四川九龙山自然保护区林麝栖息地典型植被土壤微生物群落特征
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摘要
为了解四川九龙山自然保护区林麝栖息地典型植被(灌木林、针阔混交林和阔叶混交林)下土壤微生物群落特征,探讨土壤微生物类群对地表植被组成的影响。采用平板稀释法进行活菌计数与菌株分离,16SrRNA PCR鉴定分离菌,常规方法测定土壤理化学性质。结果表明,栖息地各植被类型下共由11种细菌菌属组成;以芽孢菌占主要部分,韦氏芽胞杆菌(Bacillus weihenstephanensis)、巨大芽胞杆菌(Bacillus megaterium)和苏云金芽胞杆菌(Bacillus thuringiensis)为优势菌群。各植被类型土壤均以细菌为主,放线菌次之,真菌最少;土壤微生物总数排序为灌木林>针阔混交林>阔叶混交林;各植被类型下不同土层中微生物的分布趋势是0~20cm>20~40cm>40~60cm。相关性分析结果表明,pH值与放线菌呈显著正相关性(R=0.676,P<0.05),总微生物与细菌总数呈极显著正相关性(R=1,P<0.01),总微生物与放线菌呈显著正相关性(R=1,P<0.01)。
The objectives of this study were to explore the characteristics of soil microbial communities in the soils of typical vegetations(shrub forest,mixed coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest)at forest musk deer habitat in Sichuan Jiulong Mountain Nature Reserve,and to examine the effects of soil microbials on the composition of ground vegetations.The number of soil colonies was determined by plate colony dilution method.Isolated soil bacteria and actinomycetes were identified by 16 SrRNA PCR method.Soil physicochemical properties were determined by the conventional methods.Eleven species of microorganisms were identified.They were mainly consisted of Bacillus weihenstephanensis,B.megaterium and B.thuringiensis.Among the microorganisms isolated from the soil of three vegetation types,the number of bacteria(over 70%)represented absolute advantage,actinomycetes were followed,and no fungi were separated.Distribution trend in three soil types of microorganisms in the soil profile was 0-20>20-40>40-60 cm.The correlation analysis indicated that pH value was significantly and positively correlated to actino-mycetes(R=0.676,P<0.05).Total microorganisms were significantly and positively correlated to total bacteria(R=1,P<0.01).The correlationship between total microorganismsl and actinomycetes was significant and positive(R=1,P<0.05).
The objectives of this study were to explore the characteristics of soil microbial communities in the soils of typical vegetations(shrub forest,mixed coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest)at forest musk deer habitat in Sichuan Jiulong Mountain Nature Reserve,and to examine the effects of soil microbials on the composition of ground vegetations.The number of soil colonies was determined by plate colony dilution method.Isolated soil bacteria and actinomycetes were identified by 16 SrRNA PCR method.Soil physicochemical properties were determined by the conventional methods.Eleven species of microorganisms were identified.They were mainly consisted of Bacillus weihenstephanensis,B.megaterium and B.thuringiensis.Among the microorganisms isolated from the soil of three vegetation types,the number of bacteria(over 70%)represented absolute advantage,actinomycetes were followed,and no fungi were separated.Distribution trend in three soil types of microorganisms in the soil profile was 0-20>20-40>40-60 cm.The correlation analysis indicated that pH value was significantly and positively correlated to actino-mycetes(R=0.676,P<0.05).Total microorganisms were significantly and positively correlated to total bacteria(R=1,P<0.01).The correlationship between total microorganismsl and actinomycetes was significant and positive(R=1,P<0.05).
引文
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[3]闵泓翔,王洪军.四川九龙山自然保护区林麝种群复壮措施初探[J].四川林勘设计,2013(1):55-57.
[4]武琳慧,邵玉琴,鲁槚银,等.乌梁素海湿地过渡带土壤微生物类群数量与分布特征[J].农业环境科学学报,2014,33(4):759-764.WU L H,SHAO Y Q,LUO J Y,et al.Soil microbes and their distribution in Wuliangsuhai wetland[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2014,33(4):759-764.(in Chinese)
[5]刘爽,王传宽.五种温带森林土壤微生物生物量碳氮的时空格局[J].生态学报,2010,30(12):3135-3143.LIU S,WANG C K.Spatio-temporal patterns of soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen in five temperate forest ecosystems[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2010,30(12):3135-3143.(in Chinese)
[6]崔芳芳,刘增文,付刚,等.秦岭山区几种典型森林的土壤微生物特征及其对人为干扰的响应[J].西北林学院学报,2008,23(2):129-134.CUI F F,LIU Z W,FU G,et al.Characteristics of several typical forest soil microorg anism and their reactions artificial disturbance on Qinling Mountains[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2008,23(2):129-134.(in Chinese)
[7]孙文艳,廖超英,李晓明,等.毛乌素沙地东南部人工林土壤生物学特性[J].西北林学院学报,2013,28(3):28-33.SUN W Y,LIAO C Y,LI X M,et al.Soil biological properties of different forest plantations on the Southeast of the Mu Us Sandy Land[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2013,28(3):28-33.(in Chinese)
[8]吴道秦,王继华,张娣,等.三江平原不同土壤类型中微生物种群多样性研究[J].哈尔滨师范大学自然科学学报,2011,27(6):78-82.WU D Q,WANG J H,ZHANG D,et al.Research on microbial species diversity of different soil types in the Sanjiang plain[J].Natural Science Journal of Harbin Normal University,2011,27(6):78-82.(in Chinese)
[9]熊英,邓福英,唐庆兰,等.万鹤山鹭鸟保护区土壤微生物优势类群生态分布的研究[J].广西农业生物科学,2005,24(1):58-62.
[10]四川省苍溪县志编纂委员会.苍溪县志[M].四川:四川人民出版社,1993.
[11]许光辉,郑洪元.土壤微生物分析方法手册[M].北京:农业出版社,1986.
[12]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000.
[13]薛立,邝立刚,陈红跃,等.不同林分土壤养分、微生物与酶活性的研究[J].土壤学报,2003,40(2):280-285.XUE L,KUANG L G,CHEN H Y,et al.Soil nutrients microorganisms and enzyme activities of different stands[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,2003,40(2):280-285.(in Chinese)
[14]CLAUDIA M,JAIME R,ROMILIO T E.Polymorphism in repeated 16SrRNA genes is a common property of type strains and environmental isolates of the genus vibrio[J].Microbiology,2002,148:1233-1239.
[15]许宗林,苟曦,李昆,等.四川省耕地土壤养分分布特征与动态变化趋势探讨[J].西南农业学报,2008,21(3):718-723.XU Z L,GOU X,LI K,et al.Distribution and characteristics of cultivated soil nutrients and its dynamic change trend in Sichuan Province[J].Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences,2008,21(3):718-723.(in Chinese)