S G.Fundamental issues related to flow boiling in minichannels and microchannels[J].Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science,2002,26:389-407.
[24]TADRIST L.Review on two-phase flow instabilities in narrow spaces[J].International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow,2007,28:54-62.
[25]张炳雷,徐进良,肖泽军.低高宽比微通道中的流动沸腾不稳定性[J].化工学报,2007,58(7):1632-1640.ZHANG B L,XU J L,XIAO Z J.Flow boiling instability in microchannel with low aspect radio[J].Journal of Chemical Industry and Engineering(China),2007,58(7):1632-1640.
[26]ZHANG T J,PELES Y,JOHN T,et al.Analysis and active control of pressure-drop flow instabilities in boiling microchannel systems[J].International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer,2010,53:2347-2360.
[27]BERGLES A,KANDLIKAR S G.On the nature of critical heat flux in microchannels[J].Heat Transfer.Trans.ASME,2004,127:101-107.
[28]刘亮,张妍,幸奠川,等.一种特殊的非对称加热矩形通道临界热流密度实验研究[J].核动力工程,2016,37(S2):116-121.LIU L,ZHANG Y,XING D C,et al.Experimental study on critical heat flux of rectangular channel under condition of single plate heater[J].Nuclear Power Engineering,2016,37(S2):116-121.
[29]BUYEVICH Y A,NATLUKHA I A.Self-oscillating regimes of nucleate transition and film boiling[J].International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer,1996,39:2363-2373.
[30]BRUTIN D,TOPIN F,TADRIST L.Experimental study of unsteady convective boiling in heated minichannels[J].International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer,2003,46:2957-2965.