山东省乡村旅游竞争力评价与障碍因素分析
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摘要
以山东省17地市为研究对象,构建乡村旅游竞争力主要指标评价体系,运用熵权TOPSIS法进行比较排序,并进行障碍度分析,发现:1山东省17地市乡村旅游发展不平衡,烟台市乡村旅游竞争力最高,东营、菏泽、德州、聊城的竞争力较低;各地市竞争力水平空间分布具有差异性,半岛沿海地区乡村旅游竞争力较高,鲁西及鲁北地区竞争力较低;2乡村旅游接待与服务能力是制约大部分地市乡村旅游竞争力提升的第一障碍因素,资源禀赋、自然环境、经济基础及客源市场条件在不同程度上制约各地市乡村旅游竞争力的提高。各地市应采取针对性的措施解决乡村旅游发展的障碍因素,推动乡村旅游合理有序发展。
Rural tourism is a new kind of industries in rural areas. It is of great significance to increase farmers' income, promote the adjustment of rural industrial structure, achieve poverty alleviation, realizes the country revitalization etc. The rapid development of rural tourism has brought a series of problems, such as vicious competition, similar products, environmental pollution. Taking 17 cities of Shandong Province as the research object, this article evaluates the competitiveness of rural tourism rural tourism development level and analyzes the degree of obstacles to make suggestion on the development of rural tourism in this region. Based on the theoretical analysis of the development of the rural tourism, this article constructs the main index evaluation system of rural tourism competitiveness. The evaluation system mainly includes rural tourism resources conditions, environment condition, economic conditions, social conditions and the tourist marketing conditions,which consists of a total 12 factors. The TOPSIS method is used to measure the level of rural tourism competitiveness. Then reveal the factors that hinder the improvement of the competitiveness of rural tourism in this region by using the Obstacle Degree Model(calculating factor contribution, index deviation and obstacle respectively). First, the development level of rural tourism in 17 cities is not balanced. Among them, the highest scores of 0.582 8, the lowest was 0.175 0. The competitiveness of Yantai is the highest, while the competitiveness of Heze, Dongying, Dezhou and Liaocheng is the lowest. Second, there are differences in the competitiveness of cities in the regions. The competitiveness of rural tourism in the eastern is high, with Low competitiveness in the western and northern areas of Shandong Province. Third, the Obstacle Degree Model results show that the tourist reception capacity is the common factors that hinder the improvement of the competitiveness of rural tourism in Shandong Province. Furthermore, the obstacle factors are different between cities. All localities and municipalities in Shandong Province should make efforts to solve the restrictive factors of enhancing the competitiveness of rural tourism and realize the rational and orderly development of rural tourism. Each city should continuously optimize the industrial structure, improve the economic development level, rationally and effectively improve the proportion of the tourism industry in GDP. Government should give full play to the level and ability of the financial and public services, increase the investment in rural tourism infrastructure. In particular, government should guide and rationally support the creation of star farm, improve the reception capacity of rural tourism and solve the biggest obstacle to the development of rural tourism.
Rural tourism is a new kind of industries in rural areas. It is of great significance to increase farmers' income, promote the adjustment of rural industrial structure, achieve poverty alleviation, realizes the country revitalization etc. The rapid development of rural tourism has brought a series of problems, such as vicious competition, similar products, environmental pollution. Taking 17 cities of Shandong Province as the research object, this article evaluates the competitiveness of rural tourism rural tourism development level and analyzes the degree of obstacles to make suggestion on the development of rural tourism in this region. Based on the theoretical analysis of the development of the rural tourism, this article constructs the main index evaluation system of rural tourism competitiveness. The evaluation system mainly includes rural tourism resources conditions, environment condition, economic conditions, social conditions and the tourist marketing conditions,which consists of a total 12 factors. The TOPSIS method is used to measure the level of rural tourism competitiveness. Then reveal the factors that hinder the improvement of the competitiveness of rural tourism in this region by using the Obstacle Degree Model(calculating factor contribution, index deviation and obstacle respectively). First, the development level of rural tourism in 17 cities is not balanced. Among them, the highest scores of 0.582 8, the lowest was 0.175 0. The competitiveness of Yantai is the highest, while the competitiveness of Heze, Dongying, Dezhou and Liaocheng is the lowest. Second, there are differences in the competitiveness of cities in the regions. The competitiveness of rural tourism in the eastern is high, with Low competitiveness in the western and northern areas of Shandong Province. Third, the Obstacle Degree Model results show that the tourist reception capacity is the common factors that hinder the improvement of the competitiveness of rural tourism in Shandong Province. Furthermore, the obstacle factors are different between cities. All localities and municipalities in Shandong Province should make efforts to solve the restrictive factors of enhancing the competitiveness of rural tourism and realize the rational and orderly development of rural tourism. Each city should continuously optimize the industrial structure, improve the economic development level, rationally and effectively improve the proportion of the tourism industry in GDP. Government should give full play to the level and ability of the financial and public services, increase the investment in rural tourism infrastructure. In particular, government should guide and rationally support the creation of star farm, improve the reception capacity of rural tourism and solve the biggest obstacle to the development of rural tourism.
引文
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[21]何成军,李晓琴,银元.休闲农业与美丽乡村耦合度评价指标体系构建及应用[J].地域研究与开发,2016,35(5):158-162.[He Chengjun, Li Xiaoqin, Yin Yuan. Construction and application of the evaluation index system of the coupling degree between the leisure agriculture and the beautiful countryside. Areal Research and Development,2016,35(5):158-162.]
[22]李静, Philip L Pearce,吴必虎,等.雾霾对来京旅游者风险感知及旅游体验的影响—基于结构方程模型的中外旅游者对比研究[J].旅游学刊,2015,30(10):48-59.[Li Jing, Philip L Perace, Wu Bihu et al. The impact of smog on risk perception and satisfaction of international and domestic tourists in Beijing.Tourism Tribune, 2015,30(10):48-59.]
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(1)中国休闲农业和乡村旅游大会.2017-4-12.浙江湖州安吉.
[2]卢小丽,成宇行,王立伟.国内外乡村旅游研究热点——近20年文献回顾资源[J].资源科学, 2014, 36(1):200-204.[Lu Xiaoli, Cheng Yuhang, Wang Liwei:20 Years of rural tourism.Resources Science,2014,36(1):200-204.]
[3] Saxena G, Clark G, Oliver T. Conceptualizing integrated rural tourism[J]. Tourism Geographies,2007,9(4):347-370.
[4] Cartner W C. Rural tourism development in the USA[J]. International Journal of Tourism Research,2004,6(3):151-164.
[5] Briedenhann J, Wickenes E. Rural tourism-meeting the challenges of the new South Africa[J]. International Journal of Tourism Research,2004,6(3):189-203.
[6]林源源.国外农业旅游的运行经验及启示[J].农业经济问题,2009(12):101-103.[Lin Yuanyuan. The experience and enlightenment of the operation of foreign agricultural tourism. Issues in Agricultural Economy,2009(12):101-103.]
[7]彭顺生.中国乡村旅游现状与发展对策[J].扬州大学学报(人文社会科学版), 2016, 20(1):94-98.[Peng Shunsheng. Rural tourism:Achievenment challenge and development strategy.Journal of Yangzhou University(Humanities&Social Science),2016,20(1):94-98.]
[8]周建明,蔡晓霞,宋涛.试论我国乡村旅游标准化发展历程及体系架构[J].旅游学刊,2011,26(2):58-64.[Zhou Jianming, Cai Xiaoxia, Song Tao. On the development course and system framework of China’s rural tourism standardization. Tourism Tribune,2011,26(2):58-64.]
[9]叶莉,陈修谦.基于旅游竞争力评价的中国与东盟国家旅游贸易互动分析[J].经济地理, 2013,33(12):177-181.[Ye Li,Chen Xiuqian. Analysis on interaction of tourism trade between China and ASEAN countries:Based on evaluation on tourism competitiveness. Economic Geography, 2013,33(12):177-181.]
[10]方叶林,黄震方.2001年以来省域旅游竞争力的时空演化分析[J].长江流域资源与环境, 2013, 22(Z1):11-17.[Fang Yelin,Huang Zhenfang. Temporal and spatial analysis of provincial tourism competitiveness since 2001. Resources and environment in the Yangtze Basin,2013,22(Z1):11-17.]
[11]周礼,蒋金亮.长三角城市旅游竞争力综合评价及其空间分异[J].经济地理, 2015,35(1):173-179.[Zhou Li, Jiang Jinliang.Comprehensive evaluation of urban tourism competitiveness in the Yangtze River delta and its spatial patterns analysis. Economic Geography,2015,35(1):173-179.]
[12]麻学峰,刘雨婧.张家界旅游竞争力时空演变及结构协调性与合理性[J].统计与信息论坛,2015,30(9):81-88.[Ma Xuefeng, Liu Yujing. Spatial and temporal patterns and structure coordination, ratiomality evolution of Zhangjiajie tourism competition. Statistic&Information Forum,2015,30(9):81-88.]
[13]时雨晴,钟林生,陈田.中国陆地边境县域旅游竞争力评价[J].资源科学, 2014,36(6):1133-1141.[Shi Yuqing, Zhong Linsheng, Chen Tian. Evaluation of border tourism competitiveness at the county level in China. Resources Science, 2014, 36(6):1133-1141.]
[14]曹辉,陈秋华.福建省乡村旅游产业潜力和竞争力分析研究[J].林业经济问题,2007,27(3):210-216.[Cao Hui, Chen Qiuhua. Analysis on the potential and competitiveness of rural tourism industry in Fujian province. Problems of Forestry Economic,2007,27(3):240-216.]
[15]吴素珍.北京乡村旅游竞争力研究[D].北京:北京工商大学,2010.[Wu Suzhen. The study of competitiveness of Beijing rural tourism. Beijing:Beijing Technology and Business University,2010.]
[16]孟秀红,于晓晶.苏州乡村旅游竞争力研究[J].华东经济管理, 2013, 27(10):30-33.[Meng Xiuhong,Yu Xiaojing. A study on competitiveness of Suzhou rural tourism. East China Economic Management,2013,27(10):30-33.]
[17]赵伟,李子蓉,李蕊蕊,等.福建省县域乡村旅游竞争力评价[J].中国农业资源与区划,2017,38(3):183-190.[Zhao Wei, Li Zirong, Li Ruirui et al. Research on county rural tourism competitive ability in Fujian province. Chinese Journal of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, 2017, 38(3):183-190.]
[18]胡宇娜,梅林,刘继生.县域乡村旅游竞争力评价指标体系构建及类型区划研究——烟台市12个县城单元为例[J].山东农业大学报(社会科学版),2015,36(6):104-111.[Hu Yuna, Mei Lin, Liu Jisheng. The establishment of evaluation system for the county rural tourism competitiveness and analysis of region variance:A case study of 12 counties in Yantai. Journal of Shandong Agricultural University(Social Science Edition), 2015, 36(6):104-111.]
[19]郭焕成,韩非.中国乡村旅游发展综述[J].地理科学进展,2010,29(12):1597-1605.[Guo Huancheng, Han Fei. Review on the development of rural tourism in China. Progress in Geography,2010,29(12):1597-1605.]
[20]李涛,朱鹤,刘家明,等.江苏省乡村旅游产业发展水平及空间差异分析[J].地域研究与开发, 2017, 36(3):86-91.[Li Tao,Zhu He, Liu Jiaming et al. Empirical analysis on the level of development and spatial difference of rural tourism industry in Jiangsu province. Areal Research and Development, 2017, 36(3):86-91.]
[21]何成军,李晓琴,银元.休闲农业与美丽乡村耦合度评价指标体系构建及应用[J].地域研究与开发,2016,35(5):158-162.[He Chengjun, Li Xiaoqin, Yin Yuan. Construction and application of the evaluation index system of the coupling degree between the leisure agriculture and the beautiful countryside. Areal Research and Development,2016,35(5):158-162.]
[22]李静, Philip L Pearce,吴必虎,等.雾霾对来京旅游者风险感知及旅游体验的影响—基于结构方程模型的中外旅游者对比研究[J].旅游学刊,2015,30(10):48-59.[Li Jing, Philip L Perace, Wu Bihu et al. The impact of smog on risk perception and satisfaction of international and domestic tourists in Beijing.Tourism Tribune, 2015,30(10):48-59.]
[23]张晨,高峻,丁培毅.雾霾天气对潜在海外游客来华意愿的影响—基于目的地形象和风险感知理论[J].旅游学刊,2017,32(12):58-67.[Zhang Chen, Gao Jun, Ding Peiyi. Impacts of haze on the intention to visit china of overseas tourists:Based on destination image and risk perception theories. Tourism Tribune,2017, 32(12):58-67.]
[24]杨望暾,张阳,郭威,等.陕西省乡村旅游客源市场定位与预测分析[J].湖北农业科学, 2013,52(7):1698-1701.[Yang Wangtun, Zhang Yang, Guo Wei et al. Analysis on tourist market orientation and forecasting of rural tourism in Shaanxi province.Hubei Agriculture Sciences, 2013,52(7):1698-1701.]
[25]董正秀,周晓平.苏南地区乡村旅游客源市场分析与营销策略[J].华东经济管理,2010,24(12):1-4.[Dong Zhengxiu, Zhou Xiaoping. Analysis of tourists source market and marketing strategy of rural tourism in southern Jiangsu province. East China Economic Management,2010,24(12):1-4.]
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