高速列车外风挡安装间距对风挡气动特性的影响
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摘要
为探明空气动力作用下,高速列车外风挡与车体外表面安装间距对风挡气动特性的影响规律,采用三维、定常、不可压缩雷诺时均R-S方程和RNG k-ε双方程湍流模型数值算法,对0,10,20和30 mm不同安装间距的三车编组半包式外风挡高速动车组进行数值模拟,列车明线运行速度等级为350 km/h。研究结果表明:安装间距对于风挡受侧向力影响较大,尤其是橡胶弧顶与来流相对的外风挡所受侧向力与安装间距成二次函数关系,安装间距30 mm的外风挡受侧向力最大为785N;安装间距对外风挡所受阻力、升力的影响较小,橡胶弧顶相对的两块外风挡阻力方向相反,外风挡气动升力均为负升力且最大为62N;安装间距导致外风挡表面压力分布呈现规律性变化,将外风挡表面气动压力映射到有限元计算模型上,分析不同安装间距下气动载荷作用对外风挡结构变形与应力的影响。本文研究结果可对外风挡结构强度与优化设计,以及安装位置精度要求提供指导。
To verify the influence of the aerodynamic force on the aerodynamic characteristics of the vestibule diaphragm, the three-dimensional, steady-state, incompressible Reynolds time-averaged RS equation and RNG k-εtwo-equation turbulence model numerical algorithm were used to simulate the aerodynamic characteristics of the vestibule diaphragm. The numerical simulation of the three-car marshalling half-covering type external vestibule diaphragm high-speed EMUs with different installation spacings of 0, 10, 20 and 30 mm was carried out, and the speed of the train running in the open air was 350 km/h. The results show that the installation spacing has a great influence on the lateral force of the vestibule diaphragm, especially the lateral force for external vestibule diaphragm of which the rubber arc top relative to the incoming wind flow, is quadratic dependent on the installation spacing,The maximal lateral force is 785 N with a spacing of 30 mm; the installation spacing has a little influence on the drag and lift force of the external vestibule diaphragm; the drag of the two external vestibule diaphragm which is symmetric about the rubber arc top is in the opposite direction, and the external aerodynamic lifting force is negative and the maximum is 62 N; The installation spacing causes a regular change in the pressure distribution on the outer vestibule diaphragm surface. The surface pneumatic pressure of the vestibule diaphragm is mapped to the finite element calculation model. The effect of aerodynamic loads on the deformation and stress of the vestibule diaphragm structure under different installation spacings is analyzed. The results of this study can provide guidance on the strength and optimal design of the external vestibule diaphragm structure, as well as the accuracy requirements of the installation position.
To verify the influence of the aerodynamic force on the aerodynamic characteristics of the vestibule diaphragm, the three-dimensional, steady-state, incompressible Reynolds time-averaged RS equation and RNG k-εtwo-equation turbulence model numerical algorithm were used to simulate the aerodynamic characteristics of the vestibule diaphragm. The numerical simulation of the three-car marshalling half-covering type external vestibule diaphragm high-speed EMUs with different installation spacings of 0, 10, 20 and 30 mm was carried out, and the speed of the train running in the open air was 350 km/h. The results show that the installation spacing has a great influence on the lateral force of the vestibule diaphragm, especially the lateral force for external vestibule diaphragm of which the rubber arc top relative to the incoming wind flow, is quadratic dependent on the installation spacing,The maximal lateral force is 785 N with a spacing of 30 mm; the installation spacing has a little influence on the drag and lift force of the external vestibule diaphragm; the drag of the two external vestibule diaphragm which is symmetric about the rubber arc top is in the opposite direction, and the external aerodynamic lifting force is negative and the maximum is 62 N; The installation spacing causes a regular change in the pressure distribution on the outer vestibule diaphragm surface. The surface pneumatic pressure of the vestibule diaphragm is mapped to the finite element calculation model. The effect of aerodynamic loads on the deformation and stress of the vestibule diaphragm structure under different installation spacings is analyzed. The results of this study can provide guidance on the strength and optimal design of the external vestibule diaphragm structure, as well as the accuracy requirements of the installation position.
引文
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[10]杨加寿,蒋崇文,高振勋,等.车厢间风挡形式对高速列车气动性能的影响[J].铁道学报,2012,34(11):29-35.YANG Jiashou,JIANG Chongwen,GAO Zhenxun,et al.Influence of inter-car wind-shield schemes on aerodynamic performance of high-speed trains[J].Journal of the China Railway Society,2012,34(11):29-35.
[11]黄志祥,陈立,蒋科林.高速列车模型编组长度和风挡结构对气动阻力的影响[J].实验流体力学,2012,26(5):36-41.HUANG Zhixiang,CHEN Li,JIANG Keli.Influence of length of train formation and vestibule diaphragm structure on aerodynamic drag of high speed train mode[J].Journal of Experiments in Fluid Mechanics,2012,26(5):36-41.
[12]牛纪强,梁习锋,熊小慧,等.车辆外风挡结构对高速列车横风气动性能影响[J].山东大学学报(工学版),2016,46(2):108-115.NIU Jiqiang,LIANG Xifeng,XIONG Xiaohui,et al.Effect of outside vehicle windshield on aerodynamic performance of high-speed train under crosswind[J].Journal of Shandong University(Engineering Science),2016,46(2):108-115.
[13]张业,孙振旭,郭迪龙,等.风挡缝宽对高速列车气动性能的影响[J].铁道学报,2017,39(3):19-24.ZHANG Ye,SUN Zhenxu,GUO Dilong,et al.Effect of windshield slot width on aerodynamics of high-speed trains[J].Journal of the China Railway Society,2017,39(3):19-24.
[14]刘宏友,魏晓东,曾京,等.风挡连接装置对列车动力学性能的影响[J].交通运输工程学报,2003,3(2):22-26.LIU Hongyou,WEI Xiaodong,ZENG Jing,et al.Effect of vestibule diaphragm device on train dynamic performance[J].Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering,2003,3(2):22-26.
[15]丁畅,钟睦,杨明智,等.车体测滚对列车气动性能和运行稳定性的影响[J].铁道科学与工程学报,2018,15(2):1-8.DING Chang,ZHONG Mu,YANG Mingzhi,et al.Effect of train body roll on aerodynamic performance and moving stability of high-speed train[J].Journal of Railway Science and Engineering,2018,15(2):1-8.
[2]Mizushima F,Takakura H,Kurita T.Experimental investigation of aerodynamic noise generated by a train-car gap[J].Journal of Fluid Science&Technology,2007,2(2):464-479.
[3]Yamazaki N,Takashi T.Wind tunnel tests on reduction of aeroacoustic noise from car gaps and bogie sections[J].QR of RTRI,2007,48(4):229-235.
[4]刘珍.高速列车风挡气动特性及气动疲劳强度研究[D].长沙:中南大学,2012.LIU Zhen.Research on windshield aerodynamic characteristics and pneumatic fatigue strength of high speed train[D].Changsha:Central South University,2012.
[5]Schetz J A.Aerodynamics of high-speed trains[J].Annual Review of Fluid Mechanis,2001,33:371-414.
[6]Chris Baker.The flow around high speed trains[J].Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics,2010,9(8):277-298.
[7]田红旗.中国列车空气动力学研究进展[J].交通运输工程学报,2006,6(1):1-9.TIAN Hongqi.Study evolvement of train aerodynamic in China[J].Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering,2006,6(1):1-9.
[8]宋烨,邬平波,贾璐.高速列车车体气动载荷疲劳强度分析[J].机械强度,2015,37(3):533-538.SONG Ye,WU Pingbo,JIA Lu.Analysis of aerodynamic load on fatigue strength of the high-speed train car body[J].Journal of Mechanical Strength,2015,37(3):533-538.
[9]梁习锋,舒信伟.列车风挡对空气阻力影响的数值模拟研究[J].铁道学报,2003,25(1):34-37.LIANG Xifeng,SHU Xinwei.Numerical simulation research on train aerodynamic drag affected by the train windshield[J].Journal of the China Railway Society,2003,25(1):34-37.
[10]杨加寿,蒋崇文,高振勋,等.车厢间风挡形式对高速列车气动性能的影响[J].铁道学报,2012,34(11):29-35.YANG Jiashou,JIANG Chongwen,GAO Zhenxun,et al.Influence of inter-car wind-shield schemes on aerodynamic performance of high-speed trains[J].Journal of the China Railway Society,2012,34(11):29-35.
[11]黄志祥,陈立,蒋科林.高速列车模型编组长度和风挡结构对气动阻力的影响[J].实验流体力学,2012,26(5):36-41.HUANG Zhixiang,CHEN Li,JIANG Keli.Influence of length of train formation and vestibule diaphragm structure on aerodynamic drag of high speed train mode[J].Journal of Experiments in Fluid Mechanics,2012,26(5):36-41.
[12]牛纪强,梁习锋,熊小慧,等.车辆外风挡结构对高速列车横风气动性能影响[J].山东大学学报(工学版),2016,46(2):108-115.NIU Jiqiang,LIANG Xifeng,XIONG Xiaohui,et al.Effect of outside vehicle windshield on aerodynamic performance of high-speed train under crosswind[J].Journal of Shandong University(Engineering Science),2016,46(2):108-115.
[13]张业,孙振旭,郭迪龙,等.风挡缝宽对高速列车气动性能的影响[J].铁道学报,2017,39(3):19-24.ZHANG Ye,SUN Zhenxu,GUO Dilong,et al.Effect of windshield slot width on aerodynamics of high-speed trains[J].Journal of the China Railway Society,2017,39(3):19-24.
[14]刘宏友,魏晓东,曾京,等.风挡连接装置对列车动力学性能的影响[J].交通运输工程学报,2003,3(2):22-26.LIU Hongyou,WEI Xiaodong,ZENG Jing,et al.Effect of vestibule diaphragm device on train dynamic performance[J].Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering,2003,3(2):22-26.
[15]丁畅,钟睦,杨明智,等.车体测滚对列车气动性能和运行稳定性的影响[J].铁道科学与工程学报,2018,15(2):1-8.DING Chang,ZHONG Mu,YANG Mingzhi,et al.Effect of train body roll on aerodynamic performance and moving stability of high-speed train[J].Journal of Railway Science and Engineering,2018,15(2):1-8.