中国特有裸子植物巴山榧树的保护生物学研究进展
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摘要
【目的】对中国特有裸子植物巴山榧树(Torreyafargesii)生物学特性、群落特征、濒危机制、资源保护的研究进展进行综述,为巴山榧树资源保护和合理利用提供参考。【方法】在查阅相关研究文献的基础上,分析巴山榧树的濒危机制,总结巴山榧树的保护措施,并提出今后的研究方向。【结果】1)巴山榧树濒危的原因主要有:历史气候变化导致巴山榧树数量大规模减少;巴山榧树遗传多样性低,种群间遗传分化程度低;巴山榧树生殖障碍大,种子萌发率低;巴山榧树群落内物种生态位重叠程度高,种群间竞争激烈;人类活动导致了巴山榧树生境的破碎。2)巴山榧树资源保护策略目前主要有迁地保护、就地保护等,但同时还应全面系统地开展科学研究,建立完善珍稀濒危植物保护法律法规,加强宣传教育。【结论】应深入研究巴山榧树濒危机制,开展巴山榧树繁殖技术和系统地理格局的研究。
[Purposes]The biological characteristics,community characters,endangered mechanism and resources conservation of Torreyafargesii,an endemic gymnosperm in China,were reviewed to provide a basis for other studies in this area.[Methods]On the basis of consulting relevant research studies,the endangered mechanism of T.fargesii were analyzed,the protection measures were summarized,and the future research directions were proposed.[Findings]1)The main reasons for the endangerment of T.fargesii are as follows:firstly,changes in historical climate led to a large-scale reduction in the number of T.fargesii.Secondly,low genetic diversity and low degree of genetic differentiation among populations of T.fargesii further aggravated the endangered degree of T.fargesii.Thirdly,T.fargesii has high reproductive barrier and low seed germination rate.Fourthly,niche overlap in T.fargesii community is high and competition among populations is intense.Lastly,human activities have exacerbated habitat fragmentation of T.fargesii.2)At present,the conservation strategy of T.fargesii mainly includes ex-situconservation and local protection.At the same time,scientific research should be carried out in a comprehensive and systematic way,the laws and regulations on the protection of rare and endangered plants should be established,and propaganda and education should be strengthened.[Conclusions]1)A comprehensive scientific study should be conducted to further summarize the endangered mechanism of T.fargesii.2)Breeding technology research should be carried out to artificially propagate the T.fargesii.3)Study on the systematic geographical pattern of T.fargesii resources should be carried out as well.
[Purposes]The biological characteristics,community characters,endangered mechanism and resources conservation of Torreyafargesii,an endemic gymnosperm in China,were reviewed to provide a basis for other studies in this area.[Methods]On the basis of consulting relevant research studies,the endangered mechanism of T.fargesii were analyzed,the protection measures were summarized,and the future research directions were proposed.[Findings]1)The main reasons for the endangerment of T.fargesii are as follows:firstly,changes in historical climate led to a large-scale reduction in the number of T.fargesii.Secondly,low genetic diversity and low degree of genetic differentiation among populations of T.fargesii further aggravated the endangered degree of T.fargesii.Thirdly,T.fargesii has high reproductive barrier and low seed germination rate.Fourthly,niche overlap in T.fargesii community is high and competition among populations is intense.Lastly,human activities have exacerbated habitat fragmentation of T.fargesii.2)At present,the conservation strategy of T.fargesii mainly includes ex-situconservation and local protection.At the same time,scientific research should be carried out in a comprehensive and systematic way,the laws and regulations on the protection of rare and endangered plants should be established,and propaganda and education should be strengthened.[Conclusions]1)A comprehensive scientific study should be conducted to further summarize the endangered mechanism of T.fargesii.2)Breeding technology research should be carried out to artificially propagate the T.fargesii.3)Study on the systematic geographical pattern of T.fargesii resources should be carried out as well.
引文
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[7]江波,宋航,周先容,等.巴山榧树营养器官的解剖学研究[J].北方园艺,2018,42(6):74-80.JIANG B,SONG H,ZHOU X R,et al.Anatomical studies on vegetative organs of Torreyafargesii Franch.[J].Northern Horticulture,2018,42(6):74-80.
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[10]程晓健,黎章矩,戴文圣,等.香榧的生态习性及其适生条件[J].林业科技开发,2009,23(1):39-42.CHENG X J,LI Z J,DAI W S,et al.Ecologial characteristics of Torreyagrandis“Merrillii”and its suitable site conditions[J].China Forestry Science and Technology,2009,23(1):39-42.
[11]汪建华,周先容,尚进,等.金佛山喀斯特山地灌丛巴山榧树群落特征[J].四川师范大学学报(自然科学版),2014,37(3):389-395.WANG J H,ZHOU X R,SHANG J,et al.Characteristics of the Torreyafargesii community of the karst mountain shrub in the Jinfo mountains[J].Journal of Sichuan Normal University(Natural Science),2014,37(3):389-395.
[12]江洪.东灵山植物群落生活型谱的比较研究[J].植物学报,1994,36(11):884-894.JIANG H.Study on life-form spectrum of plant community in Dongling mountain[J].Acta Botanica Sinica,1994,36(11):884-894.
[13]于倩,谢宗强,熊高明,等.神农架巴山冷杉(Abies fargesii)林群落特征及其优势种群结构[J].生态学报,2008,28(5):1931-1941.YU Q,XIE Z Q,XIONG G M,et al.Community characteristics and population structure of Abies fargesii forests in Shennongjia national nature reserve[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2008,28(5):1931-1941.
[14]谢宗强,陈伟烈.中国特有植物银杉的濒危原因及保护对策[J].植物生态学报,1999,23(1):1-7.XIE Z Q,CHEN W L.The endangering causes and preserving strategies for Cathaya argyrophylla,aplant endemic to China[J].Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology,1999,23(1):1-7.
[15]马俊,陈发波,周先容,等.不同地理种群巴山榧树及近缘种叶绿体trnL-trnF序列的分析[J].基因组学与应用生物学,2014,33(5):1053-1058.MA J,CHEN F B,ZHOU X R,et al.Sequencesanalysis and comparison of trnL-trnF of geographical populations of Torreyafargesii(Taxaceae)and its closely related species[J].Genomics and Applied Biology,2014,33(5):1053-1058.
[16]江波,周先容,龚练,等.巴山榧树种子特性与幼苗生长规律[J].种子,2016,35(10):14-18.JIANG B,ZHOU X R,GONG L,et al.Research on seed characteristics and seedling growth law of Torreyafargesii,an endangered plant in China[J].Seed,2016,35(10):14-18.
[17]汪建华,周先容,尚进,等.金佛山巴山榧树灌丛群落主要木本植物种群生态位特征[J].生态学杂志,2014,33(5):1135-1141.WANG J H,ZHOU X R,SHANG J,et al.Niche characteristics of dominant woody plant populations in a Torreyafargesii shrub community in the Jinfo mountains[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2014,33(5):1135-1141.
[18]李俊敏,何平,林永慧,等.缙云山特有植物缙云黄芩种群生态位研究[J].西南师范大学学报(自然科学版),2004,29(3):451-456.LI J M,HE P,LIN Y H,et al.Niche studies on populations of Scutellaria tsinyunensis of endemic species from Mt.Jinyun of Chongqing[J].Journal of Southwest China Normal University(Natural Science Edition),2004,29(3):451-456.
[19]江波,周先容,尚进,等.中国特有植物巴山榧树的种群结构与动态[J].生态学报,2018,38(3):1016-1027.JIANG B,ZHOU X R,SHANG J,et al.Population structure and dynamics of Torreyafargesii Franch.,aplant endemic to China[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2018,38(3):1016-1027.
[20]吴小巧,黄宝龙,丁雨龙.中国珍稀濒危植物保护研究现状与进展[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2004,28(2):72-76.WU X Q,HUANG B L,DING Y L.The advance on the study of protection of rare and endangered plants in China[J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University(Natural Sciences Edition),2004,28(2):72-76.
[21]乔琦,刑福武,陈红锋,等.中国特有珍稀植物伯乐树的研究进展和科研方向[J].中国野生植物资源,2011,30(3):4-8,13.QIAO Q,XING F W,CHEN H F,et al.Research progress and direction in Bretschneidara sinensis,a rare endemic plant in China[J].Chinese Wild Plant Resources,2011,30(3):4-8,13.
[22]蒋志刚,马克平,韩兴国.保护生物学[M].杭州:浙江科学技术出版社,1997.JIANG Z G,MA K P,HAN X G.Conservation biology[M].Hangzhou:Zhejiang Science and Technology Press,1997.
[23]祖元刚,张文辉,阎秀峰.濒危植物裂叶沙参保护生物学[M].北京:科学出版社,1999.ZU Y G,ZHANG W H,YAN X F.Conservation biology of endangered plant Adenophora lobophylla[M].Beijing:Science Press,1999.
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