1413名机车司机职业紧张应对调查分析
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摘要
目的探讨机车司机职业紧张应对水平及影响因素。方法采取整群抽样的方法,于2012年3月对某公司1 413名男性机车司机进行了横断面调查,包括普通客车司机301名、货车司机683名、运调车司机350名和高速客车司机79名。调查内容包括采用职业紧张测量工具、工作内容问卷和付出-回报失衡问卷等评价机车司机的应付策略、职业紧张因素、紧张反应、个体特征和社会支持。对影响机车司机抑郁症状多因素进行Logistic回归分析。结果不同年龄、锻炼情况组间机车司机应对策略评分差异有统计学意义(P<0. 01)。调查对象较常用/经常用的应对策略是"有效管理时间"(61. 59%)、"与理解我的朋友交谈"(49. 68%)和"排列优先顺序,逐个解决问题"(46. 98%)。相关分析表明,应对策略与睡眠质量、付出、自尊感、提升机会、回报、正性情绪、躯体需求、每日紧张感、对人的责任、对事的责任、角色冲突和心理需求呈正相关(P<0. 05),与负性情绪、工作前景、工作不满意感和角色模糊呈负相关(P<0. 05)。非参数检验显示,应对策略评分高组的每日紧张感、心理需求、对人的责任、对事的责任、组内冲突、角色冲突、付出、回报、躯体需求、睡眠质量、抑郁症状、正性情绪、自尊感评分高于应对策略评分低、中组(P<0. 05),不同应对策略组社会支持、负性情绪评分差异无统计学意义(P>0. 05)。Logistic回归分析显示,应对策略不充分的机车司机发生抑郁症状的风险是应对策略充分者的1. 5倍以上。结论机车司机充分的应对策略可以减少职业紧张、抑郁症状的发生,对其正性情绪的维护有重要的作用。
Objective To investigate the occupational stress coping level in locomotive drivers and its influencing factors.Methods The cross-sectional study was conducted by cluster sampling method in 1 413 locomotive drivers( including 301 ordinary passenger train drivers,683 freight train drivers,350 passenger shunting train drivers,and 79 high speed train drivers)from a certain company. The coping strategies,occupational stress factors,stress responses,personal feature and social support were assessed by occupational stress measurement instruments,job content questionnaires and effort-reward imbalance questionnaire; meanwhile,the multiple influencing factors on the stress was analyzed as well by logistic regression analysis. Results The results showed that there were statistically significant differences in coping strategy scores among locomotive drivers with different age and physical exercise levels( P<0. 01). The top three coping strategies of commonly used and often used were"effective time management"( 61. 59%),"talking to friends who understood me"( 49. 68%),and "prioritizing problems and solving one by one"( 46. 98%). The correlation analysis indicated that copping strategies had significantly positive relation with sleep quality,effort,self-esteem,promote opportunity,reward,positive emotion,physical need,daily stress,responsibility for person,responsibility for event,role conflict,and physiological need( P<0. 05),and negative relation with negative emotion,job prospect,job dissatisfaction and role ambiguity( P<0. 05). Non-parametric test showed that stress coping high score group also had higher scores in daily stress,psychological need,responsibility for person,responsibility for events,inter-group conflict,role conflict, effort, reward, physical needs, sleep quality, depressive symptoms, positive emotions, and selfesteem than that of middle and low score group( P<0. 05); there was no statistically significant difference in social supports and negative emotions scores among different coping level groups( P>0. 05). Logistics regression analysis showed that the risk of depressive symptoms in inadequate coping strategy locomotive drivers was more than 1. 5 times as high as that of adequate coping strategy locomotive drivers. Conclusion The results suggested that the adequate coping strategies could reduce occupational stress and depressive symptoms,which had an important effect in the maintenance of positive emotions for locomotive drivers.
Objective To investigate the occupational stress coping level in locomotive drivers and its influencing factors.Methods The cross-sectional study was conducted by cluster sampling method in 1 413 locomotive drivers( including 301 ordinary passenger train drivers,683 freight train drivers,350 passenger shunting train drivers,and 79 high speed train drivers)from a certain company. The coping strategies,occupational stress factors,stress responses,personal feature and social support were assessed by occupational stress measurement instruments,job content questionnaires and effort-reward imbalance questionnaire; meanwhile,the multiple influencing factors on the stress was analyzed as well by logistic regression analysis. Results The results showed that there were statistically significant differences in coping strategy scores among locomotive drivers with different age and physical exercise levels( P<0. 01). The top three coping strategies of commonly used and often used were"effective time management"( 61. 59%),"talking to friends who understood me"( 49. 68%),and "prioritizing problems and solving one by one"( 46. 98%). The correlation analysis indicated that copping strategies had significantly positive relation with sleep quality,effort,self-esteem,promote opportunity,reward,positive emotion,physical need,daily stress,responsibility for person,responsibility for event,role conflict,and physiological need( P<0. 05),and negative relation with negative emotion,job prospect,job dissatisfaction and role ambiguity( P<0. 05). Non-parametric test showed that stress coping high score group also had higher scores in daily stress,psychological need,responsibility for person,responsibility for events,inter-group conflict,role conflict, effort, reward, physical needs, sleep quality, depressive symptoms, positive emotions, and selfesteem than that of middle and low score group( P<0. 05); there was no statistically significant difference in social supports and negative emotions scores among different coping level groups( P>0. 05). Logistics regression analysis showed that the risk of depressive symptoms in inadequate coping strategy locomotive drivers was more than 1. 5 times as high as that of adequate coping strategy locomotive drivers. Conclusion The results suggested that the adequate coping strategies could reduce occupational stress and depressive symptoms,which had an important effect in the maintenance of positive emotions for locomotive drivers.
引文
[1] Jannati Y,Mohammadi R,Seyedfatemi N. Iranian clinical nurses'coping strategies for job stress[J]. J Occup Health, 2011, 53(2):123-129.
[2]陈梅龙,刘宝英,葛明,等.火车司机职业应激及其影响因素分析[J].中国预防医学杂志,2012,13(3):187-191.
[3] Zaghloul AA,Abou El Enein NY. Nurse stress at two different organi-zational settings in Alexandria[J]. J Multidiscip Healthc,2009,15(2):45-51.
[4] Isaksson Ro KE,Tyssen R,Hoffart A,et al. A three-year cohortstudy of the relationships between coping,job stress and burnout afteracoun selling intervention for help-seeking physicians[J]. BMCPublic Health,2010,27(10):213.
[5] Nomura K,Nakao M,Sato M,et al. The association of the reportingof somatic symptoms with job stress and active coping among Japanesewhite-collar workers[J]. J Occup Health, 2007, 49(5):370-375.
[6] Hirokawa K,Taniguchi T,Tsuchiya M,et al. Effects of a stressmanagement program for hospital staffs on their coping strategies andinterpersonal behaviors[J]. Ind Health,2012,50(6):487-498.
[7] Kato T. Coping with interpersonal stress and psychological distress atwork:Comparison of hospital nursing staff and sales people[J]. Psy-chol Res Behav Manag,2014,15(7):31-36.
[8] Jannati Y,Mohammadi R,Seyedfatemi N. Iranian clinical nurses'copingstrategies for job stress[J]. J Occup Health,2011,53(2):123-129.
[9]余善法,张锐,马良庆,等.职业应激测量工具研究[J].河南医学研究,2000,9(2):171-174.
[10]余善法.职业应激研究中的数据处理与统计方法[J].环境与职业医学,2013,30(7):494-497.
[11]谷桂珍,余善法,李奎荣,等.铁路货运调度员应对应激策略以及对职业应激的影响[J].中华劳动卫生职业病杂志,2010,28(8):569-573.
[12]周文慧,余善法.应付策略与职业应激关系的探讨[J].工业卫生与职业病,2008,34(3):142-145.
[13]谷桂珍,余善法,周文慧,等. 13家企业员工职业应激应对策略调查[J].中华劳动卫生职业病杂志,2014,32(9):679-683.
[14] Mehrabi T,Azadi F,Pahlavanzadeh S,et al. The effect of yoga oncoping strategies among intensive care unit nurses[J]. Iran J NursMidwifery Res,2012,17(6):421-424.
[15] Rodrigues AB,Chaves EC. Stressing factors and coping strategiesused by oncology nurses[J]. Rev Lat Am Enfermagem,2008,16(1):24-28.
[16] Chandramouleeswaran S,Edwin NC,Braganza D. Job stress,satisfac-tion,and coping strategies among medical interns in a South Indian terti-ary hospital[J]. Indian J Psychol Med,2014,36(3):308-311.
[17] Gholamzadeh S,Sharif F,Rad FD. Sources of occupational stressand coping strategies among nurses who work in Admission and Emer-gency Departments of Hospitals related to Shiraz University of MedicalSciences[J]. Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res,2011,16(1):41-46.
[18] Yu S,Gu G,Zhou W,et al. Psychosocial work environment andwell-being:Cross-sectional study in a thermal power plant in China[J]. J Occup Health,2008,50(3):155-162.
[19] Chen WQ,Wong TW,Yu IT. Association of occupational stress andsocial support with health-related behaviors among Chinese offshore oilworkers[J]. J Occup Health,2008,50(3):262-269.
[20] Uchiyama A,Odagiri Y,Ohya Y. Association of social skills withpsychological distress among female nurses in Japan[J]. Ind Health,2011,49(6):677-685.
[21] Hirokawa K,Taniguchi T,Tsuchiya M,et al. Effects of stress man-agement program for hospital staffs on their copping strategies and in-terpersonal behaviors[J]. Ind Health,2012,50(6):487-498.
[2]陈梅龙,刘宝英,葛明,等.火车司机职业应激及其影响因素分析[J].中国预防医学杂志,2012,13(3):187-191.
[3] Zaghloul AA,Abou El Enein NY. Nurse stress at two different organi-zational settings in Alexandria[J]. J Multidiscip Healthc,2009,15(2):45-51.
[4] Isaksson Ro KE,Tyssen R,Hoffart A,et al. A three-year cohortstudy of the relationships between coping,job stress and burnout afteracoun selling intervention for help-seeking physicians[J]. BMCPublic Health,2010,27(10):213.
[5] Nomura K,Nakao M,Sato M,et al. The association of the reportingof somatic symptoms with job stress and active coping among Japanesewhite-collar workers[J]. J Occup Health, 2007, 49(5):370-375.
[6] Hirokawa K,Taniguchi T,Tsuchiya M,et al. Effects of a stressmanagement program for hospital staffs on their coping strategies andinterpersonal behaviors[J]. Ind Health,2012,50(6):487-498.
[7] Kato T. Coping with interpersonal stress and psychological distress atwork:Comparison of hospital nursing staff and sales people[J]. Psy-chol Res Behav Manag,2014,15(7):31-36.
[8] Jannati Y,Mohammadi R,Seyedfatemi N. Iranian clinical nurses'copingstrategies for job stress[J]. J Occup Health,2011,53(2):123-129.
[9]余善法,张锐,马良庆,等.职业应激测量工具研究[J].河南医学研究,2000,9(2):171-174.
[10]余善法.职业应激研究中的数据处理与统计方法[J].环境与职业医学,2013,30(7):494-497.
[11]谷桂珍,余善法,李奎荣,等.铁路货运调度员应对应激策略以及对职业应激的影响[J].中华劳动卫生职业病杂志,2010,28(8):569-573.
[12]周文慧,余善法.应付策略与职业应激关系的探讨[J].工业卫生与职业病,2008,34(3):142-145.
[13]谷桂珍,余善法,周文慧,等. 13家企业员工职业应激应对策略调查[J].中华劳动卫生职业病杂志,2014,32(9):679-683.
[14] Mehrabi T,Azadi F,Pahlavanzadeh S,et al. The effect of yoga oncoping strategies among intensive care unit nurses[J]. Iran J NursMidwifery Res,2012,17(6):421-424.
[15] Rodrigues AB,Chaves EC. Stressing factors and coping strategiesused by oncology nurses[J]. Rev Lat Am Enfermagem,2008,16(1):24-28.
[16] Chandramouleeswaran S,Edwin NC,Braganza D. Job stress,satisfac-tion,and coping strategies among medical interns in a South Indian terti-ary hospital[J]. Indian J Psychol Med,2014,36(3):308-311.
[17] Gholamzadeh S,Sharif F,Rad FD. Sources of occupational stressand coping strategies among nurses who work in Admission and Emer-gency Departments of Hospitals related to Shiraz University of MedicalSciences[J]. Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res,2011,16(1):41-46.
[18] Yu S,Gu G,Zhou W,et al. Psychosocial work environment andwell-being:Cross-sectional study in a thermal power plant in China[J]. J Occup Health,2008,50(3):155-162.
[19] Chen WQ,Wong TW,Yu IT. Association of occupational stress andsocial support with health-related behaviors among Chinese offshore oilworkers[J]. J Occup Health,2008,50(3):262-269.
[20] Uchiyama A,Odagiri Y,Ohya Y. Association of social skills withpsychological distress among female nurses in Japan[J]. Ind Health,2011,49(6):677-685.
[21] Hirokawa K,Taniguchi T,Tsuchiya M,et al. Effects of stress man-agement program for hospital staffs on their copping strategies and in-terpersonal behaviors[J]. Ind Health,2012,50(6):487-498.