共享经济理论演进、发展与前沿
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摘要
共享经济随着Uber、Airbnb的成功而得到迅速扩散,正以不可阻挡的态势发展成一种新的经济形态,国内外相关学者也开始对这一新经济现象进行关注。对国内外共享经济的研究文献进行了系统的梳理。首先将共享经济的发展逻辑与动因进行归纳,发现经济动机、环境意识、社会因素和技术因素四方面共同推动了共享经济的形成。在此基础上,对共享经济这一概念进行解析与比较,归纳出三种特质:具有未充分利用的资源、大量分散的群体或个人进行有效率的交易、依托互联网技术平台。结合理论研究与实践现状总结出其发展遵循的基本模式,在其中提出一个效率——质量二维模型作为共享资源划分方法。其后对共享经济影响研究进行梳理,发现正负两面影响皆存在。最后对未来共享经济的研究方向进行展望,认为未来在相关实证性验证、引发的社会成本问题、资源共享的质量与效率研究、社会公平性、政府政策制定方向等问题上都需要进一步的研究。
The sharing economy extends quickly with the success of Uber and Airbnb and is developping into a new economic form with an irresistible trend. This paper systematically reviews the domestic and international research literature on the sharing economy. First,this paper sums up the logic and motivation of the sharing economy,finding that economic motivation,environmental awareness,social factors and technical factors jointly promote the formation of it. Second,the concept of the sharing economy is analyzed and three characteristics are summarized which includes underutilized resources,large numbers of dispersed groups or individuals conducting efficient transactions,and internet technology platforms. Combining the theoretical research and practice,this paper summarizes a basic model of the sharing economy development,and proposes a two-dimensional model considering both efficiency and quality as a method for dividing shared resources. Subsequently,the sharing economy impact research is sorted out,finding that both positive and negative effects exist. Third,the future of the research direction is forecasted. It is believed that the following issues should be extended: relating empirical verification,social cost issues,quality and efficiency of resource sharing,social equity,and government policy formulation.
The sharing economy extends quickly with the success of Uber and Airbnb and is developping into a new economic form with an irresistible trend. This paper systematically reviews the domestic and international research literature on the sharing economy. First,this paper sums up the logic and motivation of the sharing economy,finding that economic motivation,environmental awareness,social factors and technical factors jointly promote the formation of it. Second,the concept of the sharing economy is analyzed and three characteristics are summarized which includes underutilized resources,large numbers of dispersed groups or individuals conducting efficient transactions,and internet technology platforms. Combining the theoretical research and practice,this paper summarizes a basic model of the sharing economy development,and proposes a two-dimensional model considering both efficiency and quality as a method for dividing shared resources. Subsequently,the sharing economy impact research is sorted out,finding that both positive and negative effects exist. Third,the future of the research direction is forecasted. It is believed that the following issues should be extended: relating empirical verification,social cost issues,quality and efficiency of resource sharing,social equity,and government policy formulation.
引文
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[33]Botsman R.The Sharing Economy Lacks A Shared Definition[J].2013.
[34]Lamberton C P,Rose R L.When is Ours Better than Mine?A Framework for Understanding and Altering Participation in Commercial Sharing Systems[J].Social Science Electronic Publishing.2012,76(4):109-125.
[35]Mair J,Reischauer G.Capturing the dynamics of the sharing economy:Institutional research on the plural forms and practices of sharing economy organizations[J].Technological Forecasting&Social Change.2017,125.
[36]Frenken K,Schor J.Putting the sharing economy into perspective[J].Environmental Innovation&Societal Transitions.2017.
[37]Koopman C,Mitchell M D,Thierer A D.The Sharing Economy:Issues Facing Platforms,Participants,and Regulators[J].Social Science Electronic Publishing.2015.
[38]Belk R.Sharing Versus Pseudo-Sharing in Web 2.0[J].Anthropologist.2014,18(1):7-23.
[39]Belk R.You are what you can access:Sharing and collaborative consumption online[J].Journal of Business Research.2014,67(8):1595-1600.
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[41]Teece D J.Business Models,Business Strategy and Innovation[J].Long Range Planning.2010,43(2):172-194.
[42]Schor J B,Fitzmaurice C J.Collaborating and connecting:The emergence of the sharing economy[J].2015.
[43]马化腾.《分享经济:供给侧改革的新经济方案》[J].时代风采,2016,(14):32.
[44]Schor J.Debating the Sharing Economy[J].2014.
[45]Stokes K,Clarence E,Anderson L,et al.MAKING SENSE OF THE UK COLLABORATIVE ECONOMY[J].2014.
[46]郑志来.共享经济的成因、内涵与商业模式研究[J].现代经济探讨,2016,(03):32-36.
[47]朱富强.共享经济的现代发展及其潜在问题:以共享单车为例的分析[J].南方经济,2017,(07):37-50.
[48]Acquier A,Daudigeos T,Pinkse J.Promises and paradoxes of the sharing economy:An organizing framework[J].Technological Forecasting&Social Change.2017,125.
[49]Mu1oz P,Cohen B.Mapping out the sharing economy:A configurational approach to sharing business modeling[J].Technological Forecasting&Social Change.2017,125.
[50]Schor J B,Fitzmaurice C,Carfagna L B,et al.Paradoxes of openness and distinction in the sharing economy[J].Poetics.2016,54(7):66-81.
[51]Kathan W,Matzler K,Veider V.The sharing economy:Your business model's friend or foe?[J].Business Horizons.2016,59(6):663-672.
[52]卢现祥.共享经济:交易成本最小化、制度变革与制度供给[J].社会科学战线,2016,(09):51-61.
[53]刘蕾,鄢章华.共享经济——从“去中介化”到“再中介化”的被动创新[J].科技进步与对策,2017,(07):14-20.
[54]Garcia H.Consumption 2.0[J].The Futurist.2013,47(1):6.
[55]Quinones A,Augustine A.U.S.|Technology and Trust:How the Sharing Economy is Changing Consumer Behavior[J].US Banking Watch.2015.
[56]Bucher E,Fieseler C,Lutz C.What's mine is yours(for a nominal fee)–Exploring the spectrum of utilitarian to altruistic motives for Internet-mediated sharing[J].Computers in Human Behavior.2016,62(C):316-326.
[57]Zervas G,Proserpio D,Byers J.The Rise of the Sharing Economy:Estimating the Impact of Airbnb on the Hotel Industry[J].Social Science Electronic Publishing.2016.
[58]Sundararajan A.Peer-to-peer businesses and the sharing(collaborative)economy:Overview,economic effects and regulatory issues[J].Written testimony for the hearing titled The Power of Connection:Peer to Peer Businesses.2014.
[59]陈健,龚晓莺.共享经济发展的困境与突破[J].江西社会科学,2017,(03):47-54.
[60]Fraiberger S P,Sundararajan A.Peer-to-Peer Rental Markets in the Sharing Economy[J].Social Science Electronic Publishing.2015.
[61]Frenken K.Political economies and environmental futures for the sharing economy[J].Innovation Studies Utrecht Working Paper.2017,375(2095):20160367.
[62]Schor J B,Attwood-Charles,Wengronowitz R,et al.Does the Sharing Economy Increase Inequality Within the Eighty Percent?:Findings from a Qualitative Study of Platform Providers[J].Cambridge Journal of Regions Economy&Society.2017,10.
[63]史蒂文·希尔.经济奇点——共享经济、创造性破坏与未来社会[M].北京:中信出版社,2017.
[64]Chen T D,Kockelman K M.Carsharing’s life-cycle impacts on energy use and greenhouse gas emissions[J].Transportation Research Part D Transport&Environment.2016,47:276-284.
[65]Prothero A,Dobscha S,Freund J,et al.Sustainable Consumption:Opportunities for Consumer Research and Public Policy[J].Journal of Public Policy&Marketing.2011,30(1):31-38.
[66]Mont O.Institutionalisation of sustainable consumption patterns based on shared use[J].Ecological Economics.2004,49(1):135-153.
[67]Fitzmaurice C J,Ladegaard I,Attwood-Charles W.Domesticating the market:moral exchange and the sharing economy[J].Socio-Economic Review.2016.
[68]Parigi P,Dakhlallah D,Corten R,et al.A Community of Strangers:The Dis-Embedding of Social Ties[J].Plos One.2013,8(7):e67388.
[69]Edelman B G,Luca M.Digital Discrimination:The Case of Airbnb.com[J].Harvard Business School Working Papers.2014.
[70]Edelman B,Luca M,Svirsky D.Racial Discrimination in the Sharing Economy:Evidence from a Field Experiment[J].American Economic Journal Applied Economics.2015,9(2):1-22.
[71]Ge Y,Knittel C R,Mackenzie D,et al.Racial and Gender Discrimination in Transportation Network Companies[J].Nber Working Papers.2016.
[72]Koopman C,Mitchell M D,Thierer A D.The Sharing Economy and Consumer Protection Regulation:The Case for Policy Change[J].Social Science Electronic Publishing.2014.
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[2]中国政府网.政府工作报告(全文)[Z].2017.
[3]蔡朝林.共享经济的兴起与政府监管创新[J].南方经济,2017,(03):99-105.
[4]Felson M,Spaeth J.Community Structure and Collaborative Consumption[J].American Behavioral Scientist.1978,21(4):614-624.
[5]Weitzman M.The share economy:conquering stagflation[M].Harvard University Press,1984.
[6]代明,姜寒,程磊.分享经济理论发展动态——纪念威茨曼《分享经济》出版30周年[J].经济学动态,2014,(07):106-114.
[7]吴晓隽,沈嘉斌.分享经济内涵及其引申[J].改革,2015,(12):52-60.
[8]郑志来.共享经济的成因、内涵与商业模式研究[J].现代经济探讨,2016,(03):32-36.
[9]Gansky L.The Mesh:Why the Future of Business Is Sharing[M].Portfolio Trade,2012.
[10]谢新水,刘晓天.共享经济的迷雾:丛生、真假及规制分歧[J].江苏大学学报(社会科学版),2017,(04):1-8.
[11]Bardhi F,Eckhardt G M.Access-Based Consumption:The Case of Car Sharing[J].Journal of Consumer Research.2012,39(4):881-898.
[12]Moeller S,Wittkowski K.The burdens of ownership:reasons for preferring renting[J].Journal of Service Theory&Practice.2010,20(2):176-191.
[13]张玉明等.共享经济学[M].北京:科学出版社,2017.
[14]刘根荣.共享经济:传统经济模式的颠覆者[J].经济学家,2017,(05):97-104.
[15]Piscicelli L,Cooper T,Fisher T.The role of values in collaborative consumption[C].2014.
[16]Hamari J,Sj9klint M,Ukkonen A.The sharing economy:Why people participate in collaborative consumption[J].Journal of the Association for Information Science&Technology.2015,67(9):2047-2059.
[17]Tussyadiah I P.Factors of satisfaction and intention to use peer-to-peer accommodation[J].International Journal of Hospitality Management.2016,55:70-80.
[18]李飞翔,谭舒.共享经济现象背后的四维伦理反思及启示[J].科技进步与对策,2018,(01):21-27.
[19]B9cker L,Meelen T.Sharing for people,planet or profit?Analysing motivations for intended sharing economy participation[J].Environmental Innovation&Societal Transitions.2016,16.
[20]Tussyadiah I P.An Exploratory Study on Drivers and Deterrents of Collaborative Consumptionin Travel[M].Springer International Publishing,2015:817-830.
[21]杰里米·里夫金.零边际成本社会[M].北京:中信出版社,2014.
[22]Schaefers T,Lawson S J,Kukar-Kinney M.How the burdens of ownership promote consumer usage of access-based services[J].Marketing Letters.2016,27(3):569-577.
[23]Fremstad A F.Essays on Information,Income,and the Sharing Economy[J].2015.
[24]Schor J.Debating the Sharing Economy[J].2014.
[25]李文明,吕福玉.分享经济起源与实态考证[J].改革,2015,(12):42-51.
[26]计海庆,成素梅.分享经济的STS探源[J].自然辩证法研究,2016,(07):113-117.
[27]Gansky L.The Mesh:Why the Future of Business Is Sharing[M].Portfolio Trade,2012.
[28]罗宾·蔡斯.共享经济:重构未来商业新模式[M].杭州:浙江人民出版社,2015.
[29]Scholz T.Platform Cooperativism vs.the Sharing Economy[J].2014.
[30]Wosskow D.Unlocking the sharing economy:An independent review[J].2014.
[31]Orlikowski W J,Scott S V.What Happens When Evaluation Goes Online?Exploring Apparatuses of Valuation in the Travel Sector[J].Organization Science.2013,25(3):868-891.
[32]Stokes K,Clarence E,Anderson L,et al.Making Sense of the Uk Collaborative Economy[J].2014.
[33]Botsman R.The Sharing Economy Lacks A Shared Definition[J].2013.
[34]Lamberton C P,Rose R L.When is Ours Better than Mine?A Framework for Understanding and Altering Participation in Commercial Sharing Systems[J].Social Science Electronic Publishing.2012,76(4):109-125.
[35]Mair J,Reischauer G.Capturing the dynamics of the sharing economy:Institutional research on the plural forms and practices of sharing economy organizations[J].Technological Forecasting&Social Change.2017,125.
[36]Frenken K,Schor J.Putting the sharing economy into perspective[J].Environmental Innovation&Societal Transitions.2017.
[37]Koopman C,Mitchell M D,Thierer A D.The Sharing Economy:Issues Facing Platforms,Participants,and Regulators[J].Social Science Electronic Publishing.2015.
[38]Belk R.Sharing Versus Pseudo-Sharing in Web 2.0[J].Anthropologist.2014,18(1):7-23.
[39]Belk R.You are what you can access:Sharing and collaborative consumption online[J].Journal of Business Research.2014,67(8):1595-1600.
[40]Allen D,Berg C.The sharing economy:How over-regulation could destroy an economic revolution[J].2014.
[41]Teece D J.Business Models,Business Strategy and Innovation[J].Long Range Planning.2010,43(2):172-194.
[42]Schor J B,Fitzmaurice C J.Collaborating and connecting:The emergence of the sharing economy[J].2015.
[43]马化腾.《分享经济:供给侧改革的新经济方案》[J].时代风采,2016,(14):32.
[44]Schor J.Debating the Sharing Economy[J].2014.
[45]Stokes K,Clarence E,Anderson L,et al.MAKING SENSE OF THE UK COLLABORATIVE ECONOMY[J].2014.
[46]郑志来.共享经济的成因、内涵与商业模式研究[J].现代经济探讨,2016,(03):32-36.
[47]朱富强.共享经济的现代发展及其潜在问题:以共享单车为例的分析[J].南方经济,2017,(07):37-50.
[48]Acquier A,Daudigeos T,Pinkse J.Promises and paradoxes of the sharing economy:An organizing framework[J].Technological Forecasting&Social Change.2017,125.
[49]Mu1oz P,Cohen B.Mapping out the sharing economy:A configurational approach to sharing business modeling[J].Technological Forecasting&Social Change.2017,125.
[50]Schor J B,Fitzmaurice C,Carfagna L B,et al.Paradoxes of openness and distinction in the sharing economy[J].Poetics.2016,54(7):66-81.
[51]Kathan W,Matzler K,Veider V.The sharing economy:Your business model's friend or foe?[J].Business Horizons.2016,59(6):663-672.
[52]卢现祥.共享经济:交易成本最小化、制度变革与制度供给[J].社会科学战线,2016,(09):51-61.
[53]刘蕾,鄢章华.共享经济——从“去中介化”到“再中介化”的被动创新[J].科技进步与对策,2017,(07):14-20.
[54]Garcia H.Consumption 2.0[J].The Futurist.2013,47(1):6.
[55]Quinones A,Augustine A.U.S.|Technology and Trust:How the Sharing Economy is Changing Consumer Behavior[J].US Banking Watch.2015.
[56]Bucher E,Fieseler C,Lutz C.What's mine is yours(for a nominal fee)–Exploring the spectrum of utilitarian to altruistic motives for Internet-mediated sharing[J].Computers in Human Behavior.2016,62(C):316-326.
[57]Zervas G,Proserpio D,Byers J.The Rise of the Sharing Economy:Estimating the Impact of Airbnb on the Hotel Industry[J].Social Science Electronic Publishing.2016.
[58]Sundararajan A.Peer-to-peer businesses and the sharing(collaborative)economy:Overview,economic effects and regulatory issues[J].Written testimony for the hearing titled The Power of Connection:Peer to Peer Businesses.2014.
[59]陈健,龚晓莺.共享经济发展的困境与突破[J].江西社会科学,2017,(03):47-54.
[60]Fraiberger S P,Sundararajan A.Peer-to-Peer Rental Markets in the Sharing Economy[J].Social Science Electronic Publishing.2015.
[61]Frenken K.Political economies and environmental futures for the sharing economy[J].Innovation Studies Utrecht Working Paper.2017,375(2095):20160367.
[62]Schor J B,Attwood-Charles,Wengronowitz R,et al.Does the Sharing Economy Increase Inequality Within the Eighty Percent?:Findings from a Qualitative Study of Platform Providers[J].Cambridge Journal of Regions Economy&Society.2017,10.
[63]史蒂文·希尔.经济奇点——共享经济、创造性破坏与未来社会[M].北京:中信出版社,2017.
[64]Chen T D,Kockelman K M.Carsharing’s life-cycle impacts on energy use and greenhouse gas emissions[J].Transportation Research Part D Transport&Environment.2016,47:276-284.
[65]Prothero A,Dobscha S,Freund J,et al.Sustainable Consumption:Opportunities for Consumer Research and Public Policy[J].Journal of Public Policy&Marketing.2011,30(1):31-38.
[66]Mont O.Institutionalisation of sustainable consumption patterns based on shared use[J].Ecological Economics.2004,49(1):135-153.
[67]Fitzmaurice C J,Ladegaard I,Attwood-Charles W.Domesticating the market:moral exchange and the sharing economy[J].Socio-Economic Review.2016.
[68]Parigi P,Dakhlallah D,Corten R,et al.A Community of Strangers:The Dis-Embedding of Social Ties[J].Plos One.2013,8(7):e67388.
[69]Edelman B G,Luca M.Digital Discrimination:The Case of Airbnb.com[J].Harvard Business School Working Papers.2014.
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